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180
THE ORIGINS OF THE ISLAMIC STATE

quest. In that campaign Muʿâwiyah distinguished himself and left a great impression.

Muʿâwiyah transplants people. Abu-Alyasaʿ al-Anṭâki from certain sheikhs from Antioch and the Jordan:—A body of Persians were transplanted in the year 42 by Muʿâwiyah from Baʿlabakk, Ḥimṣ and Antioch to the sea-coasts of the Jordan, i. e., Tyre, Acre and other places; and he transplanted in the same year, or one year before or after, certain Asâwirah[1] from al-Baṣrah and al-Kûfah and certain Persians from Baʿlabakk and Ḥimṣ to Antioch. One of the Persian leaders was Muslim ibn-ʿAbdallâh, grandfather of ʿAbdallâh ibn-Ḥabîb ibn-an-Nuʿmân ibn-Muslim al-Anṭâki.

Muʿâwiyah makes repairs in Acre and Tyre. According to a tradition communicated to me by Muḥammad ibn-Saʿd on the authority of al-Wâḳidi, and by Hishâm ibn-al-Laith aṣ-Ṣûri on the authority of certain sheikhs from Syria, when Muʿâwiyah came to sail from Acre to Cyprus he made repairs in Acre [ʿAkka] and in Tyre [Ṣûr]. Later both cities were rebuilt by ʿAbd-al-Malik ibn-Marwân, after having fallen into ruins.

Hishâm ibn-al-Laith from our sheikhs who said, "When we took up our abode in Tyre and the littoral, there were Arab troops and many Greeks already there. Later, people from other regions came and settled with us, and that was the case with all the sea-coast of Syria."

Artisans settled along the sea-coast. Muḥammad ibn-Sahm al-Anṭâki from contemporaneous sheikhs:—In the year 49 the Greeks left for the sea-coast. Industry at that time was confined to Egypt. Consequently, and in accordance with Muʿâwiyah ibn-abi-Sufyân's orders, certain artisans and carpenters were gathered and settled along the coast. As for the industry of the Jordan province it was all confined to Acre.

  1. Persian armed cavalry.