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THE ORIGINS OF THE ISLAMIC STATE

A similar tradition was communicated to us by Aḥmad ibn-Ibrâhim ad-Dauraḳi on the authority of ʿUrwah.

The banu-Umaiyah confiscate Fadak. Ibrâhim ibn-Muḥammad ibn-ʿArʿarah from al-Kalbi:—The banu-Umaiyah confiscated Fadak and violated the law of the Prophet in regard to it. But when ʿUmar ibn-ʿAbd-al-ʿAzîz became caliph, he reinstated the land in its old condition.

Fâṭimah demands Fadak. ʿAbdallâh ibn-Maimûn al-Mukattib from Mâlik ibn-Jaʿwanah's father:—Fâṭimah said to abu-Bakr, "The Prophet assigned to me Fadak; thou shouldst therefore give it to me."[1] ʿAli ibn-Abi-Ṭâlib acted as a witness in her favor. But abu-Bakr asked for another witness; and umm-Aiman testified in her favor. Abu-Bakr, thereupon, said "Thou, daughter of Allah's Prophet, knowest that no evidence can be accepted unless it is rendered by two men or a man and two women." Upon this she departed.

Rauḥ al-Karâbîsi from one supposed by Rauḥ to have been Jaʿfar ibn-Muḥammad:—Fâṭimah said to abu-Bakr, "Give me Fadak, the Prophet has assigned it to me." Abu-Bakr called for evidence and she presented umm-Aiman and Rabâḥ, the Prophet's freedman, both of whom testified in her favor. But abu-Bakr said, " In such a case no evidence could be accepted unless it be rendered by a man and two women."

Ibn-ʿÂʾishah at-Taimi from umm-Hâni:—Fâṭimah, the Prophet's daughter, called on abu-Bakr and asked: " Who will inherit thee when thou art dead?" to which he replied, "My son and family." "Why then," asked she, "hast thou—and not we—inherited the Prophet's possessions?" "Daughter of Allah's Prophet," answered abu-Bakr, "by Allah, I have inherited from thy father neither gold nor

  1. Bukhâri, vol. iii, p. 131.