Portal:Language and literature

Language and Literature

Top level portal for Class P: Language and literature.

Subclass P: Philology and linguistics

Photograph of The Grammarian, 15th century marble panel
Photograph of The Grammarian, 15th century marble panel

Philology and linguistics are the study of a language's grammar, history and literary tradition; and the scientific study of human language.

Includes: A History of Sanskrit Literature (1900) by Arthur Anthony MacdonellGraiméar na Gaedhilge (1906) • Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1909) by Wilhelm Gesenius

Subclass PA: Greek language and literature

Greek literature
Greek literature

Greek language and literature covers all works in or about the Greek language. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records.

Child portals: Ancient Greek dramaOdes of Pindar

Subclass PAA: Latin language and literature

Latin literature
Latin literature

Latin language and literature covers all works in or about the Latin language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and many schools and universities continue to teach it.

Child portal: Classical Latin literature

Subclass PB: Modern languages

Modern languages are languages that are currently in use for day-to-day communication, as opposed to "dead" languages such as Latin, Sanskrit and Classical Chinese.

Subclass PBA: Celtic languages

Welsh literature
Welsh literature

Celtic languages covers all works in or about Celtic languages, such as Gaelic, Welsh and Gaulish. Celtic languages are most commonly spoken on the north-western edge of Europe.

Subclass PC: Romanic languages

Romance language map
Romance language map

Romanic languages covers all works about the Romanic languages (also known as the Romance, Latin, Neolatin or Neo-Latin languages), such as Italian, French and Spanish.

Child portals: French literatureItalian literaturePortuguese literatureRomanian language and literatureSpanish literature

Subclass PD: Germanic languages

Germanic language map
Germanic language map

Germanic languages covers general works about the Germanic languages, as well as older Germanic languages such as Gothic, Vandalic and Burgundian.

Subclass PDA: Scandinavian languages

Old runic Scandinavian
Old runic Scandinavian

Scandinavian languages covers all works about Scandinavian languages, also known as North Germanic languages, such as Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and Old Norse.

Subclass PE: English language

English language map
English language map

English language covers all about the English language. Originating in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England, it has become the world's major trade language and the third most natively spoken language in the world, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish.

Child portal: English literatureScots

Subclass PF: West Germanic languages

West Germanic languages map
West Germanic languages map

West Germanic languages covers all works about West Germanic languages, such as Dutch, Flemish, Frisian, German, and Yiddish.

Subclass PG: Slavic languages and literatures

Slavic languages map
Slavic languages map

Slavic languages and literatures overs all works in or about the Slavic languages, such as Russian, Polish and Bulgarian.

Child portals: Czech literatureRussian literature

Subclass PGA: Baltic languages

Baltic language map
Baltic language map

Baltic languages are mainly spoken in the areas extending east and south-east of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe; such as Latvian, Lithuanian and Old Prussian.

Subclass PGB: Albanian language

The Albanian language is an Indo-European language in a branch by itself (a "language isolate") spoken primarily in Albania, Kosovo and some other parts of the Balkans.

Subclass PH: Uralic languages and literature

Uralic language map
Uralic language map

Uralic languages and literature covers all works in or about the Uralic languages, such as Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian.

Subclass PHA: Basque language

Basque literature
Basque literature

Basque language is the language of the Basque Country, spanning parts of France and Spain.

Includes: Gabriel's Message, by an anonymous author & translated by Sabine Baring-Gould

Subclass PJ: Oriental languages and literature

Oriental language map
Oriental language map

Oriental languages and literature covers all works in or about the Oriental languages, sometimes called Afroasiatic languages, such as Amharic, Arabic, Hebrew and Sumerian.

Child portals: Amharic literatureArabic literatureHebrew language and literatureIslamic poetry

Subclass PK: Indo-Iranian languages and literature

Persian text
Persian text

Indo-Iranian languages and literature covers all works in or about the Indo-Iranian languages, sometimes called the Aryan languages, such as Persian, Sanskrit, Hindi and Gujarati.

Child portals: SanskritSanskrit dramaBengali language and literature

Subclass PL: Languages and literatures of Eastern Asia

Chinese literature
Chinese literature

Languages and literatures of Eastern Asia covers all works in or about the languages of Eastern Asia, such as Chinese, Japanese and Korean.

Child portals: Chinese classicsChinese literatureDravidian languages and literatureHyakunin IsshuJapanese literature

Subclass PLA: Languages and literatures of Africa

Language map of Africa
Language map of Africa

Languages and literatures of Africa covers all works in or about the languages of Sub-Saharan Africa; such as Swahili, Songhay and Yoruba.

Subclass PLB: Languages and literatures of Oceania

Austronesian language map
Austronesian language map

Languages and literatures of Oceania covers all works in or about the Austronesian languages, the languages of the South Pacific, such as Javanese, Tagalog and Malay.

Child portals: Speeches by Philippine Presidents (Inaugural Speeches by Philippine PresidentsState of the Nation Speeches by Philippine Presidents)

Subclass PM: Hyperborean languages

Hyperborean languages covers all works in or about the languages of the Arctic Circle, such as Inuit, Yupik and Aleut languages.

Subclass PMA: American languages

American languages covers all works in or about the indigenous languages of the Americas; such as Iroquoian, Navajo and Quechua.

Subclass PMB: Artificial languages

Esperanto literature
Esperanto literature

Artificial languages covers languages that have been consciously devised by an individual or group, instead of having evolved naturally, such as Esperanto and Volapük.

Subclass PN: General literature

Subclass PQ: Romanic literature

Romanic literature covers works in the Romanic languages, also known as the Romance, Latin, Neolatin or Neo-Latin languages; such as Italian, French and Spanish.

Child portals: French literatureItalian literaturePortuguese literatureRomanian literatureSpanish literature

Subclass PR: English literature

Subclass PT: Germanic literature

Portrait of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Portrait of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Germanic literature covers works originally written in the Germanic languages, including Dutch, German, and Scandinavian literature.

Child portals: Danish literatureDutch literatureGerman literature (The Sorrows of Young Werther) • Old Norse literature

Subclass PZ: Fiction and juvenile belles lettres

Fiction and juvenile belles lettres in its modern sense, covers literary works that do not fall into other major categories.

Child portals: Children's fairy talesDisneyMiscellaneous materialNursery rhymes

External resources

External links