-ari
Basque edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Basque [Term?], a borrowing from Latin -ārium.[1][2]
Alternative forms edit
Suffix edit
-ari
- Used to create names of occupations from nouns.
- Used to form adverbs and nouns from nouns of time; every, each
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Alternative forms edit
Suffix edit
-ari
- Used in names of meals.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
From -a (definite article) + -(r)i (dative suffix).
Suffix edit
-ari
- Dative singular suffix.
Declension edit
References edit
- ^ Mitxelena, Koldo L. (1961) Fonética histórica vasca [Basque Historical Phonetics] (Obras completas de Luis Michelena; 1) (in Spanish), Diputación Foral de Guipuzkoa, published 1990, →ISBN, page 135
- ^ “-ari” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin -ārius. Doublet of -er.
Suffix edit
-ari (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ària, masculine plural -aris, feminine plural -àries)
- forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “of or related to the suffixed nouns”
- revolució (“revolution”) + -ari → revolucionari (“revolutionary”)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “-ari”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “-ari” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Faroese edit
Etymology edit
From the Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”), from Middle Low German [Term?], from Latin -ārius.
Suffix edit
-ari m (genitive singular -ara, plural -arar)
Declension edit
Declension of -ari | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
m1 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | -ari | -arin | -arar | -ararnir |
accusative | -ara | -aran | -arar | -ararnar |
dative | -ara | -aranum | -arum | -arunum |
genitive | -ara | -arans | -ara | -aranna |
Derived terms edit
Finnish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Mostly borrowed from Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”) (itself mostly from Latin -ārius) through its use in many loanwords. Partially from and reinforced by -ri.
Suffix edit
-ari (front vowel harmony variant -äri, linguistic notation -Ari)
- Used to create names of occupations from nouns or verbs.
- kartta (“map”) + -uri → kartturi (“navigator”)
- vaate (“garment”) + -uri → vaatturi (“tailor”)
- duunata (“to work”) + -ari → duunari (“worker”)
- puutarha (“garden”) + -uri → puutarhuri (“gardener”)
- urut (“organ”) + -uri → urkuri (“organist”)
- saha (“saw, sawmill”) + -uri → sahuri (“sawmill operator”)
- rokki (“rock music”) + -ari → rokkari (“rocker”)
- (colloquial) General denominal noun suffix.
- (colloquial) Denominal suffix used to clip nouns.
- ostoskeskus + -ari → ostari
- ryynimakkara + -ari → ryynäri
- poskisauhu + -ari → poskari
- (slang) Used to create terms meaning "supporter of something"
- kommunisti (“communist”) + -ari → kommari
- sosiaalidemokraatti (“social democrat”) + -ari → demari
Usage notes edit
- In slang clippings, the suffix may cause gemination of the preceding consonant if phonotactically possible.
Derived terms edit
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
From the Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”). This suffix is not Germanic, ultimately deriving from Latin -ārius through borrowings, and lives on in different guises in the Germanic languages, e.g., in the German -er, used for the same purpose.
Suffix edit
-ari m (genitive singular -ara, plural -arar)
Derived terms edit
Italian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
-ari m or f
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
-ari m
Etymology 3 edit
Suffix edit
-ari m
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈaː.riː/, [ˈäːriː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈa.ri/, [ˈäːri]
Etymology 1 edit
Apparently from a dative singular in -ī, the semantic shift being "for Xing" > "to be Xed".
Suffix edit
-ārī
- present passive infinitive of -ō (first conjugation)
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
-ārī
Old High German edit
Alternative forms edit
- -ari, -eri
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.
Suffix edit
-āri
- used to form agent nouns
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Germanic *warjaz.
Suffix edit
-āri
Descendants edit
- German: -er
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed as part of Medieval Latin and Middle Low German words. In both cases, it stems from Latin -ārius. The suffix -ari replaced the native suffix -i which was used for agent nouns before: skytari (“shooter, bowman”) instead of skyti (“shooter, bowman”), both derived from skjóta (“to shoot”).[1]
Suffix edit
-ari m
- a suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs
Usage notes edit
- -ari, while common in the descendant languages, is never found in the oldest poetry or Runic inscriptions and very rare in Old Norse. Native alternatives like -ir, -i and -andi are preferred.
Descendants edit
- Icelandic: -ari
- Faroese: -ari
- Norwegian Nynorsk: -ar; (dialectal) -ari, -are, -ær
- Old Swedish: -are, -ari
- Swedish: -are
- Danish: -er
- Norwegian Bokmål: -er
- → Estonian: -r
- → Finnish: -ari, -uri
References edit
- ^ Olav Næs (1952) Norsk Grammatikk — Ordlære, page 246
Old Saxon edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.
Suffix edit
-āri
- Forms masculine agent nouns from verbs: -er
- Forms masculine agent nouns from other nouns: -er
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | -āri | -ārios |
accusative | -āri | -ārios |
genitive | -āries | -āriō |
dative | -ārie | -ārium |
instrumental | — | — |
Descendants edit
References edit
- Köbler, Gerhard, Altsächsisches Wörterbuch (5th edition 2014)
Old Swedish edit
Suffix edit
-ari m
- Alternative form of -are
Declension edit
Romansch edit
Etymology edit
Suffix edit
-ari
- -ary (nominal suffix)