-ik

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ik"

Abenaki edit

Suffix edit

-ik

A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words.

Usage notes edit

Often used to form the plurals of words (especially nouns denoting people who have particular occupations or activities) which end in the consonant d or t (which causes the d or t to mutate into j: nodabônkad, "baker" → nodabônkajik, "bakers"); only rarely used to form the plurals of words ending in other letters (nodkwaag, notkwahag, "pilot" → nodkwaagik, notkwahagik, "pilots").
See the usage notes at -ak.

Azerbaijani edit

Suffix edit

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / Ə / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
postconsonantal	-ıq	-ik	-uq	-ük
postvocalic	-yıq	-yik	-yuq	-yük

-ik

First-person plural present simple copula
1. [we] are

Basque edit

Alternative forms edit

-rik (after vowels)

Suffix edit

-ik

Partitive suffix.
‎etxe (“house”) + ‎-ik → ‎etxerik (“any house?”)
Adverbial suffix, -ly
‎poz (“joy”) + ‎-ik → ‎pozik (“happy, happily”)

Declension edit

Basque inflectional suffixes
		indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive		-∅	-a	-ak	-ok
ergative		-(e)k	-ak	-ek	-ok
dative		-(r)i	-ari	-ei	-oi
genitive		-(r)en	-aren	-en	-on
comitative		-(r)ekin	-arekin	-ekin	-okin
causative		-(r)engatik	-arengatik	-engatik	-ongatik
benefactive		-(r)entzat	-arentzat	-entzat	-ontzat
instrumental		-(e)z	-az	-ez	-oz
inessive	anim.	-(r)engan	-arengan	-engan	-ongan
inessive	inanim.	-(e)tan	-an	-etan	-otan
locative	anim.	―	―	―	―
locative	inanim.	-(e)tako	-(e)ko	-etako	-otako
allative	anim.	-(r)engana	-arengana	-engana	-ongana
allative	inanim.	-(e)tara	-(e)ra	-etara	-otara
terminative	anim.	-(r)enganaino	-arenganaino	-enganaino	-onganaino
terminative	inanim.	-(e)taraino	-(e)raino	-etaraino	-otaraino
directive	anim.	-(r)enganantz	-arenganantz	-enganantz	-onganantz
directive	inanim.	-(e)tarantz	-(e)rantz	-etarantz	-otarantz
destinative	anim.	-(r)enganako	-arenganako	-enganako	-onganako
destinative	inanim.	-(e)tarako	-(e)rako	-etarako	-otarako
ablative	anim.	-(r)engandik	-arengandik	-engandik	-ongandik
ablative	inanim.	-(e)tatik	-(e)tik	-etik	-otik
partitive		-(r)ik	―	―	―
prolative		-tzat	―	―	―

Derived terms edit

Basque terms suffixed with -ik

References edit

“-ik” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

Estonian edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *-ikkoi.

Suffix edit

-ik (genitive -iku, partitive -ikut)

Derives nouns from numerals, with the meaning "group of".
kaks (“two”) → kaksik (“twin, group of two”)

kolm (“three”) → kolmik (“triplet, group of three”)

neli (“four”) → nelik (“quadruplet, four of a kind (poker), group of four”)

Declension edit

Declension of -ik (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		-ik	-ikud
accusative	nom.	-ik
accusative	gen.	-iku
genitive		-iku	-ikute
partitive		-ikut	-ikuid
illative		-ikusse	-ikutesse -ikuisse
inessive		-ikus	-ikutes -ikuis
elative		-ikust	-ikutest -ikuist
allative		-ikule	-ikutele -ikuile
adessive		-ikul	-ikutel -ikuil
ablative		-ikult	-ikutelt -ikuilt
translative		-ikuks	-ikuteks -ikuiks
terminative		-ikuni	-ikuteni
essive		-ikuna	-ikutena
abessive		-ikuta	-ikuteta
comitative		-ikuga	-ikutega

Derived terms edit

Estonian terms suffixed with -ik

German edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Latin -icus and Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /-ɪk/
Audio (file)

Suffix edit

-ik

forms feminine nouns referring to fields of study
forms feminine collective nouns
forms feminine nouns referring to characteristics

Derived terms edit

German terms suffixed with -ik

Hungarian edit

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “We seem to be missing an etym section for the intransitive (reflexive?) verb-forming suffix -ik, as documented in the Etymology section in -zik.”

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ik]
Rhymes: -ik

Etymology 1 edit

Adjective suffix.

Suffix edit

-ik

(adjective-forming suffix) A unique identification suffix (often used together with the definite article a/az (“the”)). Used with (chiefly comparative, sometimes superlative) adjectives, answering the question melyik? (“which?”), specifying one out of a specific set of things/persons.
más (“different”) ― (egy) másik (“another one”) ― a másik (“the other one”)

rosszabb (“worse”) → a rosszabbik (“the worse one”)

a kisebbik rossz(at választja) ― (to choose) the lesser of two evils

A nagyobbik szobában Péter lakik. ― Peter lives in the bigger room (out of a specific set of rooms).

Derived terms edit

Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -ik

Hungarian pronouns suffixed with -ik

Etymology 2 edit

Possessive suffix.

Suffix edit

-ik

possessive suffix for multiple possessions if there is no noun for the possessor:
1. their ……-s (third-person plural; the pronoun ő (“s/he”) (!) being optional for emphasis)
  kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik, az ő kapuik (“their gates”)
  
  érme (“coin”) → az érméik, az ő érméik (“their coins”)
2. (formal) your ……-s (second-person plural, grammatically resembling the third person plural)
  kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik (“your [formal, plural] gates”), alternatively: az önök kapui, a maguk kapui (!)
  
  érme (“coin”) → az érméik (“your [formal, plural] coins”), alternatively: az önök érméi, a maguk érméi (!)

Usage notes edit

(possessive suffix) Variants:
-ik is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

-aik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

-eik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant

-jaik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i

-jeik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i

Etymology 3 edit

Personal suffix.

Suffix edit

-ik

(personal suffix) The ending of a large group of passive/reflexive verbs in indefinite third-person singular present tense, their dictionary form.
Sokat utazik. ― S/he travels a lot.
(personal suffix) Used to form the definite third-person plural present indicative of (front-vowel) verbs.
Coordinate term: (for back-vowel verbs) -ják

Megnézik a filmet. ― They will see the movie. [from megnéz (“to look at, to see”), indicating a definite object, here required by a (“the”)]

Usage notes edit

The above two senses are usually not difficult to distinguish as long as one knows whether the lemma of the verb ends in -ik. If it does, it is usually not a transitive verb (since most -ik verbs have a passive or reflexive meaning) so it will be probably an (indefinite) singular. On the other hand, if the lemma of the verb has no -ik, the only option is the definite plural.

Eszik (“to eat”) is one of the few -ik verbs that are transitive. In such a case, one needs to rely on the definiteness of the object. For more details, see its Usage notes.

Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes

Person		Back vowel	Front vowel
Person		Back vowel	unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-ok	-ek	-ök
én	-ik verbs (optional)	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-sz
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-asz	-esz
	after s, sz, z, dz	-ol	-el	-öl
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	–
ő maga ön	-ik verbs	-ik
mi	1st person plural	-unk	-ünk
ti	2nd person plural	-tok	-tek	-tök
ti	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-otok	-etek	-ötök
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nak	-nek
ők maguk önök	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anak	-enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

(personal suffix, definite conjugation) See harmonic variants in the table below.

Present tense definite – personal endings

Person		Back vowel	Front vowel
Person		Back vowel	unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-od	-ed	-öd
ő maga ön	3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular	-ja	-i
mi	1st person plural	-juk	-jük
ti	2nd person plural	-játok	-itek
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural	-ják	-ik
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

Derived terms edit

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -ik

Indonesian edit

Etymology edit

From English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos.

Suffix edit

-ik

-ic.
analitik ― analytic

Usage notes edit

The suffix -ik often appears on loaned words from English. Many words with this suffix have synonyms with suffix -is which were loaned from Dutch. However, the Dutch-loaned -is is seemingly preferred over English-loaned -ik. Never used in chemical compound sense.

Derived terms edit

Category Indonesian terms suffixed with -ik not found

Related terms edit

Malay edit

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos.

Suffix edit

-ik (Jawi spelling -يک)

-ic.
saintifik ― scientific

Usage notes edit

The suffix -ik often appears in loanwords from English. Many words with this suffix have synonyms with the suffix -is many of which were loaned from Dutch through Indonesian, although not all of them are (e.g. gramatis).

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from English -ics.

Suffix edit

-ik (Jawi spelling -يک)

-ics.
linguistik ― linguistics

Derived terms edit

Category Malay terms suffixed with -ik not found

Related terms edit

Middle English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Suffix edit

-ik

Alternative form of -y

Etymology 2 edit

From Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Doublet of -y.

Alternative forms edit

-ike, -ique, -ic, -ice

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /iːk/, /ik/

Suffix edit

-ik

Forms nouns denoting a quality from adjectives; -ic.

Derived terms edit

Middle English terms suffixed with -ik

Descendants edit

English: -ic

References edit

“-ī̆k, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-11-2.

Old Polish edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ikъ.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /iːk/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ik/

Suffix edit

-ik

forms nouns, often diminutive

Derived terms edit

Old Polish terms suffixed with -ik

Descendants edit

Polish: -ik

Polish edit

Alternative forms edit

-yk

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old Polish -ik, from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ik/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ik
Syllabification: ik

Suffix edit

-ik m

forms nouns, often diminutive
‎słodki + ‎-ik → ‎słodzik

Declension edit

(personal nouns)

Declension of -ik

	singular	plural
nominative	-ik	-icy/-iki (deprecative)
genitive	-ika	-ików
dative	-ikowi	-ikom
accusative	-ika	-ików
instrumental	-ikiem	-ikami
locative	-iku	-ikach
vocative	-iku	-icy

(other nouns)

Declension of -ik

	singular	plural
nominative	-ik	-iki
genitive	-ika	-ików
dative	-ikowi	-ikom
accusative	-ik	-iki
instrumental	-ikiem	-ikami
locative	-iku	-ikach
vocative	-iku	-iki

Derived terms edit

Polish terms suffixed with -ik

Serbo-Croatian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

Suffix edit

-ik (Cyrillic spelling -ик)

Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer, place, object, tool or a feature.

Slovak edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ik]

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

Suffix edit

-ik m

alternative form of suffix -ík after roots in a long vowel or a diphthong
‎vták + ‎-ik → ‎vtáčik

‎hriešny + ‎-ik → ‎hriešnik

Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Latin -icus or Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).

Suffix edit

-ik m

fictive suffix in case when both an occupational name in -ik and its base noun were borrowed
‎akadémia + ‎-ik → ‎akademik

Related terms edit

-ička

Declension edit

Declension in case of an inanimate noun according to the declension pattern dub:

Declension of -ik

	singular	plural
nominative	-ik	-iky
genitive	-ika	-ikov
dative	-iku	-ikom
accusative	-ik	-iky
locative	-iku	-ikoch
instrumental	-ikom	-ikmi

Declension in case of an animate noun according to the declension pattern chlap:

Declension of -ik

	singular	plural
nominative	-ik	-ici
genitive	-ika	-ikov
dative	-ikovi	-ikom
accusative	-ika	-ikov
locative	-ikovi	-ikoch
instrumental	-ikom	-ikmi

Turkish edit

preceding vowel
A / I	E / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
-ık	-ik	-uk	-ük

Etymology 1 edit

From Ottoman Turkish ـیق (-ik), from Proto-Turkic *-uk.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ic/

Suffix edit

-ik

Form of -ık after the vowels E / İ.
‎değiş- (“intransitive; to change”) + ‎-ik → ‎değişik (“different, varied”)

Etymology 2 edit

From French -ique, from Latin -icus.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ic/

Suffix edit

-ik

-ic
-ical

Derived terms edit

Turkish terms suffixed with -ik

Veps edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Presumably related to Finnish -ko.

Particle edit

-ik

Interrogative particle. It is attached to the finite verb in yes-no questions, which is then placed first in the sentence.

Volapük edit

Suffix edit

-ik

Used to form adjectives and determiners.

-ik

Abenaki edit

Suffix edit

Usage notes edit

Azerbaijani edit

Suffix edit

Basque edit

Alternative forms edit

Suffix edit

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

References edit

Estonian edit

Etymology edit

Suffix edit

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

German edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Hungarian edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Suffix edit

Usage notes edit

Etymology 3 edit

Suffix edit

Usage notes edit

Derived terms edit

See also edit

Indonesian edit

Etymology edit

Suffix edit

Usage notes edit

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Malay edit

Etymology 1 edit

Suffix edit

Usage notes edit

Etymology 2 edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Middle English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Suffix edit

Etymology 2 edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

References edit

Old Polish edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Polish edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Serbo-Croatian edit

Etymology edit

Suffix edit

See also edit

Slovak edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit