asteroid
English edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From aster + -oid, lit. "star-like". Coined by William Herschel.
Noun edit
asteroid (plural asteroids)
- (astronomy) A naturally occurring solid object, which is smaller than a planet, larger than a meteoroid and not a comet, that orbits a star and often has an irregular shape.
- (astronomy) In the Solar system, such a body that orbits within the orbit of Jupiter
- 2007, Hannu Karttunen et al., editors, Fundamental Astronomy, 5th edition, page 131:
- The orbital planes of asteroids, minor bodies that circle the Sun mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, are often more tilted ...
Usage notes edit
The term "asteroid" has never been precisely defined. It was coined for objects which looked like stars in a telescope but moved like planets. These were known from the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, and were later found co-orbiting with Jupiter (Trojan asteroids) and within the orbit of Mars. They were naturally distinguished from comets, which did not look at all starlike. Starting in the 1970s, small non-cometary bodies were found outside the orbit of Jupiter, and usage became divided as to whether to call these "asteroids" as well. Some astronomers restrict the term "asteroid" to rocky or rocky-icy bodies with orbits up to Jupiter. They may retain the term planetoid for all small bodies, and thus tend to use it for icy or rocky-icy bodies beyond Jupiter, or may use dedicated words such as centaurs, Kuiper belt objects, transneptunian objects, etc. for the latter. Other astronomers use "asteroid" for all non-cometary bodies smaller than a planet, even large ones such as Sedna and (occasionally) Pluto. However, the distinction between asteroid and comet is an artificial one; many outer "asteroids" would become comets if they ventured nearer the Sun. The IAU terminology since 2006 has been small Solar System body for any body that orbits the Sun directly and whose shape is not dominated by gravity.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀστεροειδής (asteroeidḗs), from ἀστήρ (astḗr, “star”) + εἶδος (eîdos, “form”). Analyzable as aster- + -oid
Noun edit
asteroid (plural asteroids)
- (zoology) Any member of the taxonomic class Asteroidea; a starfish.
Further reading edit
- “asteroid”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “asteroid”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Anagrams edit
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
asteroid m inan
Declension edit
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | asteroid | asteroidy |
| genitive | asteroidu | asteroidů |
| dative | asteroidu | asteroidům |
| accusative | asteroid | asteroidy |
| vocative | asteroide | asteroidy |
| locative | asteroidu | asteroidech |
| instrumental | asteroidem | asteroidy |
Related terms edit
- See astro-
See also edit
Further reading edit
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
asteroid (genitive asteroidi, partitive asteroidi)
Declension edit
| Declension of asteroid (ÕS type 22e/riik, length gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | asteroid | asteroidid | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | asteroidi | ||
| genitive | asteroidide | ||
| partitive | asteroidi | asteroide asteroidisid | |
| illative | asteroidi asteroidisse |
asteroididesse asteroidesse | |
| inessive | asteroidis | asteroidides asteroides | |
| elative | asteroidist | asteroididest asteroidest | |
| allative | asteroidile | asteroididele asteroidele | |
| adessive | asteroidil | asteroididel asteroidel | |
| ablative | asteroidilt | asteroididelt asteroidelt | |
| translative | asteroidiks | asteroidideks asteroideks | |
| terminative | asteroidini | asteroidideni | |
| essive | asteroidina | asteroididena | |
| abessive | asteroidita | asteroidideta | |
| comitative | asteroidiga | asteroididega | |
Further reading edit
- “asteroid”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
astéroid (first-person possessive asteroidku, second-person possessive asteroidmu, third-person possessive asteroidnya)
Further reading edit
- “asteroid” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French astéroïde.
Noun edit
asteroid m (plural asteroizi)
Declension edit
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
| nominative/accusative | (un) asteroid | asteroidul | (niște) asteroizi | asteroizii |
| genitive/dative | (unui) asteroid | asteroidului | (unor) asteroizi | asteroizilor |
| vocative | asteroidule | asteroizilor | ||
Further reading edit
- asteroid in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Serbo-Croatian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
asteròīd m (Cyrillic spelling астеро̀ӣд)
Declension edit
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | asteròīd | asteroidi |
| genitive | asteroída | asteroida |
| dative | asteroidu | asteroidima |
| accusative | asteroid | asteroide |
| vocative | asteroide | asteroidi |
| locative | asteroidu | asteroidima |
| instrumental | asteroidom | asteroidima |
Further reading edit
- “asteroid” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Slovene edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
asteroȋd m inan
Inflection edit
 |
The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks. |
| Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | asteroȋd | ||
| gen. sing. | asteroȋda | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
asteroȋd | asteroȋda | asteroȋdi |
| genitive (rodȋlnik) |
asteroȋda | asteroȋdov | asteroȋdov |
| dative (dajȃlnik) |
asteroȋdu | asteroȋdoma | asteroȋdom |
| accusative (tožȋlnik) |
asteroȋd | asteroȋda | asteroȋde |
| locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
asteroȋdu | asteroȋdih | asteroȋdih |
| instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
asteroȋdom | asteroȋdoma | asteroȋdi |
Further reading edit
- “asteroid”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “asteroid”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
Swedish edit
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -iːd
Noun edit
asteroid c
Declension edit
| Declension of asteroid | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | asteroid | asteroiden | asteroider | asteroiderna |
| Genitive | asteroids | asteroidens | asteroiders | asteroidernas |