esse
English edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
esse (plural esses)
- Essence, essential nature.
- 1788, Emanuel Swedenborg, The Wisdom of Angels Concerning Divine Love and Divine Wisdom, London: […] W. Chalklen, page 136:
- Hence it is that the Univerſe, which was created from his Eſſe, and which regarded as to Uſes is his Image, obtained theſe three in all and ſingular the Things appertaining to it.
- 1801, Emanuel Swedenborg, Arcana Cœlestia: or, Heavenly Mysteries Contained in the Sacred Scriptures, or Word of the Lord, Manifested and Laid Open, volume X, London: […] J. Hodson, page 482:
- […] that is his proprium, since the esse of the life of man is his will;
- 1824–68, A[braham] J[ones] Le Cras, The Theological Contrast: or, Error Exposed, and Truth Elucidated, Being an Investigation into All the Systems of Religion, Now Propagated in the Whole World, London: […] Thomas Goyder, pages 95–97:
- In like manner Christians treading closely on the heels of Jews, notwithstanding all the divine miracles, which accompanied their first establishment, iu[sic] order to call them from the Deistical worship of a supreme esse, extended through all space, and to fix them in the exclusive acknowledgement of the one God in a divine human form, are equally guilty of idolatry, in worshipping Gods or persons, that have no real existence.
- 1961, Gerard Smith, Lottie H. Kendzierski, Philosophy of Being, The Macmillan Company, page 339:
- Essence is a being by an esse which the essence is. Substance is a being by an esse which the substance is. Ens is a being by an esse which the ens is.
- 2015, Christopher Hughes, Aquinas on Being, Goodness, and God, Routledge, page 62:
- Agreed, if there are as many esses in an individual as there are forms in that individual, then a plurality of substantial forms in an individual implies a plurality of substantial esses in that individual, just as a plurality of accidental forms in an individual implies a plurality of accidental esses in that individual.
Related terms edit
References edit
- James A. H. Murray [et al.], editors (1884–1928), “Esse”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volumes III (D–E), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 294.
Afrikaans edit
Noun edit
esse
Catalan edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
esse f (plural esses) (Valencia)
- Alternative form of essa
Further reading edit
- “esse” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Central Franconian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
esse (third-person singular present iss or itt, preterite oß, past participle jesse or jejesse)
Usage notes edit
- The second and third persons du itts, hä itt are attested for the formerly Low Franconian areas around Düsseldorf. These forms might now be obsolete.
Corsican edit
Alternative forms edit
- essa (Ultramontane)
Etymology edit
Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Inherited from Latin esse. Compare Italian essere, French être.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
esse (Cismontane)
- (copulative) to be
- (intransitive) to be (to exist)
- (intransitive) to be (to occupy a place)
- (auxiliary, + past participle) Forms the passive voice; to be
- (auxiliary, + past participle) Forms the perfect aspect of some verbs; to have
Conjugation edit
infinitive | esse | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | issendu | ||||||
past participle | statu | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | eiu | tù | ellu/ella | noi | voi | elli/elle | |
present | sò | sì | hè, ghjè | simu | site | sò | |
imperfect | era | eri | era | eramu | erate | eranu | |
simple past | fubbi, fui | fusti | fubbe, fù | fubbimu, fuimu | fuste | fubbenu | |
future | seraghju | serai, serè | serà | seremu | serete | seranu | |
subjunctive | eiu | tù | ellu/ella | noi | voi | elli/elle | |
present | sia | sia | sia | siamu | siate | sianu | |
imperfect | fussi | fussi | fussi | fussimu | fussite | fussinu | |
conditional | eiu | tù | ellu/ella | noi | voi | elli/elle | |
present | seria, serebbi | serii, seresti, seristi | seria, serebbe | seriamu, serebbimu | seriate, sereste, seriste | serianu, serebbenu | |
imperative | – | tù | – | noi | voi | – | |
— | sia | — | siamu | siate | — |
Descendants edit
References edit
- “esse, essa” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
esse m (plural esses)
- The name of the Latin-script letter S.
Further reading edit
- “esse”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Gallurese edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
esse
Conjugation edit
infinitive | simple | esse | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | esse + past participle | ||||||
gerund | simple | essendi, sendi | |||||
compound | essendi + past participle | ||||||
past participle | statu | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | eu | tu | iddu/idda | noi | voi | iddi | |
(simple tenses) | present | socu | sei | è | semu | seti | so |
imperfect | era, eru | eri | era | érami | érati | erani | |
preterite | fusi | fusti | fusi | fùsimi | fùsiti | fùsini | |
future | saragghju | sarai, saré | sarà | saremu | sareti | sarani | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of esse + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of esse + past participle | ||||||
preterite perfect | preterite indicative of esse + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of esse + past participle | ||||||
conditional | eu | tu | iddu/idda | noi | voi | iddi | |
present | saria | saristi | saria | sarìami | sarìati | sarìani | |
perfect | present conditional of esse + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | chi eu | chi tu | chi iddu/idda | chi noi | chi voi | chi iddi | |
(simple tenses) | present | sia | sii | sia | sìami | sìati | sìani |
imperfect | fùssia | fussi | fùssia | fùssimi | fùssiti | fùssini | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of esse + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of esse + past participle | ||||||
imperative | eu | tu | iddu/idda | noi | voi | iddi | |
— | sii | sia | sìami | sìati | sìani |
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Verb edit
esse
- inflection of essen:
Hunsrik edit
Alternative forms edit
- ëse (Wiesemann spelling system)
Etymology edit
From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
esse
- to eat
- Ich esse keen Fleisch.
- I don't eat meat.
- Heit esse-mer Fisch.
- Today we eat fish.
Inflection edit
infinitive | esse |
---|---|
past participle | gess |
auxiliary | hon |
present tense | |
1st person singular | esse |
2nd person singular | esst |
3rd person singular | essd |
1st person plural | esse |
2nd person plural | essd |
3rd person plural | esse |
imperative | |
2nd person singular | ess |
2nd person plural | essd |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Ingrian edit
Etymology edit
From estää (“to prevent”) + -e. Akin to Finnish este.
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈesːe/, [ˈe̞s̠ː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈesːe/, [ˈe̞ʃːe̞]
- Rhymes: -esː, -esːe
- Hyphenation: es‧se
Noun edit
esse
Declension edit
Declension of esse (type 6/lähe, st-ss gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | esse | esteet |
genitive | esteen | estein |
partitive | essettä | esteitä |
illative | esteesse | esteisse |
inessive | estees | esteis |
elative | esteest | esteist |
allative | esteelle | esteille |
adessive | esteel | esteil |
ablative | esteelt | esteilt |
translative | esteeks | esteiks |
essive | esteennä, esteen | esteinnä, estein |
exessive1) | esteent | esteint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
References edit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 36
Italian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Latin es (the name of the letter S).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
esse f or m (invariable)
- The name of the Latin-script letter S.; ess
Derived terms edit
See also edit
- (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, gei / i lunga, cappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu / vi, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon / i greca, zeta
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
esse f pl
See also edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Genitive | Disjunctive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | third | m | esso1, egli, elli3 | si, s' | lo, l' | gli | vi, v' | ne, n' | esso, sé |
f | essa, ella, Ella2 | la, l' | le, ella3 | essa, sé | |||||
Plural | third | m | essi, eglino3, ellino3, elli3 | si, s' | li | loro | vi, v' | ne, n' | essi, sé |
f | esse, elle3, elleno3 | le | esse, elle,3 sé | ||||||
1 | Refers predominantly to non-humans. | ||||||||
2 | Highly elevated variant of Lei. | ||||||||
3 | Archaic. |
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative forms edit
- essere (late)
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈes.se/, [ˈɛs̠ːɛ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈes.se/, [ˈɛsːe]
Verb edit
esse
Noun edit
esse m (indeclinable) (Medieval Latin)
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈeːs.se/, [ˈeːs̠ːɛ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈes.se/, [ˈɛsːe]
Verb edit
ēsse
References edit
- “esse”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- esse in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Old Irish edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
esse
Pennsylvania German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan, from Proto-West Germanic *etan. Compare German essen, Dutch eten, English eat, Swedish äta.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
esse
- to eat
Conjugation edit
infinitive | esse | |
---|---|---|
past participle | hot gesse | |
future tense | waerd esse | |
subjunctive | daet esse | |
present tense | ||
1st person singular | ess | |
2nd person singular | esscht | |
3rd person singular | esst | |
1st person plural | esse | |
2nd person plural | esst | |
3rd person plural | esse | |
imperative | du ess, dihr esst |
Piedmontese edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
esse
- to be
Conjugation edit
infinitive | esse |
---|---|
present gerundive | essend |
past participle | stàit |
Present indicative | Past indicative | Future indicative | Present subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Past
Historic |
Present Conditional | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person singular | i son | i j'era | i sarai | i sia | i fussa | I fure | i sarìa |
Second-person singular | it ses | it j'ere | it saras | it sie | it fusse | it fùrës | it sarìe |
Third-person singular | a l'é | a l'era | a sarà | a sia | a fussa | fur | a sarìa |
First-person plural | i soma | i j'ero | i saroma | i sio | i fusso | furo | i sarìo |
Second-person plural | i seve | i j'ere | i sareve | i sie | i fusse | i fùrës | i sarìe |
Third-person plural | a son | a j'ero | i saran | a sio | a fusso | a furo | a sarìo |
Portuguese edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese esse, from Latin ipse (“himself”).
Alternative forms edit
- êsse (superseded)
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: es‧se
Audio (Brazil - São Paulo) (file)
Determiner edit
esse (feminine essa, masculine plural esses, feminine plural essas)
- that (near you)
- Esse chapéu está limpo?
- Is that hat clean?
- (Brazil) this (near me)
- Esse livro é muito bom.
- This book is very good.
Pronoun edit
esse (feminine essa, masculine plural esses, feminine plural essas, neuter isso) (definite demonstrative pronoun)
- that, that one (near you)
- that (that one); this (this one) (indicates something already mentioned or understood from context)
- Esse é o segredo para vencer.
- This is the secret to winning.
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:esse.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Portuguese demonstratives (edit) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pronouns | Adverbs | ||||||
Singular | Plural | Neuter | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
Proximal | X | este | esta | estes | estas | isto | aqui, cá |
de + X | deste | desta | destes | destas | disto | daqui | |
em + X | neste | nesta | nestes | nestas | nisto | — | |
Medial | X | esse | essa | esses | essas | isso | aí |
de + X | desse | dessa | desses | dessas | disso | daí | |
em + X | nesse | nessa | nesses | nessas | nisso | — | |
Distal | X | aquele | aquela | aqueles | aquelas | aquilo | ali, lá, acolá |
de + X | daquele | daquela | daqueles | daquelas | daquilo | dali | |
em + X | naquele | naquela | naqueles | naquelas | naquilo | — | |
a + X | àquele | àquela | àqueles | àquelas | àquilo | ||
Anaphoric | X | o | a | os | as | — | — |
de + X | do | da | dos | das | |||
em + X | no | na | nos | nas | |||
a + X | ao | à | aos | às |
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: es‧se
Noun edit
esse m (plural esses)
- The name of the Latin-script letter S.
- something shaped like the letter S
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:esse.
Swedish edit
Noun edit
esse n
- Only used in vara i sitt esse
References edit
Tatar edit
Adjective edit
esse
Walloon edit
Etymology edit
From Old French estre, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
esse
- to be
Conjugation edit
infinitive | esse (or iesse) / sey | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | estant | ||||||
auxiliary | aveur | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | sti | — | |||||
plural | — | — | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | dji (dj') | ti (t') | i (il) / ele | dji (dj') / nos | vos | i (il) | |
present | so | es | est | estans | estoz | sont | |
imperfect | ere / î / esteu | eres / îs / esteus | ere / ît / esteut | esténs | estîz | estént | |
preterit | esta / fouri | estas/ fouris | esta / fourit | estîs / fourîns | estîz / fourîz | estît / fourît | |
future | serè | serès | serè | serans | seroz | seront | |
conditional | sereu | sereus | sereut | seréns | serîz | serént | |
subjunctive | ki dj' | ki t' | k' i (il) / k' ele | ki dj' / ki nos | ki vos | k' i (il) | |
present | soeye / fouxhe | soeyes / fouxhes | soeye / fouxhe | soeyanxhe / fouxhanxhe | soeyoxhe / fouxhoxhe | soeyèxhe / fouxhnuxhe | |
imperfect | estaxhe / fouxhe / fourixhe | estaxhes / fouxhes / fourixhes | estaxhe / fouxhe / fourixhe | estaxhénxhe / fouxhénxhe | estaxhîxhe / fouxhîxhe | estaxhénxhe / fouxhénxhe | |
imperative | — | ti | — | dji / nos | vos | — | |
affirmative | soey / fouxhe | soeyans / fouxhans | soeyoz / fouxhoz |