See also: Iris, IRIs, íris, Íris, and iris-

English edit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology edit

From Middle English [Term?], from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, rainbow), possibly from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *w(e)ih₁-ro- (a twist, thread, cord, wire), from *weh₁y- (to turn, twist, weave, plait). If so, it would be cognate to English wire.

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Online Etymology Dictionary: The eye region was so called (early 15c. in English) for being the part that gives color to the eye; the Greek word was used of any brightly colored circle, "as that round the eyes of a peacock's tail" [Liddell & Scott]”

Pronunciation edit

  • enPR: ī'rĭs, IPA(key): /ˈaɪ.ɹɪs/
  • (Canada) IPA(key): /aɪɹɪs/, /ʌɪɹɪs/, [əɪɹɪs]
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -aɪɹɪs

Noun edit

 
A plant of the genus Iris.
 
Illustration showing parts of the human eye, including the iris.
 
Frontal view of the iris of a human eye.

iris (plural irises or iris or irides) (See Usage notes)

  1. (botany) A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See   Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
    • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Afterglow”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 168:
      Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.
  2. (anatomy) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, which adjusts to control the amount of light reaching the retina, and which forms the colored portion of the eye (See   Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
  3. (photography, cinematography) A diaphragm used to regulate the size of a hole, especially as a way of controlling the amount of light reaching a lens.
  4. (poetic) A rainbow, or other colourful refraction of light.
  5. (electronics) A constricted opening in the path inside a waveguide, used to form a resonator.
  6. (zoology) The inner circle of an oscillated color spot.

Usage notes edit

  • For the part of the eye, the most common plural is irises, though irides is usual in medical contexts.
  • For the flower both iris and irises are in common use.

Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:iris.

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Translations edit

Further reading edit

Verb edit

iris (third-person singular simple present irises, present participle irising, simple past and past participle irised)

  1. (of an aperture, lens, or door) To open or close in the manner of an iris.
  2. (literary) To cause (something) to shine with the colours of the rainbow; to make iridescent.
    Synonym: iridize
    • 1834, Jacob Abbott, chapter 1, in The Corner-Stone[1], Boston: William Peirce, page 31:
      Pure, transparent, glistening in the sun, and irised by a thousand hues, which float and wave and spread in graceful and ceaseless motion on its surface!
    • 1987, Charles Tomlinson, “Winter Journey”, in The Return[2], Oxford University Press, page 35:
      The sun as it comes indoors out of space
      Has left a rainbow irising each glass—
      A refraction, caught then multiplied
      From the crystal tied within our window,

Derived terms edit

Anagrams edit

Bikol Central edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ʔiˈɾis/, [ʔiˈɾis]
  • Hyphenation: i‧ris

Noun edit

irís (Basahan spelling ᜁᜍᜒᜐ᜔)

  1. (anatomy) side of the body
    Synonyms: tagiliran, hirog

Catalan edit

Etymology edit

Learned borrowing from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

iris m (invariable)

  1. iris (part of the eye)

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Further reading edit

Dutch edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Latin īris or Middle French iris (itself from Latin), from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

iris f (plural irissen, diminutive irisje n)

  1. (anatomy) iris (coloured part of the eye)
    Synonym: regenboogvlies
  2. Synonym of lis (plant of genus Iris)

Esperanto edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

iris

  1. past of iri

French edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

iris m (plural iris)

  1. iris

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Ido edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

iris

  1. past of irar

Indonesian edit

Noun edit

iris (first-person possessive irisku, second-person possessive irismu, third-person possessive irisnya)

  1. slice

Verb edit

mengiris

  1. to slice

Irish edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Irish iris f (a thong or strap (from which a shield, bag, etc. is suspended)).[2]

Noun edit

iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí or irseacha or irste)

  1. strap, sling (for carrying)
Declension edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Old Irish iress (religion, creed, the (true) faith).[3]

Noun edit

iris f (genitive singular irise)

  1. (literary) belief, faith, religion
Declension edit
Alternative forms edit

Etymology 3 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun edit

iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí)

  1. Alternative form of oireas
  2. magazine, journal
    Synonym: irisleabhar
  3. gazette
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit

Etymology 4 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun edit

iris m

  1. inflection of ireas (iris):
    1. genitive/vocative singular
    2. nominative/dative plural

Mutation edit

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
iris n-iris hiris not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References edit

  1. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 43
  2. ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “iris”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ires(s)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading edit

Italian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈi.ris/
  • Rhymes: -iris
  • Hyphenation: ì‧ris

Noun edit

iris m or f (invariable)

  1. iris (flower)
    Synonyms: giaggiolo, iride

Anagrams edit

Latin edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

īris f (genitive īris or īridis); third declension

  1. rainbow
    • Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Apocalypsis [Revelation] 10:1:
      et vīdī alium angelum fortem dēscendentem dē caelō amictum nūbe, et īris in capite eius, et faciēs eius erat ut sōl, et pedēs eius tamquam columna ignis
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension edit

Third-declension noun (i-stem or imparisyllabic non-i-stem; two different stems).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative īris īrēs
īridēs
Genitive īris
īridis
īrium
īridum
Dative īrī
īridī
īribus
īridibus
Accusative īrem
īrim
īrin
īridem
īrēs
īrīs
īridēs
Ablative īre
īride
īribus
īridibus
Vocative īris īrēs
īridēs

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

īrīs

  1. dative/ablative plural of īra

Norwegian Bokmål edit

 
Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no
 
Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, rainbow).

Noun edit

iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural iriser, definite plural irisene)

  1. (botany) an iris (flower)
  2. (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye)
    Synonym: regnbuehinne

References edit

Norwegian Nynorsk edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, rainbow).

Noun edit

iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural irisar, definite plural irisane)

  1. (botany) an iris (flower)
  2. (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye)
    Synonym: regnbogehinne

References edit

Old Irish edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

iris

  1. Alternative spelling of iriss: accusative/dative singular of ires

Mutation edit

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
iris unchanged n-iris
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Portuguese edit

Noun edit

iris f (invariable)

  1. Obsolete spelling of íris

Romanian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from French iris, Latin iris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Noun edit

iris n (plural irisuri)

  1. (anatomy) iris (of the eye)

Declension edit

Noun edit

iris n (plural iriși)

  1. (botany) iris (flower)
    Synonyms: stânjenel, stânjen

Declension edit

Scottish Gaelic edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Irish iris.

Noun edit

iris f (genitive singular irise, plural irisean)

  1. magazine, periodical
    Synonym: ràitheachan

Mutation edit

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
iris n-iris h-iris t-iris
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Spanish edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈiɾis/ [ˈi.ɾis]
  • Rhymes: -iɾis
  • Syllabification: i‧ris

Noun edit

iris m (plural iris or írises)

  1. (anatomy) iris

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Further reading edit