iris
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English [Term?], from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”), possibly from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *w(e)ih₁-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁y- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). If so, it would be cognate to English wire.
Pronunciation edit
- enPR: ī'rĭs, IPA(key): /ˈaɪ.ɹɪs/
- (Canada) IPA(key): /aɪɹɪs/, /ʌɪɹɪs/, [əɪɹɪs]
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -aɪɹɪs
Noun edit
iris (plural irises or iris or irides) (See Usage notes)
- (botany) A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
- 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Afterglow”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 168:
- Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.
- (anatomy) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, which adjusts to control the amount of light reaching the retina, and which forms the colored portion of the eye (See Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
- (photography, cinematography) A diaphragm used to regulate the size of a hole, especially as a way of controlling the amount of light reaching a lens.
- (poetic) A rainbow, or other colourful refraction of light.
- (electronics) A constricted opening in the path inside a waveguide, used to form a resonator.
- (zoology) The inner circle of an oscillated color spot.
Usage notes edit
- For the part of the eye, the most common plural is irises, though irides is usual in medical contexts.
- For the flower both iris and irises are in common use.
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:iris.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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Further reading edit
- Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Verb edit
iris (third-person singular simple present irises, present participle irising, simple past and past participle irised)
- (of an aperture, lens, or door) To open or close in the manner of an iris.
- (literary) To cause (something) to shine with the colours of the rainbow; to make iridescent.
- Synonym: iridize
- 1834, Jacob Abbott, chapter 1, in The Corner-Stone[1], Boston: William Peirce, page 31:
- Pure, transparent, glistening in the sun, and irised by a thousand hues, which float and wave and spread in graceful and ceaseless motion on its surface!
- 1987, Charles Tomlinson, “Winter Journey”, in The Return[2], Oxford University Press, page 35:
- The sun as it comes indoors out of space
Has left a rainbow irising each glass—
A refraction, caught then multiplied
From the crystal tied within our window,
Derived terms edit
Anagrams edit
Bikol Central edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
irís (Basahan spelling ᜁᜍᜒᜐ᜔)
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
iris m (invariable)
- iris (part of the eye)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “iris” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin īris or Middle French iris (itself from Latin), from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
iris f (plural irissen, diminutive irisje n)
- (anatomy) iris (coloured part of the eye)
- Synonym: regenboogvlies
- Synonym of lis (“plant of genus Iris”)
Esperanto edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Verb edit
iris
- past of iri
French edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
iris m (plural iris)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “iris”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Ido edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
iris
- past of irar
Indonesian edit
Noun edit
iris (first-person possessive irisku, second-person possessive irismu, third-person possessive irisnya)
Verb edit
mengiris
- to slice
Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Irish iris f (“a thong or strap (from which a shield, bag, etc. is suspended)”).[2]
Noun edit
iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí or irseacha or irste)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Irish iress (“religion, creed, the (true) faith”).[3]
Noun edit
iris f (genitive singular irise)
Declension edit
Bare forms (no plural form of this noun)
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Forms with the definite article
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Alternative forms edit
Etymology 3 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí)
- Alternative form of oireas
- magazine, journal
- Synonym: irisleabhar
- gazette
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- iris mhíosúil f (“monthly magazine”)
- iris oifigiúil f (“official gazette”)
- iris trádála f (“trade journal”)
- iriseoir m (“journalist”)
Related terms edit
- iriseoireacht f (“journalism”)
Etymology 4 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
iris m
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
iris | n-iris | hiris | not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 43
- ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “iris”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ires(s)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “iris”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “iris” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “iris” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Italian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
iris m or f (invariable)
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈiː.ris/, [ˈiːrɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈi.ris/, [ˈiːris]
Noun edit
īris f (genitive īris or īridis); third declension
- rainbow
- Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Apocalypsis [Revelation] 10:1:
- et vīdī alium angelum fortem dēscendentem dē caelō amictum nūbe, et īris in capite eius, et faciēs eius erat ut sōl, et pedēs eius tamquam columna ignis
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension edit
Third-declension noun (i-stem or imparisyllabic non-i-stem; two different stems).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | īris | īrēs īridēs |
Genitive | īris īridis |
īrium īridum |
Dative | īrī īridī |
īribus īridibus |
Accusative | īrem īrim īrin īridem |
īrēs īrīs īridēs |
Ablative | īre īride |
īribus īridibus |
Vocative | īris | īrēs īridēs |
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈiː.riːs/, [ˈiːriːs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈi.ris/, [ˈiːris]
Noun edit
īrīs
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”).
Noun edit
iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural iriser, definite plural irisene)
- (botany) an iris (flower)
- (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye)
- Synonym: regnbuehinne
References edit
- “iris” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”).
Noun edit
iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural irisar, definite plural irisane)
- (botany) an iris (flower)
- (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye)
- Synonym: regnbogehinne
References edit
- “iris” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
iris
- Alternative spelling of iriss: accusative/dative singular of ires
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
iris | unchanged | n-iris |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Portuguese edit
Noun edit
iris f (invariable)
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French iris, Latin iris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).
Noun edit
iris n (plural irisuri)
Declension edit
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) iris | irisul | (niște) irisuri | irisurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) iris | irisului | (unor) irisuri | irisurilor |
vocative | irisule | irisurilor |
Noun edit
iris n (plural iriși)
Declension edit
Scottish Gaelic edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Irish iris.
Noun edit
iris f (genitive singular irise, plural irisean)
- magazine, periodical
- Synonym: ràitheachan
Mutation edit
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
iris | n-iris | h-iris | t-iris |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
iris m (plural iris or írises)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “iris”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014