Wiktionary

para

See also: Appendix:Variations of "para"

English edit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian pàra/па̀ра, from Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

Pronunciation edit

  • (UK) enPR: päʹrə, IPA(key): /ˈpɑːɹə/
    • Audio (Southern England)(file)
  • (US) enPR: pärʹə, IPA(key): /ˈpɑːɹə/
  • Rhymes: -ɑːɹə

Noun edit

para (plural paras)

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
  1. (historical) A former subunit of currency in several countries in the Ottoman/Turkish and Yugoslav regions.
Translations edit

Etymology 2 edit

The second part of words such as primipara and multipara

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈpæɹə/, /ˈpɑːɹə/

Noun edit

para (plural paras)

  1. (medicine) A woman who has given birth or brought pregnancies to viable gestational age a certain number of times, indicated by the number prepended to this word.
Related terms edit
See also edit

Etymology 3 edit

Clippings.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

para (plural paras)

  1. Clipping of paragraph.
  2. (military) Clipping of paratrooper.
    • 2023 September 26, Dan Sabbagh, “Family of dead para launch legal challenge to Northern Ireland legacy legislation”, in The Guardian‎[2], →ISSN:
      Family of dead para launch legal challenge to Northern Ireland legacy legislation [title]
  3. (US, education, informal) Clipping of paraprofessional educator.
  4. Clipping of paraplegic.
    • 2010, Shelley Lynn Tremain, editor, Foucault and the Government of Disability:
      The problems that male paras encounter in relation to bladder management pale in significance when placed alongside the problems with bladder management that female paraplegics experience. For women paras, attempts are made to train the bladder to empty itself at regular intervals; however, accidents do happen.

Etymology 4 edit

Shortened from paralytic

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

para (comparative more para, superlative most para)

  1. (UK, Australia, slang) very drunk
Synonyms edit

Etymology 5 edit

Noun edit

para

  1. (New Zealand) Synonym of king fern (“the plant Ptisana salicina”)

See also edit

Anagrams edit

'Are'are edit

Noun edit

para

  1. fishhook

Verb edit

para

  1. be white

References edit

Albanian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Back formation from përpara, from Proto-Albanian *pər-parə-a, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥H-e/o-s (“before, in front”)

Preposition edit

para (+ablative)

  1. before
    para afatit
    before the deadline
  2. ago
    para dy shekujsh
    two centuries ago
  3. (physical position) in front of
    para një pasqyre
    in front of a mirror
  4. (presence) in front of, in the presence of
    para klasës
    in front of the class
Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

Noun edit

para f (plural para, definite paraja, definite plural paratë)

  1. money

Asturian edit

Verb edit

para

  1. third-person singular present indicative of parar
  2. second-person singular imperative of parar

Bikol Central edit

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from Spanish parar (“to stop”).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈpaɾa/, [ˈpa.ɾa]
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Interjection edit

pára (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)

  1. stop! (used as a command to stop a vehicle)

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Spanish para (“for”).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈpaɾa/, [ˈpa.ɾa]
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Preposition edit

pára (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)

  1. for
    Para sain ini?
    What's this for?

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈpaɾaʔ/, [ˈpa.ɾaʔ]
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Preposition edit

parà (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)

  1. because of
    Para kaiyan?
    Because of that?

Etymology 4 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈpaɾaʔ/, [ˈpa.ɾaʔ]
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Noun edit

parà (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)

  1. erasure
Derived terms edit

Catalan edit

Verb edit

para

  1. inflection of parar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Cebuano edit

Pronunciation edit

  • Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Verb edit

para

  1. to flag down; to signal to, especially to stop a passing vehicle etc.
  2. to signal a driver to stop in order for one to alight a vehicle

Preposition edit

para

  1. for

Crimean Tatar edit

Etymology edit

Alternative scripts
Arabic پاره
Cyrillic пара
Latin para

From Persian پاره (pâre).

Noun edit

para

  1. cash, money

Declension edit

Declension of para
nominative para
genitive paranıñ
dative parağa
accusative paranı
locative parada
ablative paradan

Synonyms edit

Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from English para (paratrooper).

Noun edit

para f or m (plural para's)

  1. para (paratrooper)
Synonyms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Clipping of paranoïde

Adjective edit

para (comparative paraer, superlative para'st)

  1. (informal) Synonym of paranoïde

Esperanto edit

Etymology edit

From paro (“pair”) +‎ -a.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈpara]
  • Rhymes: -ara
  • Hyphenation: par‧a

Adjective edit

para (accusative singular paran, plural paraj, accusative plural parajn)

  1. even (not odd)
  2. paired

Finnish edit

Etymology edit

Probably borrowed from North Germanic, from the same origin as Swedish bära (“to carry, bear”).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɑrɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝rɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ɑrɑ
  • Syllabification(key): pa‧ra

Noun edit

para

  1. (witchcraft) A being created to bring milk or butter to its creator.

Declension edit

Inflection of para (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative para parat
genitive paran parojen
partitive paraa paroja
illative paraan paroihin
singular plural
nominative para parat
accusative nom. para parat
gen. paran
genitive paran parojen
parainrare
partitive paraa paroja
inessive parassa paroissa
elative parasta paroista
illative paraan paroihin
adessive paralla paroilla
ablative paralta paroilta
allative paralle paroille
essive parana paroina
translative paraksi paroiksi
abessive paratta paroitta
instructive — paroin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of para (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative parani parani
accusative nom. parani parani
gen. parani
genitive parani parojeni
parainirare
partitive paraani parojani
inessive parassani paroissani
elative parastani paroistani
illative paraani paroihini
adessive parallani paroillani
ablative paraltani paroiltani
allative paralleni paroilleni
essive paranani paroinani
translative parakseni paroikseni
abessive parattani paroittani
instructive — —
comitative — paroineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative parasi parasi
accusative nom. parasi parasi
gen. parasi
genitive parasi parojesi
paraisirare
partitive paraasi parojasi
inessive parassasi paroissasi
elative parastasi paroistasi
illative paraasi paroihisi
adessive parallasi paroillasi
ablative paraltasi paroiltasi
allative parallesi paroillesi
essive paranasi paroinasi
translative paraksesi paroiksesi
abessive parattasi paroittasi
instructive — —
comitative — paroinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative paramme paramme
accusative nom. paramme paramme
gen. paramme
genitive paramme parojemme
paraimmerare
partitive paraamme parojamme
inessive parassamme paroissamme
elative parastamme paroistamme
illative paraamme paroihimme
adessive parallamme paroillamme
ablative paraltamme paroiltamme
allative parallemme paroillemme
essive paranamme paroinamme
translative paraksemme paroiksemme
abessive parattamme paroittamme
instructive — —
comitative — paroinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative paranne paranne
accusative nom. paranne paranne
gen. paranne
genitive paranne parojenne
parainnerare
partitive paraanne parojanne
inessive parassanne paroissanne
elative parastanne paroistanne
illative paraanne paroihinne
adessive parallanne paroillanne
ablative paraltanne paroiltanne
allative parallenne paroillenne
essive parananne paroinanne
translative paraksenne paroiksenne
abessive parattanne paroittanne
instructive — —
comitative — paroinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative paransa paransa
accusative nom. paransa paransa
gen. paransa
genitive paransa parojensa
parainsarare
partitive paraansa parojaan
parojansa
inessive parassaan
parassansa 		paroissaan
paroissansa
elative parastaan
parastansa 		paroistaan
paroistansa
illative paraansa paroihinsa
adessive parallaan
parallansa 		paroillaan
paroillansa
ablative paraltaan
paraltansa 		paroiltaan
paroiltansa
allative paralleen
parallensa 		paroilleen
paroillensa
essive paranaan
paranansa 		paroinaan
paroinansa
translative parakseen
paraksensa 		paroikseen
paroiksensa
abessive parattaan
parattansa 		paroittaan
paroittansa
instructive — —
comitative — paroineen
paroinensa

Derived terms edit

compounds

Further reading edit

Anagrams edit

French edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

para

  1. third-person singular past historic of parer

Anagrams edit

Galician edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese pera, para, from Latin per (“through”) + ad (“to”).

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

para

  1. for (directed at, intended to belong to)
  2. for (to obtain)
  3. to, toward (indicating destination)
  4. for (by the standards of)
  5. (after a form of estar) about to
Usage notes edit

In spoken language this preposition frequently contracts with the next word, especially with articles and pronouns, but today these contraction are not usually represented in the written language.

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Deverbal from parar (“to prepare”). Cognate with Portuguese apara.

 
Paras de pataca ("potato peelings")

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

para f (plural paras)

  1. peeling (of a fruit, vegetable, cheese)
    Synonyms: carapa, carapela, casca, monda, paraza, pela, peladura, peleca, plana, tona
  2. shaving, woodshaving
    Synonyms: labra, lasca
Related terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

Verb edit

para

  1. inflection of parar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative
  2. (reintegrationist norm) inflection of parir:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

References edit

  • “para” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “para” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “para” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “para” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “para” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Gamo edit

Noun edit

para

  1. horse

References edit

  • Corinna Handschuh, A typology of marked-S languages

Guaraní edit

 
Guaraní Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia gn

Etymology edit

Cognate with Old Tupi pará.

Noun edit

para

  1. sea

Hungarian edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈpɒrɒ]
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ra
  • Rhymes: -rɒ

Etymology 1 edit

Of uncertain origin.

Noun edit

para (usually uncountable, plural parák)

  2. suber, cork
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative para parák
accusative parát parákat
dative parának paráknak
instrumental parával parákkal
causal-final paráért parákért
translative parává parákká
terminative paráig parákig
essive-formal paraként parákként
essive-modal — —
inessive parában parákban
superessive parán parákon
adessive paránál paráknál
illative parába parákba
sublative parára parákra
allative parához parákhoz
elative parából parákból
delative paráról parákról
ablative parától paráktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		paráé paráké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		paráéi parákéi
Possessive forms of para
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. parám paráim
2nd person sing. parád paráid
3rd person sing. parája parái
1st person plural paránk paráink
2nd person plural parátok paráitok
3rd person plural parájuk paráik
Derived terms edit
Compound words

Etymology 2 edit

Perhaps from paranoia.

Noun edit

para

  2. (slang) fear
    Synonyms: félelem, rettegés
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative para parák
accusative parát parákat
dative parának paráknak
instrumental parával parákkal
causal-final paráért parákért
translative parává parákká
terminative paráig parákig
essive-formal paraként parákként
essive-modal — —
inessive parában parákban
superessive parán parákon
adessive paránál paráknál
illative parába parákba
sublative parára parákra
allative parához parákhoz
elative parából parákból
delative paráról parákról
ablative parától paráktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		paráé paráké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		paráéi parákéi
Possessive forms of para
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. parám paráim
2nd person sing. parád paráid
3rd person sing. parája parái
1st person plural paránk paráink
2nd person plural parátok paráitok
3rd person plural parájuk paráik
Derived terms edit

Adjective edit

para (comparative parább, superlative legparább)

  1. (slang) scary, spooky, sinister, dark
    Synonyms: félelmetes, rémisztő, ijesztő, baljós
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative para parák
accusative parát parákat
dative parának paráknak
instrumental parával parákkal
causal-final paráért parákért
translative parává parákká
terminative paráig parákig
essive-formal paraként parákként
essive-modal — —
inessive parában parákban
superessive parán parákon
adessive paránál paráknál
illative parába parákba
sublative parára parákra
allative parához parákhoz
elative parából parákból
delative paráról parákról
ablative parától paráktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		paráé paráké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		paráéi parákéi

Etymology 3 edit

From paraméter.

Noun edit

para

  2. (slang) (physical) parameter (height, weight, and age, often asked at the beginning of online dating)
    Synonym: paraméter
    Mik a paráid? ― What are your parameters?
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative para parák
accusative parát parákat
dative parának paráknak
instrumental parával parákkal
causal-final paráért parákért
translative parává parákká
terminative paráig parákig
essive-formal paraként parákként
essive-modal — —
inessive parában parákban
superessive parán parákon
adessive paránál paráknál
illative parába parákba
sublative parára parákra
allative parához parákhoz
elative parából parákból
delative paráról parákról
ablative parától paráktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		paráé paráké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		paráéi parákéi
Possessive forms of para
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. parám paráim
2nd person sing. parád paráid
3rd person sing. parája parái
1st person plural paránk paráink
2nd person plural parátok paráitok
3rd person plural parájuk paráik

Etymology 4 edit

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (para, “money”), from Persian پاره (pâre, “piece”).

Noun edit

para (plural parák)

  2. para (a subunit of Ottoman currency)
Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Ido edit

Adjective edit

para

  1. (mathematics) even

Antonyms edit

Indonesian edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paRa (collective particle). Compare Acehnese para (“horde, troop”).

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

para

  1. definitive particle used to denote that the word preceded is plural
    para siswa ― students

Usage notes edit

  • This particle is only used in human nouns. Plural forms of other nouns are formed by reduplication.

See also edit

Ingrian edit

 
Para.

Etymology edit

Akin to Finnish para and Karelian para.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

para

  1. (folklore) troll cat (being designed to bring milk to its creator)

Declension edit

Declension of para (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative para parat
genitive paran parroin
partitive parraa paroja
illative parraa parroi
inessive paras parois
elative parast paroist
allative paralle paroille
adessive paral paroil
ablative paralt paroilt
translative paraks paroiks
essive paranna, parraan paroinna, parroin
exessive1) parant paroint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References edit

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 383

Italian edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈpa.ra/
  • Rhymes: -ara
  • Hyphenation: pà‧ra

Etymology 1 edit

From Pará, Brazil, where it is produced.

Noun edit

para f (plural pare)

  1. crepe rubber
  2. crepe (for shoes)

Etymology 2 edit

Clipping.

Noun edit

para f (uncountable)

  1. (slang) paranoia

Etymology 3 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

para

  1. inflection of parare:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams edit

Javanese edit

Article edit

para

  1. marker of group or collectivity

Kabuverdianu edit

Etymology edit

From Portuguese parar.

Verb edit

para

  1. to stop

Kashubian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pàra. By surface analysis, deverbal from parzëc.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈpara/
  • Syllabification: pa‧ra

Noun edit

para f

  1. steam (vapor formed when water changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase)
    Synonym: ropa

Further reading edit

  • Bernard Sychta (1967-1973) “para”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich, volume 4, page 27
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “para woda”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[4]
  • “para”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Latin edit

Verb edit

parā

  1. second-person singular present active imperative of parō

References edit

  • para in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • "para", in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

Lithuanian edit

Noun edit

para f

  1. 24 hours (day)
    Aš manau kad užtruks apie vieną parą.
    I think it will take about 24 hours.

Malay edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paRa (collective particle). Compare Acehnese para (“horde, troop”).

Prefix edit

para (Jawi spelling ڤارا)

  1. definitive prefix used to denote that the word preceded is plural
    para murid ― students
Descendants edit
  • Indonesian: para

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Austronesian *paRa (“storage shelf; attic, loft”). Compare Tagalog pága (“storage loft made of bamboo attached to ceiling”).

Noun edit

para (Jawi spelling ڤارا, plural para-para, informal 1st possessive paraku, 2nd possessive paramu, 3rd possessive paranya)

  1. shelf
    Synonym: rak
    para buku ― bookshelf
  2. rubber (of the material)
    Synonyms: getah, karet
    nilai para ― value of rubber
Descendants edit

Further reading edit

  • “para” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
  • Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*paRa₂”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
  • Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*paRa₁”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary

Masurian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old Polish para (“steam”). By surface analysis, deverbal from parżicz.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈpara]
  • Syllabification: pa‧ra

Noun edit

para f

  1. steam (vapor formed when water changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase)
  2. breath

Further reading edit

  • Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2021) “I. para”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur‎[5], volume 6, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, page 29

Norwegian Bokmål edit

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

para n pl

  1. definite plural of par

Norwegian Nynorsk edit

Noun edit

para n pl

  1. definite plural of par

Old Polish edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pàra. By surface analysis, deverbal from parzyć. First attested in 1420.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /para/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /para/

Noun edit

para f

  1. steam
    • 1454, Legenda o św. Aleksym‎[6], line 215:
      Kogokole para szaleczala oth thego szwyathego czala, ktoryle chorobą myal, nathemyescz szdrow ostal
      [Kogokole para zaleciała ot tego świętego ciała, ktoryle chorobę miał, natemieśc[ie] zdrow ostał]
  2. breath
    • 1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIII, page 270:
      Faucibus, gl. ore, exuberat, gl. exit, grauis anhelitus dvch, para
      [Faucibus, gl. ore, exuberat, gl. exit, grauis anhelitus duch, para]
    • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 129r:
      Spiraculum id est anhelitus vel foramen per quod spiratur proprie der atem. Spiramen idem pąrą vel dech
      [Spiraculum id est anhelitus vel foramen per quod spiratur proprie der atem. Spiramen idem para vel dech]
Derived terms edit
adjectives
Related terms edit
nouns
Descendants edit
  • Masurian: para (“steam”)
  • Polish: para (“steam”)
  • Silesian: para (“steam”)

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Middle High German pâr. First attested in 1447.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /paːra/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /pɒra/

Noun edit

para f

  1. pair (two of the same or similar things)
    • 1912 [1447], Monumenta Iuris cura praepositorum Chartophylacio Maximo Varsoviensi, volume III, page 156:
      Ego Petrus obligo me sibi (sc. Andree) solucionem facere..., videlicet vnum tharling pannorum coltryskych, in quo fieri debent XL-ta media stamina et quodlibet paria uel stamen integrum debet percipere a me per XII florenos Vngaricales vlg. par *puolstuczkow... Ego Petrus... promitto... Andree... secundum tharling staminorum vlg. *puolstuczkow coltryskych dare... sine omni dilatione..., videlicet quod par *puolstuczkuow per XII florenos Vngaricales
      [Ego Petrus obligo me sibi (sc. Andree) solucionem facere..., videlicet vnum tarlink pannorum koltryskich, in quo fieri debent XL-ta media stamina et quodlibet paria uel stamen integrum debet percipere a me per XII florenos Vngaricales vlg. par połusztuczkow... Ego Petrus... promitto... Andree... secundum tarlink staminorum vlg. połusztuczkow koltryskich dare... sine omni dilatione..., videlicet quod par połusztuczk[u]ow per XII florenos Vngaricales]
Descendants edit
  • Masurian: pára (“pair”)
  • Polish: para (“pair”)
  • Silesian: pŏra (“pair”)

References edit

Pali edit

Alternative forms edit

Alternative forms

Etymology edit

Inherited from Sanskrit पर (para), from Proto-Indo-European *per-.

Adjective edit

para

  1. other, another
  2. alien
  3. outsider
  4. further (on)
    • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎[7], page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
      सब्बेसं तिण्णं पठममज्झिमुत्तमपुरिसानं एकाभिधाने परो पुरिसो गहेतब्बो। सो च पठति, ते च पठन्ति, त्वञ्च पठसि तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पठामि = मयं पठाम; सो पचति, ते च पचन्ति, त्वञ्च पचन्ति, तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पचआमि = मयं पचाम एवं सेसासु विभत्तीसु परो पुरिसो योजेतब्बो॥
      Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. So ca paṭhati, te ca paṭhanti, tvañca paṭhasi, tumhe ca paṭhatha, ahañca paṭhāmi = mayaṃ paṭhāma; so pacati, te ca pacanti, tvañca pacasi, tumhe ca pacatha, ahañca pacāmi = mayaṃ pacāma. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu paro puriso yojetabbo.
      With all three, third, second, and first persons, in one expression, the last person is to be taken. He reads, they read, thou readest, you read, and I read = we read; he cooks, they cook, thou cookest, you cook , and I cook = we cook. The last person is to be applied thus for other endings.

Declension edit

Declension table of "para" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)paropare
Accusative (second)paraṃpare
Instrumental (third)parenaparehi or parebhi
Dative (fourth)parassaparesaṃ
Ablative (fifth)parasmā or paramhā or parāparehi or parebhi
Genitive (sixth)parassaparesaṃ
Locative (seventh)parasmiṃ or paramhi or pareparesu
Declension table of "parā" (feminine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)parāparāyo or parā
Accusative (second)paraṃparāyo or parā
Instrumental (third)parāyaparāhi or parābhi
Dative (fourth)parāyaparāsaṃ
Ablative (fifth)parāyaparāhi or parābhi
Genitive (sixth)parāyaparāsaṃ
Locative (seventh)parāya or parāyaṃparāsu
Declension table of "para" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)paraṃparāni
Accusative (second)paraṃparāni
Instrumental (third)parenaparehi or parebhi
Dative (fourth)parassaparesaṃ
Ablative (fifth)parasmā or paramhā or parāparehi or parebhi
Genitive (sixth)parassaparesaṃ
Locative (seventh)parasmiṃ or paramhi or pareparesu

Derived terms edit

References edit

  • Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “para”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Papiamentu edit

 

Etymology 1 edit

From Spanish pájaro and Portuguese pássaro and Kabuverdianu pasaru.

Noun edit

para

  1. bird

Etymology 2 edit

From Portuguese parar and Spanish parar and Kabuverdianu para.

Verb edit

para

  1. to stop
  2. to stand

Polish edit

 
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Old Polish para (“steam”). By surface analysis, deverbal from parzyć.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

para f (related adjective parowy)

  1. (uncountable) steam (vapor formed when water changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase)
  2. (uncountable, colloquial) steam (internal energy for progress or motive power)
  3. (uncountable) breath
    Synonyms: dech, tchnienie
Declension edit
Declension of para
singular
nominative para
genitive pary
dative parze
accusative parę
instrumental parą
locative parze
vocative paro
Derived terms edit
adverbs
nouns
verbs

Etymology 2 edit

Inherited from Old Polish para (“pair”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

para f

  1. (countable) pair (two similar or identical things taken together)
  2. (countable) pair (two symmetrical organs or limbs)
  3. (countable) pair (object made of two things, such as scissors or pants)
  4. (countable) pair (two people, animals, or groups in the same place at the same time)
  5. (countable) pair, couple (two people in a relationship or partnership)
Declension edit
Declension of para
singular plural
nominative para pary
genitive pary par
dative parze parom
accusative parę pary
instrumental parą parami
locative parze parach
vocative paro pary
Derived terms edit
adverbs
nouns
proverbs
Descendants edit

Etymology 3 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

para

  1. third-person singular present of parać

Trivia edit

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), para is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 43 times in scientific texts, 13 times in news, 4 times in essays, 16 times in fiction, and 11 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 87 times, making it the 733rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References edit

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “para”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 356

Further reading edit

  • para in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • para in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “1. para”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “2. para”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Paweł Kupiszewski (08.04.2014) “PARA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
  • Paweł Kupiszewski (08.04.2014) “PARA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “para”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[8]
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “para”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎[9]
  • A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “para”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[10] (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 50

Portuguese edit

Etymology 1 edit

From earlier pera, from Old Galician-Portuguese pera, from Latin per (“through”) + ad (“to”).

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /pa.ɾɐ/, (with syncope) /pɾa/, /pa/, /pɾɐ/
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /pa.ɾa/, (with syncope) /pɾa/, /pa/, /pɾɐ/

  • Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Preposition edit

para

  2. for (directed at, intended to belong to or to be appropriate for)
    Ração para gatos.
    Food for cats.
    O que é bom para gripe?
    What is good for the flu?
  4. indicates application of an adjective; to
  6. to; so; in order to (indicates purpose)
    Comprei um baixo para tocar numa banda.
    I bought a bass to play in a band.
  8. towards; to; in the direction of (indicates destination)
    Synonyms: a, até
    Vamos para a minha casa.
    Let’s go to my house.
  10. introduces the location, direction or context that applies to a verb
    Essa janela abre para um longo vale.
    That window opens into a long valley.
  12. to (to the value of)
    A cor da banana mudou de amarelo para preto.
    The colour of the banana changed from yellow to black.
    O valor da minha casa baixou para menos do que o que eu paguei.
    The value of my house has fallen to less than what I paid.
  14. in the opinion of
    Para mim, este livro é um dos melhores da história.
    In my opinion, this book is one of the best ever.
  16. (with an infinitive) about to; soon to be (indicates that something will happen soon)
    Synonyms: prestes a, por
    Fiquem quietos que o filme está para começar.
    Be quiet because the film is about to begin.

Contraction edit

Para + definite article contractions are colloquial. Those without r are nonstandard:

Para + indefinite article contractions are also nonstandard, but are not as common:

There are some para + personal pronoun contractions, which are also nonstandard and uncommon in writing:

Usage notes edit

Some senses of para, such as 'in order to', introduce a subordinate clause. When this clause begins with a personal pronoun, some Brazilian speakers use a prepositional pronoun instead of a nominative one:

  • Comprei um bolo para mim comer.
    I bought a cake for me to eat.

instead of the standard,

  • Comprei um bolo para eu comer.
    I bought a cake for me to eat.

Such usage is strongly proscribed.

Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:para.

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

  • Rhymes: -aɾɐ
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Verb edit

para

  1. inflection of parar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Quechua edit

Noun edit

para

  1. rain


Derived terms edit

See also edit

Romanian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

Noun edit

para f (plural parale)

  1. para
  2. money

Declension edit

Declension of para
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (o) para paraua (niște) parale paralele
genitive/dative (unei) parale paralei (unor) parale paralelor
vocative — —

Verb edit

a para (third-person singular present parează, past participle parat) 1st conj.

  1. parry

Sanaviron edit

Noun edit

para

  1. water

See also edit

References edit

  • Julio Salinardi, Córdoba y Traslasierra: integración y disgregación (2006): Con respecto a la lengua sanavirona, hay algunas palabras cuyo significado es seguro, tales comon sacat (pueblo), charaba (cacique), para (agua) y mampa (acequia).
  • Čestmír Loukotka, ‎Johannes Wilbert (editor), Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 48

Serbo-Croatian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *para, *parъ.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

pȁra f (Cyrillic spelling па̏ра)

  1. steam
  2. vapor
  3. fume
Declension edit
Declension of para
singular plural
nominative pȁra pare
genitive pare pȃrā
dative pari parama
accusative paru pare
vocative paro pare
locative pari parama
instrumental parom parama

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /pǎra/
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Noun edit

pàra f (Cyrillic spelling па̀ра)

  1. para (Yugoslav currency)
  2. (colloquial) money, dough, moola (usually in plural)
    • 2010 April 12, Dubioza kolektiv (lyrics and music), “Kokuz”‎[11]:
      Nemam para daj posudi
      Il' mi žirant makar budi
      Steglo brate sa svih strana
      Trebam pomoć od jarana
      I don't have moola, lend me some
      or be my guarantor
      It's tightening from all sides my bro
      I need help from my buddies.
Declension edit
Declension of para
singular plural
nominative pàra pare
genitive pare pȃrā
dative pari parama
accusative paru pare
vocative paro pare
locative pari parama
instrumental parom parama

Silesian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old Polish para (“steam”). By surface analysis, deverbal from parzić.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈpara/
  • Rhymes: -ara
  • Syllabification: pa‧ra

Noun edit

para f

  1. steam (vapor formed when water changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase)

Derived terms edit

adjectives
verbs

Related terms edit

nouns

Further reading edit

  • para in silling.org
  • Bogdan Kallus (2020) “para”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN
  • Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “para”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski‎[12], page 469

Spanish edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈpaɾa/ [ˈpa.ɾa]
  • Audio (Colombia):(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɾa
  • Syllabification: pa‧ra

Etymology 1 edit

From earlier pora (a combination of por and a, or from Latin prō ad) via assimilation, influenced by the archaic preposition par.[13]

Preposition edit

para

  1. for, to (expressing a recipient)
    Synonyms: pa', (colloquial) pa
    La niña compró un regalo de navidad para su abuela.
    The girl bought a Christmas gift for her grandmother.
    Ahora me gustaría hacer un truco de magia para ustedes.
    I'd now like to perform a magic trick for you all.
  2. to, in order to, so, for (expressing the intended purpose of an action)
    Estudio cada noche sin descanso para conseguir un trabajo decente al fin de todo esto.
    I study every night tirelessly so that I get a decent job at the end of all this.
    Voy a salir temprano para evitar el tráfico.
    I am going to leave early to avoid traffic.
  3. by, due, due on, due by (expressing a deadline)
    Necesito tu decisión para fin de mes.
    I need your decision by the end of the month.
    Sus proyectos de grupo son para el viernes sin excepción.
    Your group projects are due on Friday without exception.
  4. for (expressing contrast from what is expected)
    Para un turista americano, él es en realidad bastante respetuoso.
    For an American tourist, he is actually pretty respectful.
  5. for, to, in one's opinion, as far as one is concerned (expressing an opinion, perception or perspective)
    Para mí, la música es lo único bueno sobre esa película.
    For me, the music was the only good thing about that film.
    Para mi hermano, su esposa tiene toda la razón.
    As far as my brother is concerned, his wife is totally in the right.
  6. for (expressing using one's efforts for a group or an authority figure such as a sports team or a company/boss)
    Mi sobrino juega para el equipo de los Patos Poderosos.
    My nephew plays for the Mighty Ducks' team.
    Trabajamos para la misma jefe aunque no al mismo tiempo.
    We worked for the same boss but not at the same time.
    Ella trabajó para Microsoft durante años, pero ahora trabaja para Apple.
    She worked for Microsoft for years, but now she works for Apple.
  7. come (used to indicate a point in time at or after which a stated event or situation occurs)
    Para septiembre, me estaré quedando atrás.
    Come September, I'll be getting left behind.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

para

  1. inflection of parar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Etymology 3 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

para

  1. inflection of parir:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Further reading edit

Swedish edit

Etymology 1 edit

From par +‎ -a.

Verb edit

para (present parar, preterite parade, supine parat, imperative para)

  1. to pair, match into pairs
  2. (transitive) to breed (two animals)
  3. (reflexive, of animals) to mate, breed
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of para (weak)
Active Passive
Infinitive para paras
Supine parat parats
Imperative para —
Imper. plural1 paren —
Present Past Present Past
Indicative parar parade paras parades
Ind. plural1 para parade paras parades
Subjunctive2 pare parade pares parades
Participles
Present participle parande
Past participle parad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.
Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Turkish para.

Noun edit

para c

  1. (slang) money
Derived terms edit

References edit

Anagrams edit

Tagalog edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈpaɾa/, [ˈpa.ɾɐ]
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ra
  • Audio(file)

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from Spanish para (“for”).

Conjunction edit

para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)

  1. for; so; in order to
    Synonyms: upang, nang
    Para makapasok sa eskuwelahan, kailangan mo ng valid ID.
    In order to be able to go inside the school, you need a valid ID.

Preposition edit

para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)

  1. for
    Nagtatrabaho si Ate Virgie para sa kanyang pamilya.
    Virgie works for her family.

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Spanish para (“stop”) (second person singular imperative), from parar (“stop”).

Interjection edit

para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)

  1. Said by any jeepney passenger to call onto the driver to halt the vehicle, with the intention of dismounting.
    Synonyms: tigil, hinto
Usage notes edit
  • The word is usually paired with ho or po for respect: para ho / para po.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pada (“same, equal, like”). Compare Ilocano pada, Malay pada, Makasar ᨄᨑ (para), Old Javanese paḍa. Also possibly borrowed from Spanish comparar.

Adjective edit

para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)

  1. looking like; seem
    Synonym: mukha
    Para kang tanga...
    You look like an idiot...
    Parang may gusto ka sa akin.
    You seem to like me / have a crush on me.
Usage notes edit
  • This word is now usually seen as parang, except when an enclitic is used which separates para and -ng, although this could be ignored also and have the enclitic after the word parang modifies.
    Parang... Parang aso siya.
    It looks like... It looks like a dog.
    (instead of Para siyang aso.)
  • This word may appear as parang alone. For example, when agreeing with someone that it actually looks like a dog, you reply with parang “It seems so”, or parang nga “It actually looks like one”.
  • This word used to be used like tulad or gaya, it used genitive case (ng, mo, etc.) instead of the linker -ng. Seen in the Lord's Prayer (Ama Namin), which is still preserved today. The Lord's Prayer spells ng as nang.
    Dito sa lupa, para nang sa langit.
    On earth as it is in heaven.
Derived terms edit
See also edit

Turkish edit

Etymology edit

From Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre). Doublet of pare.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /pɑˈɾɑ/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Noun edit

para (definite accusative parayı, plural paralar)

  1. money

Declension edit

Inflection
Nominative para
Definite accusative parayı
Singular Plural
Nominative para paralar
Definite accusative parayı paraları
Dative paraya paralara
Locative parada paralarda
Ablative paradan paralardan
Genitive paranın paraların
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular param paralarım
2nd singular paran paraların
3rd singular parası paraları
1st plural paramız paralarımız
2nd plural paranız paralarınız
3rd plural paraları paraları
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular paramı paralarımı
2nd singular paranı paralarını
3rd singular parasını paralarını
1st plural paramızı paralarımızı
2nd plural paranızı paralarınızı
3rd plural paralarını paralarını
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular parama paralarıma
2nd singular parana paralarına
3rd singular parasına paralarına
1st plural paramıza paralarımıza
2nd plural paranıza paralarınıza
3rd plural paralarına paralarına
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular paramda paralarımda
2nd singular paranda paralarında
3rd singular parasında paralarında
1st plural paramızda paralarımızda
2nd plural paranızda paralarınızda
3rd plural paralarında paralarında
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular paramdan paralarımdan
2nd singular parandan paralarından
3rd singular parasından paralarından
1st plural paramızdan paralarımızdan
2nd plural paranızdan paralarınızdan
3rd plural paralarından paralarından
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular paramın paralarımın
2nd singular paranın paralarının
3rd singular parasının paralarının
1st plural paramızın paralarımızın
2nd plural paranızın paralarınızın
3rd plural paralarının paralarının

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Welsh edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

para (first-person singular present paraf)

  1. Alternative form of parhau (“to endure, to last”)

Conjugation edit

Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future para i, paraf i pari di parith o/e/hi, pariff e/hi parwn ni parwch chi paran nhw
conditional parwn i, parswn i paret ti, parset ti parai fo/fe/hi, parsai fo/fe/hi paren ni, parsen ni parech chi, parsech chi paren nhw, parsen nhw
preterite parais i, pares i paraist ti, parest ti parodd o/e/hi paron ni paroch chi paron nhw
imperative — para — — parwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Noun edit

para m (uncountable)

  1. continuance, perseverance, permanence

Mutation edit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
para bara mhara phara
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading edit

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “parhau”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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