po
English edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English po (found also in pocock), from Old English pāwa, pēa (“peacock”), from Proto-Germanic *pāwô (“peacock”), from Latin pāvō. Cognate with Dutch pauw, German Pfau. See also peacock.
Noun edit
po (plural pos)
Etymology 2 edit
A diminutive of pot.
Noun edit
po (plural pos)
- (UK, Australia, New Zealand, colloquial, dated) A chamberpot. [from 19th c.]
- 1988, Richard Hoggart, A Local Habitation, 1918-40, Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, page 67:
- ‘Pos’ or ‘chamber pots’ were provided under the beds.
- 1989, Leonard Woolf, edited by Frederic Spotts, Letters of Leonard Woolf, page 86:
- There are always several spitoons & pos [chamber pots] about the room & a loathesome smell of consumption, which I expect I shall catch.
- 2016, Alan Moore, Jerusalem, Liveright, published 2016, page 44:
- Shaking the last few drops from off the end he looked down in surprise at the great head of steam that brimmed above the po, belatedly apprised of just how icy the October garret was.
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Yoruba: póò
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
po pl (plural only)
- (slang) The police.
- 2008, Megan T. White, Rounding the Finish Line, Baltimore, M.D.: PublishAmerica, →ISBN, page 209:
- "Basically it's a celebration of all the gearheads in the area," Rob told him. "Sometimes we get busted by the po, but we always find a new place to show off our rides. Enjoy this lot while we have it."
- 2009, Debra Webb, Secrets in Four Corners, Toronto, Ont. […]: Harlequin, →ISBN, page 155:
- "'Bout time the po' got here," someone said loud enough for Bree to hear.
- 2018, U-God [Lamont Hawkins], Raw: My Journey Into the Wu-Tang, New York, N.Y.: Picador, →ISBN, page 89:
- Now, one of the rules I had—this is another reason why certain police probably respected us dudes—when it was hot, when I saw certain po, we would shut it down. We left. I would just leave. I would give them they space and let them go.
Alternative forms edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
Anagrams edit
Akan edit
Pronunciation edit
- Tone: LL[1]
Verb edit
po
- to bully
- po mo - to bully you
References edit
- ^ Kotey, Paul A. (1998). Twi-English/English-Twi Dictionary. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
- Christaller, Johann Gottlieb (1881) A Dictionary of the Asante and Fante Language Called Tshi (Chwee, Tw̌i)[4], Basel, page 381
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Albanian *apā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁é (“then, at that time”). Compare German ob (“if, whether”), Dutch of (“or, whether, but”), English if. According to Brian D. Joseph, it is a difficult word with unclear root. Hamp claims origin from Proto-Indo-European *pest (“so”)[1]
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
po
- yes
- Used with the present and imperfect tense of a verb to show a continuous action.
It corresponds to the English "be + gerund" formation.
References edit
- ^ Joseph, B. D. the puzzle of albanian po. 2011
Amondawa edit
Verb edit
po
- do (make, work, perform)
References edit
- V. da Silva Sinha et al, Event-based time intervals in an Amazonian culture, in Space and Time in Languages and Cultures: Language, Culture, and Cognition
Asaro'o edit
Alternative forms edit
- fo (Molet Kasu, Molet Mur)
Noun edit
po
Further reading edit
- John Carter, Katie Carter, John Grummitt, Bonnie MacKenzie, Janell Masters, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Mur Village Vernaculars (2012), page 50
Balkan Romani edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Macedonian по- (po-) or dialectal Serbo-Croatian.[1]
Particle edit
po
- -er, more; forms comparative adjectives and adverbs.[1][2][3][4][5]
- follows the definite article to form the superlative[4][5]
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “po(-)²”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 219ab
- ^ Ronald Lee (2005) “Lesson eighteen”, in Learn Romani: Das-dúma Rromanes, reprint edition, Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, published 2017, →ISBN, page 269
- ^ Marcel Courthiade (2009) “po¹”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 279a
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Anna-Maria Meyer (2020) “The Impact of Slavic Languages on Romani”, in Yaron Matras, Anton Tenser, editors, The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics, Palgrave Macmillan, , →ISBN, pages 277-278
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Yūsuke Sumi (2018) ニューエクスプレスプラス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 96-97
Bikol Central edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
pò (Basahan spelling ᜉᜓ)
Borôro edit
Noun edit
po
- Synonym of pobo (“water”)
References edit
- Mônica Cidele da Cruz, Povo Umutína : a busca da identidade linguística e cultural [Les Umutína : À la recherche d’une identité linguistique et culturelle], Université Unicamp / Campinas, 2012, page 40
Chickasaw edit
Pronoun edit
po
Chinese edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
po
Noun edit
po
Derived terms edit
Cornish edit
Etymology 1 edit
According to an Gerlyver Meur, either an unstressed form of py (“which”) or provected form of the present-future subjunctive of bos (“to be”).
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
po
Etymology 2 edit
Contraction of pa (“when”) and the present-future subjunctive of bos (“to be”).
Pronunciation edit
Contraction edit
po
- (Revived Late Cornish) Contraction of pa vo (“when ... is”).
- po'chy ha dha wreg pries
- when you and your wife are married
- po margh ledrys
- when a horse is stolen
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
po n
- Abbreviation of pondělí (“Monday”).
Declension edit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Czech po, from Proto-Slavic *po, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.
Preposition edit
po [+locative]
Preposition edit
po [+accusative]
- (space, time, scales, lists) up to, for
- (dimension) all through
Further reading edit
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
po m (plural po's, diminutive pootje n)
Descendants edit
- → Papiamentu: pò
Anagrams edit
Esperanto edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Russian по (po) and Polish po.
Preposition edit
po
- A grammatical particle used with quantity words to indicate rate or a distributive quantity: each, apiece, at, @
- Antonym: -ope
- Mi kudrados ĉiutage po 10 horoj. ― I will sew 10 hours a day.
- Oni povas nokti po 6 frankoj. ― You can spend the night for 6 francs (a night).
- La kurso daŭras dum 10 tagoj po 30 minutoj. ― The course lasts 10 days at 30 minutes (a day).
- La komitato estas rebalotota ĉiun trian jaron po triono. ― A third of the committee is reelected every third year.
- La gastoj trinkis po (unu) glaseton da vino. ― The guests each drank one glass of wine.
- Ili ricevis po 5 pomojn. ― They received 5 apples apiece.
- Elektu al vi po 3 homojn el ĉiu tribo. ― Choose for yourselves 3 people (apiece) from each tribe.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
po (accusative singular po-on, plural po-oj, accusative plural po-ojn)
- The name of the Latin-script letter P/p.
See also edit
Galician edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese poo, from Vulgar Latin *pulus, from earlier *pulvus n, from Latin pulvis m, from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“flour, dust”). Compare Portuguese pó. Doublet of polvo, which was borrowed from Spanish polvo.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
po m (plural pos)
- dust
- 1276, M. Lucas Álvarez, P. Lucas Dominguez, editors, El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos, Sada / A Coruña: Edicións do Castro, page 375:
- et este pan deue a seer qual o Deus der no logar et seer linpo de palla et de poo, d'eruellada et de mosceyra, et deue a seer ben seco et ben linpo et bõõ pan
- and this grain must be that that God gives at that place, and it must be clean of chaff and dust, of vetch and fodder, and it must be well dry and well clean and good grain
- powder
- 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 141:
- E Nota que o poo dos collos das abroteas ual mays que todos llos outros, et dos ditos poos deuen vsar nos llugarres neruossos et jntrincados de veas et darterias
- Take note that the powder of the rhizomes of the asphodels has more value than all the rest, and that these powders should be used in places that are nervous and entangled with veins and arteries
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “poo” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “poo” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “po” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “po” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “po” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Guaraní edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *po, from Proto-Tupian *po.[1]
Noun edit
po (plural pokuéra)
Numeral edit
po
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *por, from Proto-Tupian *pot.[2]
Verb edit
po
Conjugation edit
References edit
Guinea-Bissau Creole edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Portuguese pau. Cognate with Kabuverdianu pó.
Noun edit
po
Etymology 2 edit
From Portuguese pó. Cognate with Kabuverdianu puera.
Noun edit
po
Haitian Creole edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
po
Hausa edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
pô m (possessed form pôn)
Ido edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Esperanto po, Russian по (po).
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
po
Imonda edit
Noun edit
po
Further reading edit
- Walter Seiler, The Main Structures of Imonda (1984)
- Walter Seiler, Imonda: Papuan Language, page 188: "Another excellent example that illustrates the relational character of -l, is provided by po water. When po is used to refer to general water, rain or creeks it has no -l. When it refers to wound water or coconut water it does end in -l."
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
po
Lithuanian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa (“after, by”); compare Latvian pa, pa-, Old Prussian po (“after, by, under”), Proto-Slavic *po (“after, by, at”). From Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó, *h₂epó (“away, from”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀢 (a-pu, “from”), Sanskrit अप (ápa, “away, off”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱 (a-p /apa/, “away”), Latin ab (“from”), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af, “of”). See pa-, pó- for more.
Preposition edit
põ
- under, beneath (movement, position) [+instrumental]
- (with instrumental or genitive case) beside, near, along (movement, position)
- (with instrumental or dative case) expresses the direction of movement
- after, following a certain time period, event; after the disappearance or loss of [+genitive]
- expresses gradual progression; one after another [+genitive]
- until, up to a certain time [+dative]
- around, throughout the whole of [+accusative]
- used to express division into equal parts [+accusative]
- (with genitive, instrumental or dative case) expresses the manner of an action
Related terms edit
Lower Sorbian edit
Preposition edit
po
Mandarin edit
Romanization edit
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 桲
po
- Nonstandard spelling of pō.
- Nonstandard spelling of pó.
- Nonstandard spelling of pǒ.
- Nonstandard spelling of pò.
Usage notes edit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Masurian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish po.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
po
- denotes a manner with an adjective [+dative]
- denotes a surface or area along which something moves; along [+locative]
- debites the purpose of ritually visiting many people or undertaking some frequently repeated actions or efforts generally related to acquiring, obtaining something or participating in something [+locative]
- denotes people or places that someone visits, areas or environments in which something takes place, something occurs or areas that someone travels or places involved in a specific activity [+locative]
- after (later in time or sequence) [+locative]
- denotes number of objects used, number of people taking part, duration, amount, amount of times, or price
- denotes a side on which something is; on [+locative]
- denotes a container that was used for something [+locative]
- denotes a temporal or spatial limit; along [+accusative]
- denotes a source from which someone received something, i.e. inheritence; from [+locative]
- denotes basis for someone's actions based on, according to [+locative]
- with a cardinal number; of all [+accusative]
- denotes the source of an effect; after; from [+locative]
- denotes period at which something occurs; at, during [+locative]
- denotes dominating conditions [+locative]
- denotes basis of analysis; based on [+locative]
- denotes source of emotions; from [+locative]
- done for [+locative]
Further reading edit
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old English pāwa, pēa, from Proto-Germanic *pāwô, from Latin pāvō. Influenced by the first element of Old Norse páfugl.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
po (plural poos)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “pō, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-10-10.
Mokilese edit
Noun edit
po
Nupe edit
Etymology edit
Cognate to Gbiri-Niragu pobo.
Verb edit
po
References edit
- R. Blench, The Benue-Congo languages
- Samuel Crowther, A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Nupe Language (1864)
Old Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *po.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
po
- for (for the purpose of) [+accusative] or [+locative]
- until; after [+accusative]
- for the entire, all [+accusative]
- during, in the period of [+accusative], [+genitive], or [+locative]
- for the Xth time [+accusative]
- per, a piece [+accusative] or [+locative]
- after; because of [+dative] or [+locative]
- up to; towards [+dative]
- to behind [+dative]
- according to [+dative] or [+locative]
- in the manner of [+dative]
- for (to what end) [+dative] (of a success or failure)
- Creates adverbs in conjunction with an adjective. [+dative]
- Denotes repeated action. [+dative]
- on top of; on [+locative]
- Denotes general area as scene of action; around, about; along [+locative]
- with, by way of [+locative]
- behind [+locative]
- after [+locative]
- carried out by [+locative]
- in the absence of [+locative]
- through, by means of [+locative]
- as to, with regard to [+locative]
- Denotes maximum amount; up to [+locative]
- Denotes price of something. [+locative]
- more than [+locative]
- for, for the benefit of [+locative]
Descendants edit
- Czech: po
References edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “po”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *po. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
po
- denotes sequence in time; after [+locative]
- Synonym: pod
- denotes general location; at, in, on [+locative] or [+dative]
- (more specifically) along [+locative]
- denotes previous related person; after [+locative]
- denotes next in a sequence of people; after [+locative]
- denotes cause; after; because of [+locative]
- according to, in accordance with [+locative]
- denotes an instrument to an acction; with, by means of [+locative]
- according to, based on [+locative]
- denotes manner of the object; like, as [+locative]
- denotes distribution; per [+locative] or [+dative]
- used in grammatical government. [+locative]
- it indicates a spatial limit; up to [+accusative]
- denotes a time when something takes place; during [+accusative] or [+dative]
- denotes the aim or purpose of an action; for [+accusative]
- creates an adverb from the next noun. [+accusative]
- with an ordinal number; denotes which time in a sequence; for the _ time [+accusative]
- Synonym: za
- denotes the source or agent of an action. [+dative]
- denotes the distribution of the counted items. [+dative] or [+accusative] or [+locative]
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “po”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Paraguayan Guaraní edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Shortened form of japo.
Noun edit
po
Etymology 2 edit
From po (“five fingers”).
Numeral edit
po
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
po
- to jump
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish po.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /pɔ/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈpɔ/
Audio 1 (file) Audio 2 (file) Audio 3 (file) - Rhymes: -ɔ
- Syllabification: po
Preposition edit
po
- after (later in time or sequence) [+locative]
- W piątki po pracy często chodzimy do pubu. ― On Fridays after work we often go to the pub.
- Cały dzień czyta książkę po książce o polityce. ― All day long he reads book after book about politics.
- after (in pursuit of) [+accusative]
- Jadą po nas! Zmykajcie! ― They're coming after us! Scram!
- around, about [+locative]
- Mój brat spędził miesiąc podróżując po Polsce. ― My brother spent a month travelling around Poland.
- past [+locative]
- Wykłady zaczynają się o kwadrans po ósmej. ― Lectures begin at quarter past eight.
- on [+locative]
- Kobiety siedzą po prawej stronie, a mężczyźni po lewej. ― Women sit on the right hand, and men on the left.
- for indicates that a container was previously used for something [+locative]
- Co zrobić ze słoikiem po dżemie? ― What can I do with an empty jam jar?
- from [+locative]
- Tę całą biżuterię odziedziczyłam po matce. ― I inherited all this jewellery from my mother.
- Od razu rozpoznałem go po grzmiącym głosie. ― I instantly recognised him from the booming voice.
- after (in allusion to), for [+locative]
- Nazwaliśmy naszego syna po zmarłym wujku. ― We named our son after his late uncle.
- done for (doomed) [+locative]
- Jest już po tobie, brachu. ― You're done for, bro.
- for (in order to obtain) [+accusative]
- Musimy pójść do sklepu po mleko. ― We have to go to the shop for milk.
- up to, as far as [+accusative]
- Woda w piwnicy była po kolana. ― The water in the cellar was up to our knees.
- in, for, at denotes a quantity of something [+accusative]
- Mam trzy zgrzewki po sześć puszek, czyli osiemnaście puszek. ― I have three multipacks of six cans, i.e. eighteen cans.
- Kupiłem te bilety po 20 złotych, a oferuję je po 10. ― I bought these tickets for 20 złoty each, but I'm offering them for 10.
- according to, in the way of, a la, as [+dative]
- Jego ulubioną potrawą jest karkówka po cygańsku. ― His favourite dish is gypsy pork.
- Lubię ją, ale tylko po przyjacielsku. ― I like her, but only as a friend.
- in (the language of) [+dative]
- Świetnie mówisz po polsku jak na cudzoziemca. ― You speak great Polish for a foreigner.
- Nie umiem pisać po chińsku. ― I don't know how to write in Chinese.
Usage notes edit
- Dative adjectives that end in -ski for the lemma take the archaic suffix -sku instead of the usual -skiemu when used with this preposition.
Derived terms edit
Conjunction edit
po
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), po is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 282 times in scientific texts, 293 times in news, 195 times in essays, 552 times in fiction, and 406 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1728 times, making it the 24th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References edit
Further reading edit
- po in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- po in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “po”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “po”, in Słownik języka polskiego[7]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “po”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[8]
- A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “po”, in Słownik języka polskiego[9] (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 274
Rapa Nui edit
Noun edit
po
Samoan edit
Noun edit
po
Sardinian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Preposition edit
po
Senggi edit
Noun edit
po
References edit
- Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 113
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From pol, from Proto-Slavic *polъ. See po-.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
pȏ (Cyrillic spelling по̑)
- (Bosnia, Serbia) half
- sat i po ― hour and a half
- četiri i po ― four thirty
- čov(j)ek i po ― an excellent man
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Slavic *po, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)po.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
pȍ (Cyrillic spelling по̏)
- for [+accusative]
- otići po ml(ij)eko ― to go and get the milk
- po c(ij)eli dan ― all day long
- po šesti put ― for the sixth time
- biti štetan po nekoga/nešto ― to be harmful for sb/sth
- dobro/loše po njega ― good/bad for him
- over, through, across, in, on [+locative]
- udariti po glavi ― to hit on the head
- sn(ij)eg je pao po cesti ― snow fell on the road
- voda se prolila po podu ― water spilled over the floor
- šetati po šumi ― to walk in the woods
- by, with, through (using an intermediary or medium) [+locative]
- Poslao sam mu paket po zajedničkom prijatelju. ― I've sent him a package via a mutual friend.
- po zraku/vodi ― by air/water
- by, according to [+locative]
- sve ide po planu ― everything is going according to the plan
- Amerika je prva država po bogatstvu u sv(ij)etu. ― America is the richest country in the world.
- po glavi stanovnika ― per capita
- živ(j)eti po principima ― to live according to principles
- po mom(e) mišljenju ― in my opinion
- po mom računu ― by my reckoning
- po meni ― in my opinion; as far as I'm concerned
- svirati po sluhu ― to play by ear
- suditi po vanjštini ― to judge by appearance
- after [+locative]
- po svršetku sukoba ― after (the end of) the conflict
- during [+locative]
- po kiši/suncu ― in the rain/sun
- po danu ― during the day
- in miscellaneous senses in various phrasal constructs [+locative]
- razum(ij)e se (samo) po sebi ― it goes without saying
- neka bude po tvome ― let it be your way
- jednak po veličini ― equal in size
- sve je po starom ― everything is/goes in the accustomed/usual manner
- po običaju ― as usual, according to custom
- po vr(ij)ednosti ― in value
- po svoj prilici ― in all likelihood
- po rodu ― by birth
- po naravi/prirodi ― in nature
- po toj c(ij)eni ― at this price
- po paragrafu 13 ― under section 13
- po što po to ― by all means
- po mogućnosti ― if possible
- po redu ― in order, one after another
- po mom ukusu ― (according) to my taste
- po kvaliteti ― by quality
- po tome ― according to this/that, accordingly, consequently, then
- po zakonu ― according to the law, by the law
- po duljini ― lengthwise
Etymology 3 edit
Particle edit
po (Cyrillic spelling по)
- (+ accusative case or nominative case) denoting distribution and succession; by, per, each, apiece
- Popili smo svi po čašicu rakije. ― We all drank a glass of rakija each.
- korak po korak ― step by step
- jedan po jedan ― one by one
- triput po satu ― three times per hour
- Svi smo dobili po jabuku. ― Each of us received an apple.
References edit
Silesian edit
Alternative forms edit
- pō (before nasals)
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish po.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
po
- denotes general location about, around; along [+locative]
- after [+locative]
- Antonym: przed
- denotes point in space on [+locative]
- Synonym: z
- dith certain verbs of speaking; denotes recipient of a message. [+locative]
- Synonym: na
- denotes maximum amount; up to [+accusative] or [+locative]
- Synonym: z
- dreates an adverb from an adjective. [+dative] (archaic dative ending in -u)
- denotes aim of an action; for [+locative]
- for indicates that a container was previously used for something [+locative]
- denotes characteristic by which one might recognize something; from [+locative]
- denotes absence of something or something; after [+accusative]
- denotes possessor. [+locative]
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- po in silling.org
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *po.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
po
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
From pues.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
po
- (colloquial, Chile) emphatic
- Synonym: pues
- ¡Si po! ― Yes, of course!
- ¡Ya, po! ― Come on!
Usage notes edit
- Always used at the end of a sentence.
Swahili edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Verb edit
-po
See also edit
Tagalog edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puəq. Compare Malay empu, Indonesian empu, Old Javanese mpu. Also possibly from clipping of poon (“lord”).
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
pô (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓ)
- marks respect toward the person the speaker is addressing
- Synonym: (familiar) ho
- Tuloy po kayo. ― Come on in, Sir/Ma'am.
- Pupunta po ako sa simbahan, Inay. ― I am going to church, Mother.
Usage notes edit
- In standard Tagalog, the word po is more formal and polite than ho. In other dialects, this is not observed and has no difference.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “po”, in Pinoy Dictionary, 2010–2024
- Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves[10] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
- Santos, Fr. Domingo de los (1835) Tomas Oliva, editor, Vocabulario de la lengua tagala: primera, y segunda parte.[11] (in Spanish), La imprenta nueva de D. Jose Maria Dayot
- Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 139
Tapachultec edit
Etymology edit
Lehmann considers the possibility of a connection to Zoque words for "white" (poopo).
Noun edit
po
Usage notes edit
- This is the form Lehmann says is given in the Sapper-Ricke wordlists; the form given in Johnston's vocabulary is poot.
References edit
- Walter Lehmann, Über die Stellung und Verwandtschaft der Subtiaba-Sprache der pazifischen Küste Nicaraguas und über die Sprache von Tapachula in Südchiapas (1915), Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 47, presenting the wordlists of Karl Sapper, Ricke, and Amado Johnston.
Tewa edit
Noun edit
póː (high tone)
Noun edit
pòː (low tone)
Noun edit
pǒː (gliding tone)
References edit
- Marianne Mithun, The Languages of Native North America
- John Peabody Harrington, The Ethnogeography of the Tewa Indians
- My Life in San Juan Pueblo: Stories of Esther Martinez (uses the spelling pˀoe, and mentions a fourth meaning, "pumpkin, squash")
Tocharian B edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Tocharian [Term?] (whence also Tocharian A puk). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adjective edit
po
Determiner edit
po
Inflection edit
- (masc. nom. pl.): poñc
Derived terms edit
Umotína edit
Noun edit
po
References edit
- Mônica Cidele da Cruz, Povo Umutína : a busca da identidade linguística e cultural [Les Umutína : À la recherche d’une identité linguistique et culturelle], Université Unicamp / Campinas, 2012, page 40
Volapük edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin post (“behind”).
Preposition edit
po
See also edit
Waris edit
Noun edit
po
References edit
- Bob Brown, Waris grammar sketch, 1990 (2012), page 29
Western Yugur edit
Etymology edit
Relate to Shor по, Khakas пу (pu) Tofa бо, Tuvan бо (bo), Karaim бу , Krymchak бу, Southern Altai бу (bu), Kyrgyz бул (bul), etc.
Pronoun edit
po
White Hmong edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
po
References edit
- John Duffy, Writing from These Roots: Literacy in a Hmong-American Community →ISBN, 2007)
Yoruba edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
pò
- (transitive) to mix, to stir
- Má pò ó pọ̀ síbẹ̀. ― Don't mix it together yet.
- (transitive) to beat, to whisk
- Bá mi po ẹyin. ― Help me beat the eggs.
- (transitive) to knead
- (transitive) to make warm drinks, baby food, or medicine.
- A gbọ́dọ̀ lo omi gbígbóná nígbà tí a bá fẹ́ po tíì. ― We must use hot water when we want to make tea.
Usage notes edit
- po when followed by a direct object.
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
pó