Fucoidan: Difference between revisions
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'''Fucoidan''' is a [[sulfate]]d [[polysaccharide]] |
'''Fucoidan''' is a [[sulfate]]d [[polysaccharide]] found mainly in various species of [[brown algae]] and brown [[seaweed]] such as [[mozuku]], [[kombu]], [[bladderwrack]], [[wakame]], and [[hijiki]] (variant forms of fucoidan have also been found in animal species, including the [[Holothuroidea|sea cucumber]]).<ref name="Atashrazm">{{cite journal|vauthors=Atashrazm F, Lowenthal RM, Woods GM, Holloway AF, Dickinson JL|title=Fucoidan and Cancer: A Multifunctional Molecule with Anti-Tumor Potential|journal=Mar Drugs |date=2015 |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=2327–2346 |doi=10.3390/md13042327|pmid=25874926|pmc=4413214}}</ref> Variety of saccharides such as Fucose, Xylose, Mannose, Glucose, Galactose, Glucuronic acid, and Galacturonic acid are connected and consisting Fucoidan. |
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Fucoidan is a dietary fiber contained in seaweed such as kelp, wakame, (a part of mekabu), and mozuku. |
Fucoidan protects seaweed from dryness and invasion of disease germ. About 1kg of Fucoidan is extracted from 1000kg of seaweed. Fucoidan is a dietary fiber contained in seaweed such as kelp, wakame, (a part of mekabu), and mozuku. |
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== Discovery == |
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Fucoidan protects seaweed from dryness and invasion of disease germ. About 1kg of Fucoidan is extracted from 1000kg of seaweed. |
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Fucoidan was discovered by H.Z. Kylin, a Swedish scientist, at Uppsala University in 1913. Fucoidan was named after the scientific name “genus Fucus”. At that time, the molecular structure of Fucoidan was so complicating it was difficult to extract the substance and analyze it. Subsequently, the research made progress after 1970, and it was reported that Fucoidan has anti-cancer properties ([[apoptosis]] action) at the Japanese Cancer Society in 1996. |
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== Outline == |
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Fucoidan was discovered by H.Z. Kylin, a Swedish scientist, at Uppsala University in 1913. Fucoidan was named after the scientific name “genus Fucus”. |
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At that time, the molecular structure of Fucoidan was so complicating it was difficult to extract the substance and analyze it. |
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Subsequently, the research made progress after 1970, and it was reported that Fucoidan has anti-cancer properties ([[apoptosis]] action) at the Japanese Cancer Society in 1996. Now, Fucoidan is paid attention to as a [[health supplement]] by many researchers in the world.{{cn|date=April 2021}} |
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== Research == |
== Research == |
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Sulfate group combining saccharides is very important to show the real Fucoidan effects. |
Sulfate group combining saccharides is very important to show the real Fucoidan effects. |
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=== Anti-genesis of tumor cells === |
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== Study result reported by the academic institution that the enzyme-digested Fucoidan extracts derived from seaweed inhibit invasion and anti-genesis of tumor cells == |
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Recently, an enzyme-digested Fucoidan extract attracted a lot of attention due to its anti-tumor potential, which has been intensively investigated. Fucoidan suppresses the growth of tumor cells ''in'' ''vivo'' and activates the immune system against tumors. Kyushu University and some professors from other Universities had studied if enzyme-digested Fucoidan extracts derived from seaweed mozuku inhibit invasion and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Then, they had published the paper. |
Recently, an enzyme-digested Fucoidan extract attracted a lot of attention due to its anti-tumor potential, which has been intensively investigated. Fucoidan suppresses the growth of tumor cells ''in'' ''vivo'' and activates the immune system against tumors. Kyushu University and some professors from other Universities had studied if enzyme-digested Fucoidan extracts derived from seaweed mozuku inhibit invasion and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Then, they had published the paper. |
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Also, they tested for the effects of Fucoidan extracts on the invasion ability of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells, showing that Fucoidan extracts significantly inhibit their invasion, possibly via suppressing matrix metalloproteinases (MMSs) MMP-2/9 activities. Further, they investigated the effects of the Fucoidan extracts on angiogenesis of human uterine carcinoma HeLa cells, and found that Fucoidan extracts suppressed expression and secretion of an angiogenesis factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), resulting in suppressed vascular tubules formation of tumor cells. In conclusion, it is clarified that enzyme-digested Fucoidan extracts possess inhibitory effects on invasion and angiogenesis of tumor cells and considered that these effects might be elicited by the anti-oxidative potential of enzyme digested Fucoidan extracts. |
Also, they tested for the effects of Fucoidan extracts on the invasion ability of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells, showing that Fucoidan extracts significantly inhibit their invasion, possibly via suppressing matrix metalloproteinases (MMSs) MMP-2/9 activities. Further, they investigated the effects of the Fucoidan extracts on angiogenesis of human uterine carcinoma HeLa cells, and found that Fucoidan extracts suppressed expression and secretion of an angiogenesis factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), resulting in suppressed vascular tubules formation of tumor cells. In conclusion, it is clarified that enzyme-digested Fucoidan extracts possess inhibitory effects on invasion and angiogenesis of tumor cells and considered that these effects might be elicited by the anti-oxidative potential of enzyme digested Fucoidan extracts. |
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=== Coronavirus === |
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== Study result regarding how HORIUCHI L-Fucoidan prevents coronavirus by Kyushu University == |
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FCC HORIUCHI CO., Ltd. (SEA FUCOIDAN manufacturer in Kurume) collaborated the research with Kyushu University |
FCC HORIUCHI CO., Ltd. (SEA FUCOIDAN manufacturer in Kurume) collaborated the research with Kyushu University. They studied if HORIUCHI L-Fucoidan (HORIUCHI’s original Low molecular Fucoidan) can inhibit binding Ace2 and virus spike protein and they reported the result that HORIUCHI L-Fucoidan inhibited the binding. |
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Binding Ace2 and virus spike protein let the coronavirus and SARS virus go into the human cells. |
Binding Ace2 and virus spike protein let the coronavirus and SARS virus go into the human cells. |
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== Low molecular Fucoidan == |
== Low molecular Fucoidan == |
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[Good points] |
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Low molecular Fucoidan can be absorbed into the body efficiently. There is an example in which the molecular weight of Fucoidan was able to reduce to less than 500 by decomposing Fucoidan into low molecules. |
Low molecular Fucoidan can be absorbed into the body efficiently. There is an example in which the molecular weight of Fucoidan was able to reduce to less than 500 by decomposing Fucoidan into low molecules. |
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The low molecular Fucoidan can be absorbed in the whole body, so it is expected to improve immunity. |
The low molecular Fucoidan can be absorbed in the whole body, so it is expected to improve immunity. |
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[Bad points] |
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By decomposing Fucoidan into low molecular, the combined saccharides will be a few connections, and a few connected saccharides cannot be called Fucoidan, and the effects of Fucoidan itself are hard to be produced. |
By decomposing Fucoidan into low molecular, the combined saccharides will be a few connections, and a few connected saccharides cannot be called Fucoidan, and the effects of Fucoidan itself are hard to be produced. |
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Revision as of 14:42, 3 April 2021
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Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide found mainly in various species of brown algae and brown seaweed such as mozuku, kombu, bladderwrack, wakame, and hijiki (variant forms of fucoidan have also been found in animal species, including the sea cucumber).[1] Variety of saccharides such as Fucose, Xylose, Mannose, Glucose, Galactose, Glucuronic acid, and Galacturonic acid are connected and consisting Fucoidan.
Fucoidan protects seaweed from dryness and invasion of disease germ. About 1kg of Fucoidan is extracted from 1000kg of seaweed. Fucoidan is a dietary fiber contained in seaweed such as kelp, wakame, (a part of mekabu), and mozuku.
Discovery
Fucoidan was discovered by H.Z. Kylin, a Swedish scientist, at Uppsala University in 1913. Fucoidan was named after the scientific name “genus Fucus”. At that time, the molecular structure of Fucoidan was so complicating it was difficult to extract the substance and analyze it. Subsequently, the research made progress after 1970, and it was reported that Fucoidan has anti-cancer properties (apoptosis action) at the Japanese Cancer Society in 1996.
Research
Fucoidins have been investigated in preclinical studies for anti-oxidant, cognitive protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-hyperglycemic activity.[2]
As basic research, these effects below are reported by researchers:
The anti-oxidative effect, anti-cancer properties caused by apoptosis action, anti-angiogenic effect, anti-virus, anti-bacteria, anti-inflammatory action, protective action to the gastric mucosa, facilitation of gastric ulcer healing, improvement of liver function, anti-allergic effect, aluminum adsorption, inhibition of rising blood pressure, inhibition of rising blood sugar, hypocholesterolemic activity, inhibition of neutral fat, improvement of immunity, hair restoring function.
Except for anti-cancer properties, it is reported that Fucoidan has much variety of inhibitions such as pylori, ulcers, allergy, and inflammation.
Fucoidan is a kind of sulfated polysaccharide. In case the sulfate group is a few, and each saccharide does not connect, it will be no longer Fucoidan, which means it won’t be effective as Fucoidan.
Sulfate group combining saccharides is very important to show the real Fucoidan effects.
Anti-genesis of tumor cells
Recently, an enzyme-digested Fucoidan extract attracted a lot of attention due to its anti-tumor potential, which has been intensively investigated. Fucoidan suppresses the growth of tumor cells in vivo and activates the immune system against tumors. Kyushu University and some professors from other Universities had studied if enzyme-digested Fucoidan extracts derived from seaweed mozuku inhibit invasion and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Then, they had published the paper.
First, we evaluated the effect of the Fucoidan extracts on oxidative stress of tumor cells, and demonstrated that intracellular H₂O₂ level and released H₂O₂ from tumor cells were both greatly repressed upon the treatment with the Fucoidan extracts, suggesting that Fucoidan extracts ameliorate oxidative stress of tumor cells.
Also, they tested for the effects of Fucoidan extracts on the invasion ability of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells, showing that Fucoidan extracts significantly inhibit their invasion, possibly via suppressing matrix metalloproteinases (MMSs) MMP-2/9 activities. Further, they investigated the effects of the Fucoidan extracts on angiogenesis of human uterine carcinoma HeLa cells, and found that Fucoidan extracts suppressed expression and secretion of an angiogenesis factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), resulting in suppressed vascular tubules formation of tumor cells. In conclusion, it is clarified that enzyme-digested Fucoidan extracts possess inhibitory effects on invasion and angiogenesis of tumor cells and considered that these effects might be elicited by the anti-oxidative potential of enzyme digested Fucoidan extracts.
FCC HORIUCHI CO., Ltd. (SEA FUCOIDAN manufacturer in Kurume) collaborated the research with Kyushu University. They studied if HORIUCHI L-Fucoidan (HORIUCHI’s original Low molecular Fucoidan) can inhibit binding Ace2 and virus spike protein and they reported the result that HORIUCHI L-Fucoidan inhibited the binding.
Binding Ace2 and virus spike protein let the coronavirus and SARS virus go into the human cells.
If Fucoidan can inhibit this bind, bacteria cannot invade the human body and it can prevent our body from coronavirus.
To evaluate whether Fucoidan inhibits the binding of ACE2-virus spike protein, a kit containing ACE2 and coronavirus spike protein was used. L-Fucoidan or H-Fucoidan (high-molecular-weight) was incubated together with ACE2 and virus spike protein and the binding inhibition activity was measured.
L-Fucoidan showed approximately 100% ACE2-virus spike protein binding inhibition activity at 1.15mg/ml.
On the other hand, H-Fucoidan (high-molecular-weight) showed about 20 to 30% of binding inhibition activity in all the tested concentrations. It did not show as much inhibition activity as L-Fucoidan.
This suggests that the HORIUCHI L-Fucoidan can be expected to have a preventive effect against coronavirus.
High molecules and low molecules
Fucoidan products are classified into the high molecular Fucoidan products and the low molecular Fucoidan products. In the research institute, many researchers debate which molecules is superior. Fucoidan is originally high molecules and its molecular weight is 200,000-300,000. More than 10 kinds of connected Saccharides like Fucose are defined as Fucoidan.
High molecular Fucoidan
It is expected that the original Fucoidan power can be shown and you can feel the effect as it is.
High molecular Fucoidan taken into the body reaches the intestine without being absorbed in the stomach and stimulates the intestine wall after that. It will clean up the digestive tract and improve constipation.
Molecular weight is bigger than the one that the human body can absorb. The molecular weight that the human body can absorb is only less than 3,000, so it is difficult to be absorbed in the body.
Low molecular Fucoidan
Low molecular Fucoidan can be absorbed into the body efficiently. There is an example in which the molecular weight of Fucoidan was able to reduce to less than 500 by decomposing Fucoidan into low molecules.
The low molecular Fucoidan can be absorbed in the whole body, so it is expected to improve immunity.
By decomposing Fucoidan into low molecular, the combined saccharides will be a few connections, and a few connected saccharides cannot be called Fucoidan, and the effects of Fucoidan itself are hard to be produced.
Fucoidan product
As Fucoidan products in Japan, health supplement (drink, capsule, powder, jelly, tablet, etc.), haircare items (shampoo, conditioner, hair tonic, etc.), skincare items (sunscreen, lotion, beauty liquid, etc.) are sold.
See also
References
- ^ Atashrazm F, Lowenthal RM, Woods GM, Holloway AF, Dickinson JL (2015). "Fucoidan and Cancer: A Multifunctional Molecule with Anti-Tumor Potential". Mar Drugs. 13 (4): 2327–2346. doi:10.3390/md13042327. PMC 4413214. PMID 25874926.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ "Looking beyond the terrestrial: the potential of seaweed derived bioactives to treat non-communicable diseases". Mar Drugs. 14 (3): E60. 18 March 2016. doi:10.3390/md14030060. PMC 4820313. PMID 26999166.
{{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter|authors=(help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)