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Islamophobia, relations between Muslims and other religious groups, and populist politics. The Muslim population in Europe is extremely diverse with varied...

2007 Number of Muslims in Germany. Retrieved 13 October 2014 Hackett, Conrad (29 November 2017), "5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe", Pew Research...

legal framework for language rights in Europe. The largest religion in Europe is Christianity, with 76.2% of Europeans considering themselves Christians,...

comparisons, pair-wise Fst of non-European samples were as follows: Europeans – Yoruba (West Africans) 0.1530; Europeans – Chinese 0.1100; Yoruba (West...

Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various ethnic groups that reside in the states of Europe. Groups...

Muslims of Europe". IslamOnline. "Review: Muslims of Europe: The "Other" Europeans, H A Hellyer (2009)". www.academia.edu. Retrieved 14 May 2016. The...

from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2010. Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims. "Quick...

Black Europeans, or sometimes Afro-Europeans or Afropeans, refers to Europeans of the African diaspora. In the European Union (EU) as of 2019, there is...

Wales Islam in France List of British Muslims Muslims in Western Europe Religion in the United Kingdom Islam in the Republic of Ireland "Religious composition...

The flag of Europe or European flag consists of twelve golden stars forming a circle on a blue field. It is the official flag of the European Union. It...

Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's extent varies depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition...

Europe. In 2016, the median age of Muslims throughout Europe was 30.4, 13 years younger than the median age of other Europeans. 50% of all European Muslims...

estimated that the Union's Muslim population in 2009 was 13 million people. The country with the largest number of Muslims in western Europe is believed...

Cultural Muslims, also known as nominal Muslims, non-practicing Muslims or non-observing Muslims, are people who identify as Muslims but are not religious...

This is a list of international, national and subnational flags used in Europe. An incomplete list of flags representing intra-European international and...

sale of Christians to Muslims was banned (pactum Lotharii), the Venetian slave traders began to sell Slavs and other Eastern European non-Christian slaves...

symbol are the players who took part in Muslims' inaugural first-class match on 12–13 September 1912, in which Muslims defeated Europeans by 7 wickets...

Oceania, 6% in Europe, and 1% in the Americas. Most Muslims are of one of two denominations: Sunni Islam (87–90%) and Shia (10–13%). However, other denominations...

Southern Europe is the southern region of Europe. It is also known as Mediterranean Europe, as its geography is marked by the Mediterranean Sea. Definitions...

Russia) which constitute of large populations of European Muslims. Historically significant Muslim populations in Europe include the Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians...

at the Battle of Tours in 732 AD, thus preventing the possible Islamisation of Western Europe. During a later incursion, Muslims established the fortress...

ethnological value." Europeans of the Middle Ages and the early modern period variously applied the name to Arabs, Berbers, and Muslim Europeans. The term has also...

The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500)...

The Council of Europe (CoE; French: Conseil de l'Europe, CdE) is an international organisation with the goal of upholding human rights, democracy and...

For comparisons, pair-wise Fst of non-European samples were as follows: Europeans – Africans (Yoruba) 0.1530; Europeans – Chinese 0.1100; Africans (Yoruba)...

inhabitant of Jerusalem, Muslims and Jews alike. Although many Muslims sought shelter atop the Temple Mount inside the Al-Aqsa Mosque, the Crusaders spared...

During the decline and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Muslim inhabitants (including Turks, Kurds, Albanians, Bosniaks, Circassians, Serb Muslims, Greek...

minority in the Russian Federation, which has the largest Muslim population in Europe. According to the US Department of State in 2017, Muslims in Russia...

towards Islam and Muslims, such as anti-Muslimism, intolerance against Muslims, anti-Muslim prejudice, anti-Muslim bigotry, hatred of Muslims, anti-Islamism...

that if Muslims "taking over" Europe were imminent, Europeans would either forcibly deport their Muslims at best or engage in a genocide of them at worst...

languages not native to Europe are spoken in Europe today. Of the approximately 45 million Europeans speaking non-Indo-European languages, most speak languages...

non-denominational Muslims, Quranist Muslims and Wahhabis (with around 1–2% of the world's total Muslim population) also exist. A study from the Pew Research...

The history of the Jews in Europe spans a period of over two thousand years. Jews, an Israelite tribe from Judea in the Levant, began migrating to Europe...

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The Union has a total...

European emigration is the successive emigration waves from the European continent to other continents. The origins of the various European diasporas...

primarily of French people, other populations included Spaniards in the west of the country, Italians and Maltese in the east, and other Europeans in smaller...

trafficking) refers to the slavery of Europeans, whether by non-Europeans (such as West Asians and North Africans), or by other Europeans (for example naval...

on Muslims and on Muslim targets, including attacks on Muslim graves and mosques. In January 2010, a report from the University of Exeter's European Muslim...

change in the meaning of White that occurred in the colonies (see above) to distinguish Europeans from non-Europeans did not apply to the 'home land'...

Popov, Veselin (2012). "Roma Muslims in the Balkans". Education of Roma Children in Europe. Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 13 April 2012...

Indian Muslim Sheykh Seyfullah Efendi El Hindi in Selamsız. Roma Muslims in Turkey and the Balkans are mostly cultural Muslims or nominal Muslims. Muslim Roma...

Europe divided into warring pockets of Muslims and non-Muslims." Bawer warns that without a change of direction, Europe may eventually face a stark choice...

A Lesson for Europe: American Muslims strive to become model citizens United States Institute of Peace: The Diversity of Muslims in the United States:...

African Americans and other Westernized People of Color. During the Muslim Mughal Empire when the Europeans arrived in South Asia, the Persian word Farang...

component in the Bosniak identity but see it as referring exclusively to the Slavic Muslims in Bosnia. Still others consider all Slavic Muslims in the former...

reveals that Muslims are younger than other Europeans. In 2010, the median age of Muslims throughout Europe was (32), eight years younger than the median for...

Scandinavians, Western Europeans and Southern Europeans, and then Eastern Europeans, Central Europeans and Latin Americans. At the bottom were South and...

one of the reasons may be that "Islam had become more clearly defined, and the line between Muslims and non-Muslims more sharply drawn. Muslims now lived...

Arabs in Europe are people of Arab descent living in Europe today and over the centuries. Several million Arabs are residents in Europe. The vast majority...

of Spanish Florida, and the Russians were the first Europeans to settle in Alaska, establishing Russian America. The first English child born in the Americas...

Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school of jurisprudence, a 2012 survey found 54% of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Muslims to consider themselves just Muslims, while 38%...

others. The Muslim Brotherhood claimed that Muslims did not carry out the Botroseya Church bombing and claimed it was a false flag conspiracy by the Egyptian...

themselves as Tamils. In Tamil Nadu, the majority of Tamil-speaking Muslims belong to the Rowthers Community while other Muslims live in coastal Tamil Nadu. There...

numbers of Muslim Romani, Muslims in these areas that eventually came to constitute contemporary southern Albania were all Albanian speaking Muslims. In southern...

The Concert of Europe was a general agreement among the great powers of 19th-century Europe to maintain the European balance of power, political boundaries...

Muslim rule were known as "People of the Book" to Muslims and held the status of dhimmi, a status that was later also extended to other non-Muslims like...

Poland is Muslim. The majority of Muslims in Poland are Sunni. The first Tatar (Lipka) settlers arrived in the 14th century. Although Muslims were involved...

between Muslims and religious groups in Bulgaria. In 2013, Muslims helped in the repair of a church in Dyranovets. Teachers and pupils from Muslim religious...

legitimate within vast groups of Muslim students" and that "Muslims laugh or command [teachers] to stop when trying to educate about the Holocaust". Additionally...

and Baltic Eastern Europeans as well as Christian Western Europeans. People taken captive during the viking raids in Western Europe, such as Ireland, could...

contained the world's second largest Muslim population, after British India. However, the number of Muslims in the European territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands...

million Europeans immigrated to the American continent. Between 1492 and 1820, approximately 2.6 million Europeans immigrated to the Americas, of whom just...

000 Macedonian Muslims have been assimilated by other Muslim groups, most notably the Albanians. During censuses, Macedonian Muslims' ethnic identity...

trend has been that of Northern Europeans moving toward Southern Europe. Citizens from the European Union make up a growing proportion of immigrants in Portugal...

the European Union), the Assembly does not have the power to create binding laws. However, it speaks on behalf of 700 million Europeans and has the power...

third-largest number of Muslims in the world. The majority of India's Muslims are Sunni, with Shia making up around 15% of the Muslim population. Islam spread...

and Europe. This development forced Western Europeans to find other ways to trade with Asians. Following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman...

peoples—especially from Muslim-majority countries—through mass migration, demographic growth and a drop in the birth rate of white Europeans. Since then, similar...

follows. This battle is said to occur after the Muslims and Christian Romans victoriously fight alongside each other against a common enemy. Following their...

of Muslims in Europe and the Gülen", in Weller, Paul; Ihsan, Yilmaz (eds.), European Muslims, Civility and Public Life: Perspectives On and From the Gülen...

up the vast majority of Indian Muslims. Trade brought many Muslims to China, where they virtually dominated the import and export industry of the Song...

American Muslims, with 1.5 million Muslims in the greater New York metropolitan area, representing the largest metropolitan Muslim population in the Americas...

Sunni Muslims credit him with saving the fledgling Muslim nation from post-civil war anarchy. However, Shia Muslims accuse him of instigating the war,...

because of their marketing of products to Muslims.[dead link] Stop the Islamisation of Europe was inspired by a Danish group of the same name who have held...

Ex-Muslims are people who were raised as Muslims or converted to Islam and later left the religion of Islam. Challenges come from the conditions and history...

the Turfani Turkic Muslims of Emin Khoja by the Qing during the Qing conquest of the Dzungars. Hui Muslims were targeted in slave raids by Muslims of...

Chinese Muslims, Indian Muslims, and Persians. Islamic provinces founded in the Philippines included the Sunni Sultanate of Maguindanao, Sultanate of Sulu...

Arabs and other Muslims. He wrote that the fact that so many Africans had been enslaved even by the heretical Muslims was supposed proof of their inferiority...

The 500 Most Influential Muslims (also known as The Muslim 500) is an annual publication first published in 2009, which ranks the most influential Muslims...

other cultures. Many Europeans also harbored more specific anxieties around Muslim immigration with a fear that Islam is incompatible with European values...

and western Ukraine, long part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It covers much of the other historic regions of Red Ruthenia (centered on Lviv)...

Research, a pan European Muslim Brotherhood organisation which provides guidance to Muslims in Europe. According to its website, it has "hundreds of member organizations...

Muslim." Historian Robert Payne on page 142 in The History of Islam said "The more powerful Muslims and the spread of Islam were knocking on Europe's...

Radical Islam in Europe: Austrian government study concludes 45 % of Muslims unwilling to integrate) Anna Strobel: Unique Legal Status - Muslims in Austria...

term used by Muslims and Persians in particular, during the Middle Ages and later historical periods to refer to Western or Latin Europe. Frangistan literally...

Old Europe to Its Core". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Hussain, Murtaza (25 December 2018). "The Far Right Is Obsessed With a Book About Muslims Destroying...

earlier preached "total ethnic war" between "original" Europeans and Muslims in The Colonization of Europe in 2000, which earned him a criminal conviction for...

The name adopted and used instead of Pomak is Bulgarian Muslims. Bulgarian Muslims do not represent a homogenous community and have a multitude of ethnic...

Old Europe and New Europe are terms used to contrast parts of Europe with each other in a rhetorical way. In the 21st century, the terms have been used...

in southern India. Muslims of Kerala make up 26.56% of the population of the state (2011), and as a religious group they are the second largest group...

than in any other part of Europe, Muslims were still perceived as "alien." Anti-Muslim riots were regular in neighboring Valencia during the 1460s; however...

hegemony over a substantial part of Europe. During much of the Modern Age, the balance was achieved by having a small number of ever-changing alliances contending...

following World War I, and other fascist movements, influenced by Italian Fascism, subsequently emerged across Europe. Among the political doctrines which...

While the majority of the population in the countryside comprised Christians and Muslims from local Levantine ethnicities, many Europeans (primarily French...

Eastern Europeans as well as Christian Western Europeans. People taken captive during the Viking raids in Europe could be sold to Moorish Spain via the Dublin...

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted approximately from 500 AD to 1500, although some...

children born to non-Muslims in Europe (but not specifically in France) is 1.6, while the average number of children born to Muslims is 2.6. This is why there...

population of Muslims and Christians, and a history of ethno-religious conflicts. Muslim–Muslim tickets have been seen by some as threats to the country's...

of others as your own and that you pray for them. Ahmadi Muslims subscribe to the same beliefs as the majority of Muslims, but with a difference of opinion...

2015. Retrieved 25 August 2010. Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims. Most Shias (between 68% and 80%)...