List of wars: 1990–2002

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Graph of conflict deaths from 1990 to 2002. The spike of one-sided violence in 1994 is mostly due to the Rwandan genocide.

This is a list of wars that began between 1990 and 2002. Other wars can be found in the historical lists of wars and the list of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity. Major wars from this era include the Rwandan Civil War in Africa, the Yugoslav Wars in Europe, the Tajikistani Civil War in Asia, and the Cenepa War in South America.

United States is the most successful country in wars having fought 434 wars, winning 395, and losing 16.[1]

Started Ended Name of Conflict Belligerents
Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)
1990 Ongoing DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey  Turkey DHKP-C
1990 1995 Eelam War II

Part of the Sri Lankan Civil War

 Sri Lanka Tamil Tigers
1990 1991 Gulf War  Kuwait
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Saudi Arabia
 France
 Italy
 Canada
 Australia
 Egypt
 Syria
 Qatar
Coalition Forces 		Iraq Iraq
1990 1994 Rwandan Civil War FPR Rwanda Government of Rwanda
 France
 Zaire
Interahamwe
Impuzamugambi
1990 1990 1990 Mindanao crisis  Philippines Federal Republic of Mindanao
1990 1992 Transnistria War

Part of the Transnistria conflict

 Transnistria
 Russian Volunteers
Russia 14th Guards Army
 Ukrainian volunteers
Don Cossacks 		 Moldova
 Romanian volunteers and advisors
1990 1995 Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995)  Mali
 Niger
Ganda Iso 		Arab Islamic Front of Azawad
Popular Front for the Liberation of Azawad
United Movements and Fronts of Azawad
Front for the Liberation of Air and Azaouak
Front for the Liberation of Tamoust
1991 1992 1991–1992 South Ossetia War

Part of the Georgian–Ossetian conflict

 South Ossetia
 North Ossetian volunteers
 Russia
  Georgia
1991 Ongoing Somali Civil War 1986–1991:

Armed rebel groups:

1992–1995:
 United Nations

2006–2009:
Somalia Transitional Federal Government
 Ethiopia
AMISOM
Allied armed groups:

2009–present:
Somalia Federal Government of Somalia
AMISOM
Advisers/Operators
 United States

1986–1991:

Somalia Somali Democratic Republic (until 1991)

Allied rebel groups:

  • SNF (after 1991)

1992–1993:
USC
2006–2009:
Islamic Courts Union
Oromo Liberation Front[2]
Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia
Al-Shabaab
Ras Kamboni Brigades
Jabhatul Islamiya
Muaskar Anole
2009–present:
Al-Qaeda

Foreign Mujahideen
Hizbul Islam

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
(since 2015)

1991 1991 Operation Traíra

Part of the Colombian conflict

 Brazil

 Colombia

FARC
1991 1991 1991 Iraqi uprisings Iraq Ba'athist Iraq Shia militias
 Kurdistan
1991 2002 Sierra Leone Civil War  Sierra Leone
Kamajors
 South African Mercenaries
 Nigerian-led ECOMOG Group
 United Kingdom 		Revolutionary United Front
Armed Forces Revolutionary Council
West Side Boys
 Liberia
1991 1995 Croatian War of Independence

Part of the Yugoslav Wars

 Croatia
  SFR Yugoslavia (1991–1992)
 Republic of Serbian Krajina (1991–1995)
 Republika Srpska (1992–1995)
1991 1991 Ten-Day War

Part of the Yugoslav Wars

 Slovenia  SFR Yugoslavia
1991 1991 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt Soviet Union Government of the Soviet Union
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 		Soviet Union State Committee on the State of Emergency
1991 1994 Djiboutian Civil War  Djibouti
 France 		Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy
1991 1993 Georgian Civil War Georgia (country) Georgian State Council
 Russia
 Georgia (country) Zviadists
National Guard of Georgia
1991 2002 Algerian Civil War  Algerian government Armed Islamic Group (GIA)
1992 1992 1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts  Venezuela Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200
1992 1995 Bosnian War

Part of the Yugoslav Wars

Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Croatian Herzeg-Bosnia (1992; 1994–1995)
 Croatia (1992; 1994–1995)
 NATO (1995) 		 Republika Srpska
 Republic of Serbian Krajina
Western Bosnia (1993-1995)

Supported by:
 FR Yugoslavia

1992 1996 Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) Afghanistan Taliban

Al Qaeda
Supported by:
 Pakistan
 Saudi Arabia

Hezbi Islami(Supported by Pakistan)
Hezb-i Wahdat (Supported by Iran)
Afghanistan Junbish-i Milli (Supported by Uzbekistan and Russia)

Afghanistan Islamic State of Afghanistan
1992 1997 Tajikistani Civil War  Tajikistan
 Russia
 Uzbekistan 		Taliban
 Afghanistan
1992 1993 War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)

Part of the Georgian–Abkhazian conflict and the Georgian Civil War

 Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus 		 Georgia
1992 1992 East Prigorodny conflict North Ossetia–Alania North Ossetian militia and security forces
North Ossetia–Alania North Ossetian Republican Guard
South Ossetia South Ossetian militia
Don Cossacks
Russia Terek Cossacks
Russia Russian Army 		Ingush militia
1993 1994 Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–1994) Republic of the CongoRepublic of the Congo government

GabonGabon

Congolese Party of Labour
1993 1993 1993 Russian constitutional crisis Russia President of Russia
Main Administration of Protection
Ministry of the Interior
Ministry of Defence

FAPSI

Russia Supreme Soviet of Russia
Russia Congress of People's Deputies of Russia
Russia Vice President of Russia
Russia Russian EmpireSoviet UnionRussia

Supporters of the Supreme Soviet and Alexander Rutskoy

1993 2005 Burundian Civil War Government forces:

Burundi Burundian government

Supported by:
United Nations ONUB
African Union Mission in Burundi

Hutu militias:

CNDD-FDD
  FNL

Tutsi militias

1993 2021 Maoist insurgency in Bangladesh  Bangladesh Maoist groups
1994 1996 Chiapas conflict  Mexico Zapatista Army of National Liberation[3]
1994 1994 1994 Zapatista Uprising
Part of the Chiapas conflict 		 Mexico Zapatista Army of National Liberation
1994 2018 Insurgency in Ogaden  Ethiopia Ogaden National Liberation Front
1994 1994 1994 Bophuthatswana crisis BDF Mutineers
SADF 		Government of Bophuthatswana
Afrikaner Volksfront
AWB
1994 1997 Iraqi Kurdish Civil War

Part of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict

PUK

INC
PKK
KCP
 Iran (from 1995)
SCIRI Supported by: United States United States (from 1996)

KDP

Iraq Iraq
 Turkey
PDKI
 Iran (until 1995)

1994 1994 Yemeni Civil War (1994)  Yemen South Yemen Democratic Republic of Yemen
1994 2023 Armenian-Azerbaijani border conflict
Part of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 		 Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

 Armenia
Supported by:
 Russia

 Azerbaijan


Supported by:
 Turkey

1994 1996 First Chechen War

Part of the Chechen–Russian conflict

 Chechen Republic of Ichkeria  Russia
1994 1999 Caprivi conflict  Namibia Caprivi Liberation Army
1995 1995 Cenepa War  Peru  Ecuador
1995 2002 Eelam War III

Part of the Sri Lankan Civil War

 Sri Lanka Tamil Tigers
1995 2018 Second Afar Insurgency

Part of the Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict

 Ethiopia
RSADO
DMLEK
EPLF
ENSF

DFEU

 Eritrea
ARDUF
1995 1995 1995 Sudanese-Ugandan border conflict  Uganda  Sudan
1995 1995 Hanish Islands conflict  Eritrea  Yemen
1996 1999 Arab-Masalit conflict Arab tribes
 Sudan 		Masalit tribes
1996 2006 Nepalese Civil War Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
 Nepal Kingdom of Nepal (Government)
Supported by:
 United States
 India
 United Kingdom
 France
 Portugal
 European Union
 China
1996 2001 Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)

Part of the Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)

Afghanistan Islamic State of Afghanistan
After the September 11 attacks:
 United States of America
 United Kingdom
 Canada
 Australia
Supported by:
 Iran
 India 		Taliban
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
al-Qaeda

Supported by:
 Pakistan
1996 1997 First Congo War Democratic Republic of the Congo AFDL
 Uganda
 Rwanda
 Burundi
 Angola 		 Zaire
UNITA
RwandaArmy for the Liberation of Rwanda
Interahamwe
1996 Ongoing ADF insurgency  Uganda
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 		Allied Democratic Forces
National Army for the Liberation of Uganda
1997 1997 1997 Albanian civil unrest  Albania
 Germany
 Italy 		Albania Ad hoc local Albanian militias
1997 1997 1997 Sudanese-Eritrean border conflict  Eritrea  Sudan
1997 1999 Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)  Republic of the Congo (Denis Sassou Nguesso government)
Cobra militia
Rwandan Hutu militia
 Angola 		 Republic of the Congo (Pascal Lissouba government)
Cocoye militia
Ninja militia
Nsiloulou militia
Mamba militia
1997 1997 1997 clashes in Cambodia Cambodia Hun Sen (CPP)
 Vietnam 		Cambodia Norodom Ranariddh (FUNCINPEC)
Cambodia Khmer Rouge
1998 1998 1998 Monrovia clashes Liberia Liberian government (Taylor loyalists) Liberia Johnson's forces (ex-ULIMO-J)

Limited involvement:

 Nigeria

 United States

1998 1999 Kosovo War

Part of the Yugoslav Wars

Kosovo Liberation Army KLA

Republic of Kosova Republic of Kosova
(Until 1999)

 Yugoslavia
1998 2000 Eritrean–Ethiopian War  Ethiopia

CIS Mercenaries
Supported by:
 Ukraine
Libya Libya
 Bulgaria

 Eritrea

CIS Mercenaries
Supported by:
 Russia
 Belarus
 United States
 Israel

1998 1998 War in Abkhazia (1998)

Part of the Georgian–Abkhazian conflict

 Abkhazia Georgia (country) White Legion

Mkhedrioni
Georgia (country) Forest Brotherhood

1998 1999 Guinea-Bissau Civil War Guinea-Bissau Military rebels

MFDC[4]
Supported by:
 United States

 Guinea-Bissau

 Senegal
 Guinea
Supported by:
 France

1998 2003 Second Congo War Pro-government:
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Angola
 Chad
 Namibia
 Zimbabwe
Anti-Ugandan forces:
LRA
 Sudan (Alleged)

Anti-Rwandan militias:
FDLR

Anti-Burundi militias:

RCD

RCD-Goma
MLC
Forces for Renewal
UPC
Other Tutsi-aligned forces
Supported by:
Uganda Uganda
Rwanda Rwanda
Burundi Burundi
UNITA

1998 1998 1998 Saudi-Yemeni border clash[5][6][7]
1998 2022 Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen Republic of Yemen

Supported by:
 United States

Houthis
Supported by:
 Iran

 al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

Supported by:
al-Shabaab

1999 2002 Maluku sectarian conflict Indonesia Indonesia Muslim society in Maluku

Christian society in Maluku

1999 2005 1999 East Timorese crisis  East Timor

Supported by:
 Australia
 New Zealand
 United Kingdom
 United States
 Portugal

Pro-Indonesian militias
1999 2003 Second Liberian Civil War Liberia Rebel groups:

Guinea Guinea
Supported by:
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone
 United Kingdom
 United States

Liberia Liberian government:

RUF
RDFG
Supported by:
 Moldova

1999 1999 Kargil War

Part of the Indo-Pakistani Wars

 India  Pakistan
1999 2001 Insurgency in the Preševo Valley

Part of the Yugoslav Wars

 FR Yugoslavia UÇPMB
1999 1999 Batken Conflict  Kyrgyzstan
 Uzbekistan 		Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
1999 2003 Ituri conflict

Part of the Second Congo War and the Kivu conflict

Hema tribe:
Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC)

RCD-Kisangani
 Uganda

 Democratic Republic of the Congo
United Nations MONUC
European Union Artemis

Lendu tribe:
Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI)
Front for Patriotic Resistance in Ituri (FRPI)
Popular Front for Justice in Congo (PFJC)

Mai-Mai Simba

1999 1999 War of Dagestan

Part of the Chechen–Russian conflict

 Russia Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan
1999 2009 Second Chechen War

Part of the Chechen–Russian conflict

 Russian Federation Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
(1999–2007)

Caucasian Front
(2005–2007)
Caucasus Emirate
(2007–2009)

2000 2000 Six-Day War (2000)
Part of the Second Congo War 		 Rwanda  Uganda
2000 2005 Second Intifada

Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Israel Israel  Palestinian Authority

Supported by: Iraq (until 2003)

2000 2006 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict

Part of the Israeli–Lebanese conflict

Israel Hezbollah

Supported by:
 Syria[8]
 Iran[8]

2001 2001 2001 insurgency in Macedonia

Part of the Yugoslav Wars

 Macedonia

Arms support:
 Ukraine
 Bulgaria

National Liberation Army
2001 2001 2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes  Bangladesh
  India
2001 2003 Islamist insurgency in Iraqi Kurdistan Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
Kurdistan Democratic Party
United States United States 		Ansar al-Islam[9][10]
Kurdistan Islamic Group[9]
Kurdistan Islamic Movement[11]
al-Qaeda al-Qaeda
2001 2021 War on terror Co-Belligerent States
Other  NATO members
Other participants:
Axis of Resistance and allies:
International missions:
 Terrorist groups:
Afghan Taliban
Pakistani Taliban
Other groups:
Former groups:
2001 2021 Taliban insurgency
Part of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), Afghanistan conflict (1978–present) and War on terror 		Afghanistan Taliban

Allied groups:

Taliban splinter groups: (from 2015)

Alleged support
  Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
RS (2015–present)

Allied militias:

Support:

Formerly:

ISAF (2001–14)
2002 2015 Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines  Republic of the Philippines


 United States of America (advisors)

Jihadist groups:
2002 2003 2002–2003 conflict in the Pool Department  Republic of the Congo Ninja militia
2002 2007 First Ivorian Civil War  Ivory Coast

COJEP
Supported by:

 France
UNOIC

FNCI

 Liberia
Supported by:

2002 Ongoing Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa
 NATO (2001–14)

CJTF-HOA allies:

Non-NATO allies:

 Insurgents:

Pirates:

  • Somali Marines
  • National Volunteer Coast Guard (NVCG)
  • Marka group
  • Puntland Group
  • Yemeni Pirates

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Major contributing nations with more than 200 troops as of May 2015

References[edit]

  1. ^ Idaho wilderness study report. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 1991. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.141654.
  2. ^ Kenya: Seven Oromo Liberation Front Fighters Held in Garissa Allafrica.com (Daily Nation), January 6, 2007
  3. ^ Guzmán, J.L.S. (2003). El enemigo interno: contrainsurgencia y fuerzas armadas en México. Centro de Estudios Estratégicos de América del Norte. p. 166. ISBN 9789707221963. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  4. ^ Minahan, James (2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 400.
  5. ^ "Saudi Arabian-Yemeni Relations: Implications for U.S. Policy | Middle East Policy Council". mepc.org. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
  6. ^ Ehteshami, Anoushiravan; Murphy, Emma C. (March 2013). The International Politics of the Red Sea. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-67074-9.
  7. ^ Jehl, Douglas (1998-07-26). "Border Clash Heightens Yemen-Saudi Tensions". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
  8. ^ a b A. Kaufman. The Israel-Hezbollah Conflict and the Shebaa Farms. The Joan B. Croc Institute. 2006.
  9. ^ a b "Iraqi political groupings and individuals". 2007-03-05. Archived from the original on 2007-03-05. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
  10. ^ Masters of Chaos, Chapter 13 p. 7 Archived 2012-02-14 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ "Ansar al-Islam in Iraqi Kurdistan (Human Rights Watch Backgrounder)". Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  12. ^ Duterte Invites China to Fight Abu Sayyaf Pirates – MaritimeExecutive.com
  13. ^ China confiscates passports of Xinjiang people – BBC News
  14. ^ Sebastian Payne (25 September 2014). "What the 60-plus members of the anti-Islamic State coalition are doing". Washington Post.
  15. ^ "Bangladesh". Coalition Countries. United States Central Command. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  16. ^ Vasudevan Sridharan (23 November 2015). "Cyprus offers its airbase to France to bomb Isis targets". International Business Times UK. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  17. ^ "Allies Express Support for U.S. War on Terror". National Defense Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  18. ^ Stout, David (31 July 2006). "Bush Ties Battle With Hezbollah to War on Terror". The New York Times.
  19. ^ Williams, Dan (8 September 2014). "Israel provides intelligence on Islamic State: Western diplomat". Reuters/Yahoo! News. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  20. ^ "Israel urges global spies to pool resources on IS". AFP/Yahoo! News. 9 September 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  21. ^ "Backing Kuwait's Stand against Terrorism". Washington Institute For Near East Policy.
  22. ^ "Congressional Record, V. 153, PT. 12, June 18, 2007 to June 26, 2007". US Congress: 16154. 2010.
  23. ^ Elisa Vásquez (9 February 2015). "Panama Joins Coalition against ISIS Despite Having No Army". PanAm Post. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  24. ^ "Saudi Arabia's Shifting War on Terror". Washington Institute. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  25. ^ Mike Levine; James Gordon Meek; Pierre Thomas; Lee Ferran (23 September 2014). "What Is the Khorasan Group, Targeted By US in Syria?". ABC News. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  26. ^ "Wilayat al-Yemen: The Islamic State's New Front". Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  27. ^ Penney, Joe (5 October 2011). "The 'War on Terror' rages in the Philippines". Al Jazeera. Qatar. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
    Abuza, Zachary (September 2005). "Balik-Terrorism: The Return of the Abu Sayyag" (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute. United States Army. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  28. ^ "Jemaah Islamiyah". Mapping Militant Organizations. Stanford University. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
    "Profile: Jemaah Islamiah". United Kingdom: BBC News. 2 February 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  29. ^ "Pakistan Taliban splinter group vows allegiance to Islamic State". Reuters. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  30. ^ "ISIS Now Has Military Allies in 11 Countries – NYMag". Daily Intelligencer. 23 November 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  31. ^ "Pakistani splinter group rejoins Taliban amid fears of isolation". Reuters. 12 March 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  32. ^ a b "Islamic extremist groups to merge in Mali, pledge allegiance to al-Quaida". Archived from the original on 4 March 2017.
  33. ^ Thomas Joscelyn (19 November 2014). "UN recognizes ties between Ansar al Sharia in Libya, al Qaeda". Long War Journal. Foundation for Defense of Democracies.
  34. ^ Irshaid, Faisal (13 June 2014). "Profile: Libya's Ansar al-Sharia". BBC News.
  35. ^ Hashem, Mostafa (27 May 2017). "Libyan Islamist group Ansar al-Sharia says it is dissolving". Reuters.
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