List of wars involving Serbia

The following is a list of wars involving Serbia in the late modern period and contemporary history.

The list gives the name, the date, combatants, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

Serbian victory

Serbian defeat

Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)

Ongoing conflict

List[edit]

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Uprising against the Dahije (1804)	Serbia	Dahije	Victory Outbreak of First Serbian Uprising
First Serbian Uprising (1804–1813) Part of the Serbian Revolution	Serbia Supported by: Russia (1807–12)	Dahijas (1804) Ottoman Empire (from 1805) Bosnia Eyalet Pashalik of Scutari Pashalik of Yanina Supported by: France^[1]	Treaty of Bucharest^[2] Abolishment of Serbian rebel government Cause of the Second Serbian uprising
Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) Part of the Serbian Revolution and Russo-Turkish Wars	Russian Empire Moldavia Wallachia Revolutionary Serbia Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (1806–12)	Ottoman Empire	Victory^[2] Treaty of Bucharest
Second Serbian Uprising (1815–1817) Part of the Serbian Revolution	Serbian rebels	Ottoman Empire	Victory Establishment of the autonomous Principality of Serbia Ottoman Empire loses control over the Sanjak of Smederevo
Niš Rebellion (1821)	Serb rebels	Ottoman Empire	Defeat Rebellion suppressed by the Ottomans. Serbian civilians massacred.
Serb uprising (1848–1849) Part of the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire	Serbian Vojvodina Serbian volunteers Austria aid	Hungary Hungary (14 April – 13 August 1849)	Victory Establishment of the autonomous Serbian Vojvodina
Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877) Part of the Great Eastern Crisis	Serb rebels Supported by: Serbia Montenegro	Ottoman Empire	Great Eastern Crisis Serbian–Ottoman Wars Montenegrin–Ottoman War
First Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–1877) Part of the Great Eastern Crisis	Serbia Montenegro Russian Volunteers Bulgarian Volunteers	Ottoman Empire Egypt	Victory Political Victory British public opinion turns against the Ottomans Russian-mediated truce
Second Serbian–Ottoman War (1877–1878) Part of the Great Eastern Crisis and the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)	Serbia Russia	Ottoman Empire Albanian volunteers	Victory De jure independence of Serbia^[3] Tens of thousands of Turkish, Jewish and Albanian civilians expelled Treaty of San Stefano Treaty of Berlin
Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)	Russian Empire Guard of Finland^[4] Principality of Romania Principality of Serbia Principality of Montenegro Bulgarian Legion Serbian rebels	Ottoman Empire Egypt Polish volunteers Albanian volunteers Circassian volunteers^[5] Chechen rebels Abkhazian rebels	Coalition Victory Official recognition of de facto and de jure independence of the Balkan states.^[6] Treaty of San Stefano Treaty of Berlin Treaty of Constantinople
Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885)	Serbia Support by: Austria-Hungary	Bulgaria	Defeat Recognition of Bulgarian unification
Macedonian struggle (1901)	Serbian Chetniks Supported by: Serbia	VMRO Ottoman Empire Albanian Kachaks	Mixed Results Widespread ethnic violence Hostilities largely ceased after the Young Turk Revolution
First Balkan War (1912–1913) Part of the Balkan Wars	Balkan League: Bulgaria Greece Serbia Montenegro Italian Redshirts^[7] Supported by: Russia	Ottoman Empire Circassian volunteers^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] Albanian volunteers and irregulars^[12]^[13]^[14]	Victory^[15] Treaty of London
Serbian invasion of Albania (1912–1913) Part of the Balkan Wars	Kingdom of Serbia Kingdom of Montenegro	Independent Albania Ottoman Empire Albanian guerrillas Albanian Tribesmen	Victory Serbia and Montenegro invade and defeat Ottoman forces and capture Kosovo, Macedonia, Northern Albania and Central Albania. The Serbian army commits massacres against Albanians living in the occupied territories. Serbia forms Drač County and other counties on Albanian-populated lands captured from the Ottomans. Essad Pasha hands Shkodër over to Montenegro in return for Montenegrin support for the foundation of the Republic of Central Albania. Treaty of London Serbia annexes large parts Kosovo and Macedonia and continues to occupy parts of northern Albania until 1920. Albania gains Independence but loses half of its claimed territories gained after the Albanian revolt of 1912.
Tikveš Uprising (1913)	Serbia Chetniks	IMRO Supported by: Bulgaria	Victory The uprising is brutally suppressed and the Bulgarian population is terrorized
Second Balkan War (1913) Part of the Balkan Wars	Serbia Romania Greece Montenegro Ottoman Empire	Bulgaria	Victory Bulgarian defeat Treaty of Bucharest Treaty of Constantinople
Third Peasant Revolt in Albania (September–October 1914)	Republic of Central Albania Support: Kingdom of Serbia Kingdom of Italy	Principality of Albania	Serbo-Italian backed Republic of Central Albania Victory Toptani invades and captures Central Albania and Dibër with Italian and Serb support and reforms the Republic of Central Albania. Durrës is captured by Toptani unopposed.
Serbian campaign and Balkans theatre (1914–1918) Part of the European theatre of World War I	Allied Powers Serbia Montenegro Russia (until 1917) France (from 1915) United Kingdom (from 1915) Italy (from 1915) Greece (from 1917)	Central Powers: Bulgaria (from 1915) Austria-Hungary Germany (from 1915) Ottoman Empire (1916–17)	Victory Liberation of Serbia Dissolution of Austria-Hungary Creation of Yugoslavia Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye Treaty of Neuilly Treaty of Trianon Treaty of Sèvres
Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920) Part of the aftermath of World War I and the Revolutions of 1917–23	Czechoslovakia Romania Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Prekmurje Kingdom of Hungary France	Hungarian Republic Hungarian Soviet Republic Slovak Soviet Republic	Victory Hungarian defeat Collapse of the Hungarian Soviet Republic
1918–1920 unrest in Split (1918–1920) Part of the Adriatic question	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes United States Italy	Italian nationalists renegades Italian Regency of Carnaro	Victory
Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia (1918–1919) Part of the aftermath of World War I	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes	German-Austria Carinthia	Military victory Carinthian plebiscite
Christmas Uprising (1919) Part of the aftermath of World War I and the creation of Yugoslavia	Montenegrin Whites Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes	Montenegrin Greens Italy	Montenegrin Whites Victory Uprising suppressed
Drenica-Dukagjin Uprisings (1919-1924)	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes	Kosovar Albanians Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo Diplomatic support: Albania	Victory Death of Azem Galica Dissolution of the Kosovo Committee Thousands of Albanian civilians massacred or deported
Koplik War (1920-1921)	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes	Principality of Albania	Mixed results Yugoslav army invades Northern Albania Yugoslavs are eventually forced to withdraw due to international pressure United Kingdom insists on slight adaptations in the regions of Debar, Prizren and Kastrati in the interest of Yugoslavia.
Albanian-Yugoslav Border War (1921)	Kingdom of Yugoslavia Kingdom of Greece Republic of Mirdita	Principality of Albania	Peace brokered by the League of Nations Yugoslav Recognition of Albanian sovereignty and Border Slight adjustments of the Albanian border in favor of Yugoslavia Mirdita rebels disbanded
Zogu Invasion of Albania (1924)	Ahmet Zogu supporters (Mati Tribesmen) Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Royal Yugoslav Army Russian White émigré	Fan Noli supporters (Albanian peasants) Principality of Albania Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo	Zogu-Yugoslav Victory Fan Noli is ousted from power. Ahmet Zogu forms the Albanian Republic and is made dictator. Zogu's forces assassinate the leadership of the Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo.
Invasion of Yugoslavia (1941) Part of the Balkans campaign and Mediterranean theatre of World War II	Yugoslavia	Axis Germany Italy Hungary Bulgaria	Defeat Axis occupation of Yugoslavia Axis occupation of Serbia Partition of Yugoslavia Creation of pro-Axis puppet regimes Continued anti-Axis resistance and beginning of Yugoslav civil war
World War II in Yugoslavia (1941–1945) Part of the European theatre of World War II	Allies Yugoslav Partisans Soviet Union (from 1944) Aerial and logistics support: United Kingdom (1943–45 United States (limited) Former Axis powers: Bulgaria (1944–45) Other factions: LANÇ (1944–45) Supported by: Yugoslav government-in-exile (1944–45) Chetniks Supported by: Yugoslav government-in-exile (1941–44) Western Allies: United Kingdom (1941–43) United States (1941–43)	Axis Germany Italy (1941–43) Hungary (1941–44) Bulgaria (1941–44) Croatia^[a] German puppet states and governments: Government of National Salvation (1941–44) German-occupied territory of Montenegro (1943–1944) Albania (1943–44) Government of National Unity (1944–45) Italian protectorates and dependencies: Albania (1941–43) Governate of Montenegro (1941–43) Chetniks (against Partisans)	Yugoslav Partisan Victory Defeat of Nazi Germany and Axis in Yugoslavia Defeat and overthrow of the Independent State of Croatia, Government of National Salvation and other Axis collaborators Defeat of the Chetniks and their emigration Communist-led Partisans abolish the Yugoslav monarchy Establishment of Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia under the rule of Josip Broz Tito Postwar Titoist mass killings and repression Communist purges in Serbia in 1944–45
Ten-Day War (1991) Part of the Yugoslav Wars	SFR Yugoslavia	Slovenia	Defeat Slovenian victory
Croatian War of Independence^[b] (1991–1995) Part of the Yugoslav Wars	Serbian Krajina SFR Yugoslavia (1991–92) Republika Srpska (1992–95) Supported by: FR Yugoslavia	Croatia Bosnia and Herzegovina (1994–95)	Defeat Over 20,000 dead Decisive victory for the Croatian Armed Forces Retreat of Serbian Army of Krajina to Bosnia Exodus of most Serbs from Krajina.^[16] End of siege of Bihać Erdut Agreement
War in Bosnia^[c] (1992–1995) Part of the Yugoslav Wars	Republika Srpska Serbian Krajina Western Bosnia (1993–95) Supported by: FR Yugoslavia	Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatian Herzeg-Bosnia Croatia NATO (1995) Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States	Military stalemate Internal partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Dayton Accords Over 101,000 dead Deployment of NATO-led forces to oversee the peace agreement
Kosovo War (1998–1999) Part of the Yugoslav Wars	FR Yugoslavia	UÇK NATO (1999) Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States Supported by: Albania	Military Stalemate^[17] Kumanovo Treaty Yugoslav forces pull out of Kosovo FR Yugoslavia de facto loses control over Kosovo United Nations Resolution 1244 confirms Yugoslav sovereignty over Kosovo International peacekeeping force deployed in Kosovo Expulsion of over half of the Serb and other non-Albanian civilians UÇK disbanded UÇK veterans join the UÇPMB, starting the Preševo insurgency and 2001 insurgency in Macedonia Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević in 2000
Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (1999–2001) ^{[citation needed]}Part of the Yugoslav Wars	FR Yugoslavia	UÇPMB	Victory^[18] Končulj Agreement^[19] Yugoslavia retakes the buffer zone^[18] UÇPMB disbanded NLA founded Insurgency in Macedonia

Footnotes[edit]

^ Acceded to the Tripartite Pact, generally considered Axis powers (see e.g., Facts About the American Wars, Bowman, p. 432, which includes them in a list of "Axis powers", or The Library of Congress World War II Companion, Wagner, Osborne, & Reyburn, p. 39, which lists them as "The Axis").
^ Direct involvement until early 1992. After the proclamation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in April 1992, all units of former Yugoslav People's Army were withdrawn from territories of Croatia and Bosnia. Despite this, various paramilitary groups from FRY continued to fight in Croatia
^ Officially Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (and Serbia as part of it) did not participate in Bosnian War. However, various Serbian paramilitaries were directly involved in conflicts.

^ Meriage, Lawrence P. (27 January 2017). "The First Serbian Uprising (1804-1813) and the Nineteenth-Century Origins of the Eastern Question". Slavic Review. 37 (3): 421–439. doi:10.2307/2497684. JSTOR 2497684. S2CID 222355180.
^ ^a ^b Davis, G. Doug; Slobodchikoff, Michael O. (2018). Cultural Imperialism and the Decline of the Liberal Order: Russian and Western Soft Power in Eastern Europe. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 88. ISBN 9781498585873.
^ Benbassa, Esther; Rodrigue, Aron, eds. (2000). Sephardi Jewry: A History of the Judeo-Spanish Community, 14th-20th Centuries. University of California Press. p. 66. ISBN 9780520218222.
^ Torsten Ekman (2006). Suomen kaarti 1812–1905 (in Finnish). Helsinki: Schildts. ISBN 951-50-1534-0.
^ Daur, Soner. Plevne'de Çerkesler
^ Crampton, Richard; Crampton, Benjamin (2016). Atlas of Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century. Routledge. p. 15. ISBN 9781317799528.
^ Egidio Ivetic, Le guerre balcaniche, il Mulino - Universale Paperbacks, 2006, p. 63
^ "Там /в Плевенско и Търновско/ действително се говори, че тези черкези отвличат деца от българи, загинали през последните събития." (Из доклада на английския консул в Русе Р. Рийд от 16.06.1876 г. до английския посланик в Цариград Х. Елиот. в Н. Тодоров, Положението, с. 316)
^ Hacısalihoğlu, Mehmet. Kafkasya'da Rus Kolonizasyonu, Savaş ve Sürgün (PDF). Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi.
^ BOA, HR. SYS. 1219/5, lef 28, p. 4
^ Karataş, Ömer. The Settlement of the Caucasian Emigrants in the Balkans during lkans duringthe 19th Century Century
^ Gawrych, George (2006). The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913. IB Tauris. p. 202. ISBN 9781845112875. "When the First Balkan War broke out, a majority of Albanians, even habitual rebels such as Isa Boletin, rallied in defense of the din ve devlet ve vatan in order to preserve intact their Albanian lands. Lacking a national organization of their own, Albanians had no choice but to rely on Ottoman institutions, its army, and its government for protection from partition. Both failed them miserably in the face of four invading Balkan armies, and as a result foreign invasion and occupation severed that link between the Albanian Eagle and the Ottoman Crescent."
^ Kondis, Basil (1976). Greece and Albania, 1908–1914. Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies. p. 84. ISBN 9798840949085. The Albanian forces fought on the side of Turkey not because they desired a continuance of Turkish rule but because they believed that together with the Turks, they would be able to defend their territory and prevent the partition of "Greater Albania
^ Hall, Richard C. (4 January 2002). The Balkan Wars 1912-1913: Prelude to the First World War. Routledge. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-134-58363-8. Retrieved 19 April 2022. Ottoman regulars supported by Albanian irregulars continued in central and southern Albania even after the signing of the armistice in December 1912
^ Anagnostopoulos, Archimandrite Nikodemos (2017). Orthodoxy and Islam: Theology and Muslim–Christian Relations in Modern Greece and Turkey. Taylor & Francis. p. 75. ISBN 9781315297927.
^ "Croats and Serbs still bitter after genocide verdict". BBC News. 2015-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
^
References:
- Stigler, Andrew L. (Winter 2002–2003). "A clear victory for air power: NATO's empty threat to invade Kosovo". International Security. 27 (3): 124–157. JSTOR 3092116.
- Biddle, Stephen (2002). "The new way of war? Debating the Kosovo model". Foreign Affairs. 81 (3): 148–139. JSTOR 20033168.
- Dixon, Paul (2003). "Victory by spin? Britain, the US and the propaganda war over Kosovo". Civil Wars. 6 (4): 83–106. doi:10.1080/13698240308402556.
- Harvey, Frank P (2006). "Getting NATO's success in Kosovo right: The theory and logic of counter-coercion". Conflict Management and Peace Science. 23 (2): 139–158. JSTOR 26275265.
^ ^a ^b Holley, David (25 May 2001). "Yugoslavia Occupies Last of Kosovo Buffer". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
^ "Southern Serbia's Fragile Peace". International Crisis Group. 9 December 2003. Archived from the original on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2012.

[16] Acceded to the Tripartite Pact, generally considered Axis powers (see e.g., Facts About the American Wars, Bowman, p. 432, which includes them in a list of "Axis powers", or The Library of Congress World War II Companion, Wagner, Osborne, & Reyburn, p. 39, which lists them as "The Axis").

[17] Direct involvement until early 1992. After the proclamation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in April 1992, all units of former Yugoslav People's Army were withdrawn from territories of Croatia and Bosnia. Despite this, various paramilitary groups from FRY continued to fight in Croatia

[19] Officially Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (and Serbia as part of it) did not participate in Bosnian War. However, various Serbian paramilitaries were directly involved in conflicts.

[1] Meriage, Lawrence P. (27 January 2017). "The First Serbian Uprising (1804-1813) and the Nineteenth-Century Origins of the Eastern Question". Slavic Review. 37 (3): 421–439. doi:10.2307/2497684. JSTOR 2497684. S2CID 222355180.

[Davis_&_Slobodchikoff-2] Davis, G. Doug; Slobodchikoff, Michael O. (2018). Cultural Imperialism and the Decline of the Liberal Order: Russian and Western Soft Power in Eastern Europe. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 88. ISBN 9781498585873.

[3] Benbassa, Esther; Rodrigue, Aron, eds. (2000). Sephardi Jewry: A History of the Judeo-Spanish Community, 14th-20th Centuries. University of California Press. p. 66. ISBN 9780520218222.

[4] Torsten Ekman (2006). Suomen kaarti 1812–1905 (in Finnish). Helsinki: Schildts. ISBN 951-50-1534-0.

[5] Daur, Soner. Plevne'de Çerkesler

[6] Crampton, Richard; Crampton, Benjamin (2016). Atlas of Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century. Routledge. p. 15. ISBN 9781317799528.

[7] Egidio Ivetic, Le guerre balcaniche, il Mulino - Universale Paperbacks, 2006, p. 63

[8] "Там /в Плевенско и Търновско/ действително се говори, че тези черкези отвличат деца от българи, загинали през последните събития." (Из доклада на английския консул в Русе Р. Рийд от 16.06.1876 г. до английския посланик в Цариград Х. Елиот. в Н. Тодоров, Положението, с. 316)

[9] Hacısalihoğlu, Mehmet. Kafkasya'da Rus Kolonizasyonu, Savaş ve Sürgün (PDF). Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi.

[10] BOA, HR. SYS. 1219/5, lef 28, p. 4

[11] Karataş, Ömer. The Settlement of the Caucasian Emigrants in the Balkans during lkans duringthe 19th Century Century

[Gawrych202-12] Gawrych, George (2006). The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913. IB Tauris. p. 202. ISBN 9781845112875. "When the First Balkan War broke out, a majority of Albanians, even habitual rebels such as Isa Boletin, rallied in defense of the din ve devlet ve vatan in order to preserve intact their Albanian lands. Lacking a national organization of their own, Albanians had no choice but to rely on Ottoman institutions, its army, and its government for protection from partition. Both failed them miserably in the face of four invading Balkan armies, and as a result foreign invasion and occupation severed that link between the Albanian Eagle and the Ottoman Crescent."

[13] Kondis, Basil (1976). Greece and Albania, 1908–1914. Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies. p. 84. ISBN 9798840949085. The Albanian forces fought on the side of Turkey not because they desired a continuance of Turkish rule but because they believed that together with the Turks, they would be able to defend their territory and prevent the partition of "Greater Albania

[14] Hall, Richard C. (4 January 2002). The Balkan Wars 1912-1913: Prelude to the First World War. Routledge. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-134-58363-8. Retrieved 19 April 2022. Ottoman regulars supported by Albanian irregulars continued in central and southern Albania even after the signing of the armistice in December 1912

[15] Anagnostopoulos, Archimandrite Nikodemos (2017). Orthodoxy and Islam: Theology and Muslim–Christian Relations in Modern Greece and Turkey. Taylor & Francis. p. 75. ISBN 9781315297927.

[18] "Croats and Serbs still bitter after genocide verdict". BBC News. 2015-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-26.

[20] References:
Stigler, Andrew L. (Winter 2002–2003). "A clear victory for air power: NATO's empty threat to invade Kosovo". International Security. 27 (3): 124–157. JSTOR 3092116.

Biddle, Stephen (2002). "The new way of war? Debating the Kosovo model". Foreign Affairs. 81 (3): 148–139. JSTOR 20033168.

Dixon, Paul (2003). "Victory by spin? Britain, the US and the propaganda war over Kosovo". Civil Wars. 6 (4): 83–106. doi:10.1080/13698240308402556.

Harvey, Frank P (2006). "Getting NATO's success in Kosovo right: The theory and logic of counter-coercion". Conflict Management and Peace Science. 23 (2): 139–158. JSTOR 26275265.

[21] Stigler, Andrew L. (Winter 2002–2003). "A clear victory for air power: NATO's empty threat to invade Kosovo". International Security. 27 (3): 124–157. JSTOR 3092116.

[22] Biddle, Stephen (2002). "The new way of war? Debating the Kosovo model". Foreign Affairs. 81 (3): 148–139. JSTOR 20033168.

[23] Dixon, Paul (2003). "Victory by spin? Britain, the US and the propaganda war over Kosovo". Civil Wars. 6 (4): 83–106. doi:10.1080/13698240308402556.

[24] Harvey, Frank P (2006). "Getting NATO's success in Kosovo right: The theory and logic of counter-coercion". Conflict Management and Peace Science. 23 (2): 139–158. JSTOR 26275265.

[Holley_2011-05-25-21] Holley, David (25 May 2001). "Yugoslavia Occupies Last of Kosovo Buffer". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2012.

[22] "Southern Serbia's Fragile Peace". International Crisis Group. 9 December 2003. Archived from the original on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2012.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[a]

[b]

[16]

[c]

[17]

[18]

[19]

v t e Lists of wars involving European countries
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies and other entities	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard

List[edit]

See also[edit]

Footnotes[edit]