Terence Lewin

The Lord Lewin
The Lord Lewin
	Admiral Sir Terence Lewin
Born	19 November 1920; Dover, Kent, England
Died	23 January 1999 (aged 78); Ufford, Suffolk, England
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	Royal Navy
Years of service	1939–1982
Rank	Admiral of the Fleet
Commands held	Chief of the Defence Staff; First Sea Lord; Naval Home Command; Commander-in-Chief Fleet; HMS Hermes; HMS Tenby; HMS Urchin; HMS Corunna
Battles/wars	Second World War; Falklands War
Awards	Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter; Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath; Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order; Distinguished Service Cross; Mentioned in Despatches (3)

Admiral of the Fleet Terence Thornton Lewin, Baron Lewin, KG, GCB, LVO, DSC (19 November 1920 – 23 January 1999) was a Royal Navy officer. He served in the Second World War and then commanded a destroyer, the Royal yacht, two frigates and an aircraft carrier before achieving higher command. He was First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff in the late 1970s and in that role he worked hard to secure a decent wage for servicemen and helped win them a 32% pay rise. He went on to be Chief of the Defence Staff during the Falklands War, serving as chief war planner and as Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's chief advisor during the war. He was also the first Chief of Defence Staff to act as head of the Armed Forces rather than just Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee.

Naval career[edit]

Born the son of Eric Lewin and Maggie Lewin (née Falconer)^[1] and educated at The Judd School in Tonbridge, where he was head prefect in 1938, Lewin joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in 1939.^[2] He was initially posted to the training ship HMS Vindictive but when the Second World War broke out in September 1939 he transferred to the cruiser HMS Belfast and then two months later to the battleship HMS Valiant.^[3]

In the Valiant he took part in the Norwegian Campaign in April and May 1940 and then in the attack on the French Fleet at Mers-el-Kébir in July 1940.^[3] He transferred to the destroyer HMS Highlander in October 1941 and then to the destroyer HMS Ashanti in January 1942.^[3] During a long period of service in the Ashanti he took part in the Arctic Convoys, and having been promoted to lieutenant on 1 July 1942, he took part in Operation Pedestal to relieve Malta in August 1942 and then the allied landings in North Africa in November 1942 before returning to the Arctic Convoys again and finally taking part in the allied landings in Normandy in June 1944.^[3] He served with distinction being mentioned in despatches three times^[4]^[5]^[6] and being awarded the Distinguished Service Cross in 1942 for saving the lives of many fellow servicemen when the destroyer HMS Somali was hit by a torpedo.^[7]^[8]

Lewin attended the gunnery school at HMS Excellent in Spring 1945 and then joined the staff there in May 1945.^[3] He was posted to the cruiser HMS Bellona as gunnery officer in April 1946 and, after attending the advanced gunnery course at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, in 1947, he returned to the staff at HMS Excellent in December.^[3] Promoted to lieutenant commander on 1 July 1949,^[9] he became gunnery officer of the First Destroyer Flotilla in the Mediterranean Fleet.^[10] He rejoined the staff of HMS Excellent in January 1952 and, having been promoted to commander on 31 December 1952,^[11] he joined the staff of the Second Sea Lord at the Admiralty in December 1953.^[10]

Lewin was given command of the destroyer HMS Corunna in October 1955^[3] before joining HMY Britannia in April 1957 as the executive officer.^[3] Promoted to captain on 30 June 1958,^[12] he went back to the Admiralty as Assistant Director of the Tactical Ship Requirements and Staff Duties Division in November 1958 and then, having been appointed a Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order in the 1959 New Year Honours,^[13] he became Assistant Director of the Tactical and Weapons Policy Division in 1960.^[10] After attending the Imperial Defence College in 1961,^[10] he was appointed Captain (F) of the 17th Frigate Squadron in December 1961 sailing successively in the frigates HMS Urchin and then HMS Tenby.^[10] He went back to the Admiralty again as Director of Tactical and Weapons Policy in December 1963 and took command of the aircraft carrier HMS Hermes in May 1966.^[10] He was appointed Naval Aide-de-Camp to the Queen on 7 July 1967^[14] and promoted to rear admiral on 7 January 1968,^[15] on appointment as Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Policy) before becoming Flag Officer Second in Command Far East Fleet in August 1969.^[10] Promoted to vice admiral on 7 October 1970,^[16] he became Vice Chief of the Naval Staff in January 1971.^[17] He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1973 New Year Honours.^[18] As VCNS two of his most important projects were the approval of the Sea Harrier and the beginning of "group deployments," as the UK's far-flung naval forces had mostly disappeared.^[19] He was promoted to full admiral on 1 December 1973,^[20] on appointment as Commander-in-Chief Fleet and NATO Commander-in-Chief, Channel and Commander-in-Chief Eastern Atlantic and became Commander-in-Chief Naval Home Command in November 1975^[17] before being advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the 1976 Birthday Honours.^[21]

Lewin was appointed First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff on 1 March 1977.^[22] In that role he worked hard to secure a decent wage for servicemen and helped win them a 32% pay rise.^[8] Promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 6 July 1979,^[23] he went on to be Chief of the Defence Staff in September 1979 and served as a member of the War Cabinet during the Falklands War giving Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher his resolute support when losses began to be suffered.^[24]

Lewin was the first Chief of Defence Staff to act as Head of the Armed Forces rather than just Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee.^[25] He was created a life peer, as Baron Lewin, of Greenwich in Greater London in October 1982^[26] on his retirement.^[25]

Later life[edit]

In retirement, Lewin became Chairman of the Trustees of the National Maritime Museum, President of the Society for Nautical Research, a Liveryman of the Skinners' Company and of the Shipwrights' Company and an elder brother of Trinity House.^[27] His interests included military history: he was an expert on the life of Captain Cook.^[8] He was appointed a Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter in April 1983.^[25] He died at his home at Ufford in Suffolk on 23 January 1999.^[25]

Family[edit]

In 1944, Lewin married Jane Branch-Evans; they had two sons and a daughter.^[3]

Coat of Arms[edit]

Coat of arms of Terence Lewin, Baron Lewin, KG, GCB, LVO, DSC
	Coronet Coronet of a Baron Crest Out of a Naval Crown Azure, a Lion rampant in trian aspect Or, on its head a Baron's Coronet and Cap of Estate proper, brandishing in the dexter paw a Sword proper, Hilt, Knuckle Guard and Pommel in the form of an eagle's head Gold. Escutcheon Quarterly Gules and Azure, three Boars' Heads, two and one, couped Or, tusked Argent, on a Chief barry wavy of four Bleu Celeste and Argent, a Naval Gun circa 1800 proper, mounted on its Carriage Gold. Supporters Dexter: an Able Seaman of Her Majesty's Ship Victory, wearing the South Atlantic Medal proper. Sinister: a Royal Marine, wearing the South Atlantic Medal proper. The whole upon a Compartment comprising a Grassy Mount with Outcrops of Rock proper, and having on each side a Sea Inlet barry wavy Argent and Azure. Motto FLEXIBLE BUT FIRM OF PURPOSE Other elements Order of the Garter circlet bearing the inscription HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE Symbolism The three boar's heads are taken from the arms of Sir Andrew Judde, Lord Mayor of London in 1550/1, as a tribute to the Judd School in Tonbridge where Lord Lewin was educated. The red and blue background echoes the arms of an earlier Lewin family. The naval cannon is an appropriate emblem for a naval officer who has seen active service, and it is set against a pattern of blue and white waves for the sea.^[28]

References[edit]

^ Richard Hill (September 2004). "Lewin, Terence Thornton, Baron Lewin (1920–1999)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/71891. Retrieved 30 August 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
^ Heathcote, p. 155
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Heathcote, p. 156
^ "No. 35679". The London Gazette. 21 August 1942. p. 3719.
^ "No. 36676". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 August 1944. p. 4010.
^ "No. 36794". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 November 1944. p. 5224.
^ "No. 35805". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 November 1942. p. 5226.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Obituary: Admiral of the Fleet Lord Lewin". The Independent. 25 January 1999. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
^ "No. 38681". The London Gazette. 2 August 1949. p. 3760.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Heathcote, p. 157
^ "No. 39749". The London Gazette. 9 January 1953. p. 220.
^ "No. 41450". The London Gazette. 18 July 1958. p. 4514.
^ "No. 41589". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1958. p. 5.
^ "No. 44365". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 July 1967. p. 7881.
^ "No. 44405". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 September 1967. p. 9891.
^ "No. 45214". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 October 1970. p. 11458.
^ ^a ^b Heathcote, p. 158
^ "No. 45860". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1972. p. 2.
^ Hill, Lewin of Greenwich," 2012; Roberts, Safeguarding the Nation," 2009.
^ "No. 46138". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 November 1973. p. 14081.
^ "No. 46919". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 June 1976. p. 8016.
^ "No. 47173". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 March 1977. p. 3571.
^ "No. 47904". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 July 1979. p. 8998.
^ Heathcote, p.159; Stephen Prince "British command and control in the Falklands Campaign." Defense & Security Analysis 18.4 (2002): 333–349.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Heathcote, p. 159
^ "No. 49176". The London Gazette. 24 November 1982. p. 15347.
^ People of Today 1994, Debrett, ISBN 1 870520 19 X
^ Chessyre, Hubert (1994–1995). "The Heraldry of the Garter Banners" (PDF). Report of the Society of the Friends of St George's and the Descendants of the Knights of the Garter. VII (6): 254. Retrieved 19 January 2022.

Sources[edit]

Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734 – 1995. Pen & Sword Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-835-6.
Rear-Admiral Richard Hill (2000). Lewin of Greenwich. Weidenfeld Military. ISBN 978-0-304-35329-3.
Prince, Stephen. "British command and control in the Falklands Campaign." Defense & Security Analysis 18.4 (2002): 333–349.

Military offices
Preceded by Sir Edward Ashmore	Vice Chief of the Naval Staff 1971–1973	Succeeded by Sir John Treacher
Preceded by Sir Edward Ashmore	Commander-in-Chief Fleet 1973–1975	Succeeded by Sir John Treacher
Preceded by Sir Derek Empson	Commander-in-Chief Naval Home Command 1975–1976	Succeeded by Sir David Williams
Preceded by Sir Edward Ashmore	First Sea Lord 1977–1979	Succeeded by Sir Henry Leach
Preceded by Sir Neil Cameron	Chief of the Defence Staff 1979–1982	Succeeded by Sir Edwin Bramall

v t e First Sea Lords of the Royal Navy
Senior Naval Lords (1689–1771)	Arthur Herbert Sir John Chicheley Edward Russell Henry Priestman Earl of Orford Sir George Rooke Sir John Leake Sir George Byng Sir John Leake Sir George Byng Matthew Aylmer Sir George Byng Sir John Jennings Sir John Norris Sir Charles Wager Lord Archibald Hamilton Lord Harry Powlett Lord Archibald Hamilton Lord Vere Beauclerk Lord Anson Sir William Rowley Edward Boscawen Sir William Rowley Edward Boscawen John Forbes Earl Howe Sir Charles Saunders Augustus Keppel Sir Peircy Brett Sir Francis Holburne
First Naval Lords (1771–1904)	Augustus Hervey Sir Hugh Palliser Robert Man George Darby Sir Robert Harland Sir Hugh Pigot John Leveson-Gower Lord Hood Sir Charles Middleton James Gambier Sir Thomas Troubridge James Gambier John Markham James Gambier Sir Richard Bickerton William Domett Sir Joseph Yorke Sir Graham Moore Sir William Johnstone Hope Sir George Cockburn Sir Thomas Hardy The Hon. George Dundas Charles Adam Sir George Cockburn Sir Charles Adam Sir George Cockburn Sir William Parker Sir Charles Adam Sir James Dundas The Hon. Maurice Berkeley Hyde Parker The Hon. Maurice Berkeley The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas William Martin The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas The Hon. Sir Frederick Grey Sir Alexander Milne Sir Sydney Dacres Sir Alexander Milne Sir Hastings Yelverton Sir George Wellesley Sir Astley Key Sir Arthur Hood Lord John Hay Sir Arthur Hood Sir Richard Hamilton Sir Anthony Hoskins Sir Frederick Richards Lord Walter Kerr
First Sea Lords (1904–present)	Sir John Fisher Sir Arthur Wilson Sir Francis Bridgeman Prince Louis of Battenberg The Lord Fisher Sir Henry Jackson Sir John Jellicoe Sir Rosslyn Wemyss The Earl Beatty Sir Charles Madden, Bt Sir Frederick Field The Lord Chatfield Sir Roger Backhouse Sir Dudley Pound The Lord Cunningham of Hyndhope Sir John Cunningham The Lord Fraser of North Cape Sir Rhoderick McGrigor The Earl Mountbatten of Burma Sir Charles Lambe Sir Caspar John Sir David Luce Sir Varyl Begg Sir Michael Le Fanu Sir Peter Hill-Norton Sir Michael Pollock Sir Edward Ashmore Sir Terence Lewin Sir Henry Leach Sir John Fieldhouse Sir William Staveley Sir Julian Oswald Sir Benjamin Bathurst Sir Jock Slater Sir Michael Boyce Sir Nigel Essenhigh Sir Alan West Sir Jonathon Band Sir Mark Stanhope Sir George Zambellas Sir Philip Jones Sir Antony Radakin Sir Ben Key

Authority control databases
International	FAST VIAF
National	United States
People	UK Parliament
Other	SNAC