خلال

See also: حلال

Arabic

Etymology 1

Adverbial accusative of the plural of خَلَل (ḵalal, “gap”), i.e. “between the gap of”.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Preposition

خِلَالَ • (ḵilāla)

1. during, in the course of

   خِلَالَ القِسْمِ الأَكْبَرِ مِنْ القُرُونِ الوُسْطَى الأُورُوبِيَّة

   ḵilāla al-qismi l-ʔakbari min al-qurūni l-wusṭā l-ʔūrūbiyya

   during the most part of European Middle Ages

   • 2009 July 5, “رئيس الاركان الامريكي يحذر من ضرب ايران”, in BBC Arabic‎^[1]:

     قد تعهد خلال حملته الانتخابيَة بفتح حوار مع ايران

     qad taʕahhada xilāla ḥamlatihi al-ʔintixābiyyati bi-fataḥa ḥiwāran maʕa ʔīrān

     During his election campaign, he pledged to open dialogue with Iran.

Inflection

Inflected forms
Base form					خِلَالَ (ḵilāla)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Dual	Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Common	Masculine	Feminine
First person	خِلَالِي (ḵilālī)			خِلَالَنَا (ḵilālanā)
Second person	خِلَالَكَ (ḵilālaka)	خِلَالَكِ (ḵilālaki)	خِلَالَكُمَا (ḵilālakumā)	خِلَالَكُمْ (ḵilālakum)	خِلَالَكُنَّ (ḵilālakunna)
Third person	خِلَالَهُ (ḵilālahu)	خِلَالَهَا (ḵilālahā)	خِلَالَهُمَا (ḵilālahumā)	خِلَالَهُمْ (ḵilālahum)	خِلَالَهُنَّ (ḵilālahunna)

Etymology 2

Root
خ ل ل (ḵ-l-l)

Noun

خِلَال • (ḵilāl) m (plural أَخِلَّة (ʔaḵilla))

1. toothpick, spit, drill, and other instruments used for picking or perforating

Declension

Declension of noun خِلَال (ḵilāl)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خِلَال ḵilāl	الْخِلَال al-ḵilāl	خِلَال ḵilāl
Nominative	خِلَالٌ ḵilālun	الْخِلَالُ al-ḵilālu	خِلَالُ ḵilālu
Accusative	خِلَالًا ḵilālan	الْخِلَالَ al-ḵilāla	خِلَالَ ḵilāla
Genitive	خِلَالٍ ḵilālin	الْخِلَالِ al-ḵilāli	خِلَالِ ḵilāli
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خِلَالَيْن ḵilālayn	الْخِلَالَيْن al-ḵilālayn	خِلَالَيْ ḵilālay
Nominative	خِلَالَانِ ḵilālāni	الْخِلَالَانِ al-ḵilālāni	خِلَالَا ḵilālā
Accusative	خِلَالَيْنِ ḵilālayni	الْخِلَالَيْنِ al-ḵilālayni	خِلَالَيْ ḵilālay
Genitive	خِلَالَيْنِ ḵilālayni	الْخِلَالَيْنِ al-ḵilālayni	خِلَالَيْ ḵilālay
Plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَخِلَّة ʔaḵilla	الْأَخِلَّة al-ʔaḵilla	أَخِلَّة ʔaḵillat
Nominative	أَخِلَّةٌ ʔaḵillatun	الْأَخِلَّةُ al-ʔaḵillatu	أَخِلَّةُ ʔaḵillatu
Accusative	أَخِلَّةً ʔaḵillatan	الْأَخِلَّةَ al-ʔaḵillata	أَخِلَّةَ ʔaḵillata
Genitive	أَخِلَّةٍ ʔaḵillatin	الْأَخِلَّةِ al-ʔaḵillati	أَخِلَّةِ ʔaḵillati

Descendants

• → Ottoman Turkish: خلال (hilal)
  • Turkish: hilal

Noun

خِلَال • (ḵilāl) m

1. verbal noun of خَالَّ (ḵālla) (form III)
2. friendship
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 14:31:

     مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لَا بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَلَا خِلَالٌ

     min qabli ʔan yaʔtiya yawmun lā bayʕun fīhi walā ḵilālun

     Before a day arises wherein there will be neither traffic nor friendship.

Declension

Declension of noun خِلَال (ḵilāl)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خِلَال ḵilāl	الْخِلَال al-ḵilāl	خِلَال ḵilāl
Nominative	خِلَالٌ ḵilālun	الْخِلَالُ al-ḵilālu	خِلَالُ ḵilālu
Accusative	خِلَالًا ḵilālan	الْخِلَالَ al-ḵilāla	خِلَالَ ḵilāla
Genitive	خِلَالٍ ḵilālin	الْخِلَالِ al-ḵilāli	خِلَالِ ḵilāli

Etymology 3

Occupational noun denominal from خَلّ (ḵall, “vinegar”).

Noun

خَلَّال • (ḵallāl) m (plural خَلَّالُونَ (ḵallālūna), feminine خَلَّالَة (ḵallāla))

1. vinegar maker or seller

Declension

Declension of noun خَلَّال (ḵallāl)

Singular	Masculine			Feminine
	basic singular triptote			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَلَّال ḵallāl	الْخَلَّال al-ḵallāl	خَلَّال ḵallāl	خَلَّالَة ḵallāla	الْخَلَّالَة al-ḵallāla	خَلَّالَة ḵallālat
Nominative	خَلَّالٌ ḵallālun	الْخَلَّالُ al-ḵallālu	خَلَّالُ ḵallālu	خَلَّالَةٌ ḵallālatun	الْخَلَّالَةُ al-ḵallālatu	خَلَّالَةُ ḵallālatu
Accusative	خَلَّالًا ḵallālan	الْخَلَّالَ al-ḵallāla	خَلَّالَ ḵallāla	خَلَّالَةً ḵallālatan	الْخَلَّالَةَ al-ḵallālata	خَلَّالَةَ ḵallālata
Genitive	خَلَّالٍ ḵallālin	الْخَلَّالِ al-ḵallāli	خَلَّالِ ḵallāli	خَلَّالَةٍ ḵallālatin	الْخَلَّالَةِ al-ḵallālati	خَلَّالَةِ ḵallālati
Dual	Masculine			Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَلَّالَيْن ḵallālayn	الْخَلَّالَيْن al-ḵallālayn	خَلَّالَيْ ḵallālay	خَلَّالَتَيْن ḵallālatayn	الْخَلَّالَتَيْن al-ḵallālatayn	خَلَّالَتَيْ ḵallālatay
Nominative	خَلَّالَانِ ḵallālāni	الْخَلَّالَانِ al-ḵallālāni	خَلَّالَا ḵallālā	خَلَّالَتَانِ ḵallālatāni	الْخَلَّالَتَانِ al-ḵallālatāni	خَلَّالَتَا ḵallālatā
Accusative	خَلَّالَيْنِ ḵallālayni	الْخَلَّالَيْنِ al-ḵallālayni	خَلَّالَيْ ḵallālay	خَلَّالَتَيْنِ ḵallālatayni	الْخَلَّالَتَيْنِ al-ḵallālatayni	خَلَّالَتَيْ ḵallālatay
Genitive	خَلَّالَيْنِ ḵallālayni	الْخَلَّالَيْنِ al-ḵallālayni	خَلَّالَيْ ḵallālay	خَلَّالَتَيْنِ ḵallālatayni	الْخَلَّالَتَيْنِ al-ḵallālatayni	خَلَّالَتَيْ ḵallālatay
Plural	Masculine			Feminine
	sound masculine plural			sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَلَّالِين ḵallālīn	الْخَلَّالِين al-ḵallālīn	خَلَّالِي ḵallālī	خَلَّالَات ḵallālāt	الْخَلَّالَات al-ḵallālāt	خَلَّالَات ḵallālāt
Nominative	خَلَّالُونَ ḵallālūna	الْخَلَّالُونَ al-ḵallālūna	خَلَّالُو ḵallālū	خَلَّالَاتٌ ḵallālātun	الْخَلَّالَاتُ al-ḵallālātu	خَلَّالَاتُ ḵallālātu
Accusative	خَلَّالِينَ ḵallālīna	الْخَلَّالِينَ al-ḵallālīna	خَلَّالِي ḵallālī	خَلَّالَاتٍ ḵallālātin	الْخَلَّالَاتِ al-ḵallālāti	خَلَّالَاتِ ḵallālāti
Genitive	خَلَّالِينَ ḵallālīna	الْخَلَّالِينَ al-ḵallālīna	خَلَّالِي ḵallālī	خَلَّالَاتٍ ḵallālātin	الْخَلَّالَاتِ al-ḵallālāti	خَلَّالَاتِ ḵallālāti

Etymology 4

Noun

خِلَال • (ḵilāl) pl

1. plural of خَلّ (ḵall)
2. plural of خَلَل (ḵalal)
3. plural of خَلَّة (ḵalla)
4. plural of خِلَّة (ḵilla)

Ottoman Turkish

اخله

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خِلَال (ḵilāl, “toothpick”).

Noun

خلال • (hilal) (plural اخله (ahle))

1. toothpick, a small stick for removing food residue from between the teeth
2. earpick, auriscalp, a small instrument for removing earwax from the ear
3. space or place, opening, interval, room, between two or among many things

   Synonyms: آرا (ara), آرالق (aralık), بوشلق (boşluk), مابین (mabeyin), مسافه (mesafe)

Derived terms

• خلال اوتی (hilal otu, “toothpickweed”)
• خلالی (hilalî, “maker or seller of toothpicks”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: hilal

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hilal2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1965
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “hilâl”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 441
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “خلال”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 548
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Dentiscalpium”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 352
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “خلال”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 1926
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “hilal”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “خلال”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 859

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic خِلَالَ (ḵilāla).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xi.laːl/, [xɪˈlæːl]

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Preposition

خلال • (ḵilāl)

1. within, during, in the course of
2. through