عند

Arabic

Etymology 1

A contraction of ع ن ن (ʕ-n-n) or ع ي ن (ʕ-y-n) in the sense of viewing, and يَدَا (yadā, “hand”); see at hand, before one's eyes. Compare also لَدَى (ladā) and لَدُنْ (ladun) for parallel contractions and semantic senses.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕin.da/

• Audio

  (file)

Preposition

عِنْدَ • (ʕinda)

1. near, with, at the house of
2. at the time of
   • جِئْتُكَ عِنْدَ شُرُوقِ الشَّمْسِ

     jiʔtuka ʕinda šurūqi š-šamsi

     I came to you at sunrise

3. in one's sight, in one's opinion
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:15:

     إِذْ تَلَقَّوْنَهُ بِأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَتَقُولُونَ بِأَفْوَاهِكُم مَّا لَيْسَ لَكُم بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَتَحْسَبُونَهُ هَيِّنًا وَهُوَ عِنْدَ ٱللَّهِ عَظِيمٌ

     ʔiḏ talaqqawnahu bi-ʔalsinatikum wa-taqūlūna bi-ʔafwāhikum mmā laysa lakum bihi ʕilmun wa-taḥsabūnahu hayyinan wa-huwa ʕinda llahi ʕaẓīmun

     When you received it with your tongues and said with your mouths that of which you had no knowledge and thought it was insignificant while it was, in the eyes of God, tremendous.

   • a. 965, Al-Mutanabbi, ديوان أبي الطيب المتنبي:

     بِذَا قَضَتِ الْأَيَّامُ مَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِهَا / مَصَائِبُ قَوْمٍ عِنْدَ قَوْمٍ فَوَائِدُ

     biḏā qaḍati l-ʔayyāmu mā bayna ʔahlihā / maṣāʔibu qawmin ʕinda qawmin fawāʔidu

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

4. expresses possession, to have
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 6:148:

     قُلْ هَلْ عِنْدَكُم مِنْ عِلْمٍ فَتُخْرِجُوهُ لَنَا

     qul hal ʕindakum min ʕilmin fatuḵrijūhu lanā

     Say, "Do you have any knowledge which you can produce for us?"

Inflection

Inflected forms
Base form					عِنْدَ (ʕinda)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Dual	Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Common	Masculine	Feminine
First person	عِنْدِي (ʕindī)			عِنْدَنَا (ʕindanā)
Second person	عِنْدَكَ (ʕindaka)	عِنْدَكِ (ʕindaki)	عِنْدَكُمَا (ʕindakumā)	عِنْدَكُمْ (ʕindakum)	عِنْدَكُنَّ (ʕindakunna)
Third person	عِنْدَهُ (ʕindahu)	عِنْدَهَا (ʕindahā)	عِنْدَهُمَا (ʕindahumā)	عِنْدَهُمْ (ʕindahum)	عِنْدَهُنَّ (ʕindahunna)

Synonyms

• لَدَى (ladā)
• لَدُنْ (ladun)

Derived terms

• عِنْدَئِذٍ (ʕindaʔiḏin)
• عِنْدَمَا (ʕindamā)

Descendants

• Egyptian Arabic: عند (ʕand)
• Gulf Arabic: عند (ʕind)
• Moroccan Arabic: عند (ʕand)
• South Levantine Arabic: عند (ʕind)
• → Ottoman Turkish: عند (ind)
  • Turkish: ind
• Maltese: għand

Etymology 2

Root
ع ن د (ʕ-n-d)

Verb

عَنَدَ • (ʕanada) I, non-past يَعْنُدُ or يَعْنِدُ‎ (yaʕnudu or yaʕnidu)

1. to be perverse, diverging or obstinate

Conjugation

Conjugation of

عَنَدَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun عُنُود)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						عُنُود ʕunūd
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						عَانِد ʕānid
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَنَدْتُ ʕanadtu	عَنَدْتَ ʕanadta	عَنَدَ ʕanada		عَنَدْتُمَا ʕanadtumā	عَنَدَا ʕanadā		عَنَدْنَا ʕanadnā	عَنَدْتُمْ ʕanadtum	عَنَدُوا ʕanadū
	f		عَنَدْتِ ʕanadti	عَنَدَتْ ʕanadat			عَنَدَتَا ʕanadatā			عَنَدْتُنَّ ʕanadtunna	عَنَدْنَ ʕanadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَعْنُدُ or أَعْنِدُ ʔaʕnudu or ʔaʕnidu	تَعْنُدُ or تَعْنِدُ taʕnudu or taʕnidu	يَعْنُدُ or يَعْنِدُ yaʕnudu or yaʕnidu		تَعْنُدَانِ or تَعْنِدَانِ taʕnudāni or taʕnidāni	يَعْنُدَانِ or يَعْنِدَانِ yaʕnudāni or yaʕnidāni		نَعْنُدُ or نَعْنِدُ naʕnudu or naʕnidu	تَعْنُدُونَ or تَعْنِدُونَ taʕnudūna or taʕnidūna	يَعْنُدُونَ or يَعْنِدُونَ yaʕnudūna or yaʕnidūna
	f		تَعْنُدِينَ or تَعْنِدِينَ taʕnudīna or taʕnidīna	تَعْنُدُ or تَعْنِدُ taʕnudu or taʕnidu			تَعْنُدَانِ or تَعْنِدَانِ taʕnudāni or taʕnidāni			تَعْنُدْنَ or تَعْنِدْنَ taʕnudna or taʕnidna	يَعْنُدْنَ or يَعْنِدْنَ yaʕnudna or yaʕnidna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَعْنُدَ or أَعْنِدَ ʔaʕnuda or ʔaʕnida	تَعْنُدَ or تَعْنِدَ taʕnuda or taʕnida	يَعْنُدَ or يَعْنِدَ yaʕnuda or yaʕnida		تَعْنُدَا or تَعْنِدَا taʕnudā or taʕnidā	يَعْنُدَا or يَعْنِدَا yaʕnudā or yaʕnidā		نَعْنُدَ or نَعْنِدَ naʕnuda or naʕnida	تَعْنُدُوا or تَعْنِدُوا taʕnudū or taʕnidū	يَعْنُدُوا or يَعْنِدُوا yaʕnudū or yaʕnidū
	f		تَعْنُدِي or تَعْنِدِي taʕnudī or taʕnidī	تَعْنُدَ or تَعْنِدَ taʕnuda or taʕnida			تَعْنُدَا or تَعْنِدَا taʕnudā or taʕnidā			تَعْنُدْنَ or تَعْنِدْنَ taʕnudna or taʕnidna	يَعْنُدْنَ or يَعْنِدْنَ yaʕnudna or yaʕnidna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَعْنُدْ or أَعْنِدْ ʔaʕnud or ʔaʕnid	تَعْنُدْ or تَعْنِدْ taʕnud or taʕnid	يَعْنُدْ or يَعْنِدْ yaʕnud or yaʕnid		تَعْنُدَا or تَعْنِدَا taʕnudā or taʕnidā	يَعْنُدَا or يَعْنِدَا yaʕnudā or yaʕnidā		نَعْنُدْ or نَعْنِدْ naʕnud or naʕnid	تَعْنُدُوا or تَعْنِدُوا taʕnudū or taʕnidū	يَعْنُدُوا or يَعْنِدُوا yaʕnudū or yaʕnidū
	f		تَعْنُدِي or تَعْنِدِي taʕnudī or taʕnidī	تَعْنُدْ or تَعْنِدْ taʕnud or taʕnid			تَعْنُدَا or تَعْنِدَا taʕnudā or taʕnidā			تَعْنُدْنَ or تَعْنِدْنَ taʕnudna or taʕnidna	يَعْنُدْنَ or يَعْنِدْنَ yaʕnudna or yaʕnidna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُعْنُدْ or اِعْنِدْ uʕnud or iʕnid			اُعْنُدَا or اِعْنِدَا uʕnudā or iʕnidā				اُعْنُدُوا or اِعْنِدُوا uʕnudū or iʕnidū
	f		اُعْنُدِي or اِعْنِدِي uʕnudī or iʕnidī							اُعْنُدْنَ or اِعْنِدْنَ uʕnudna or iʕnidna

Verb

عَنِدَ • (ʕanida) I, non-past يَعْنَدُ‎ (yaʕnadu)

1. to be perverse, diverging or obstinate

Conjugation

Conjugation of

عَنِدَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun عَنَد)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						عَنَد ʕanad
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						عَانِد ʕānid
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَنِدْتُ ʕanidtu	عَنِدْتَ ʕanidta	عَنِدَ ʕanida		عَنِدْتُمَا ʕanidtumā	عَنِدَا ʕanidā		عَنِدْنَا ʕanidnā	عَنِدْتُمْ ʕanidtum	عَنِدُوا ʕanidū
	f		عَنِدْتِ ʕanidti	عَنِدَتْ ʕanidat			عَنِدَتَا ʕanidatā			عَنِدْتُنَّ ʕanidtunna	عَنِدْنَ ʕanidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَعْنَدُ ʔaʕnadu	تَعْنَدُ taʕnadu	يَعْنَدُ yaʕnadu		تَعْنَدَانِ taʕnadāni	يَعْنَدَانِ yaʕnadāni		نَعْنَدُ naʕnadu	تَعْنَدُونَ taʕnadūna	يَعْنَدُونَ yaʕnadūna
	f		تَعْنَدِينَ taʕnadīna	تَعْنَدُ taʕnadu			تَعْنَدَانِ taʕnadāni			تَعْنَدْنَ taʕnadna	يَعْنَدْنَ yaʕnadna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَعْنَدَ ʔaʕnada	تَعْنَدَ taʕnada	يَعْنَدَ yaʕnada		تَعْنَدَا taʕnadā	يَعْنَدَا yaʕnadā		نَعْنَدَ naʕnada	تَعْنَدُوا taʕnadū	يَعْنَدُوا yaʕnadū
	f		تَعْنَدِي taʕnadī	تَعْنَدَ taʕnada			تَعْنَدَا taʕnadā			تَعْنَدْنَ taʕnadna	يَعْنَدْنَ yaʕnadna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَعْنَدْ ʔaʕnad	تَعْنَدْ taʕnad	يَعْنَدْ yaʕnad		تَعْنَدَا taʕnadā	يَعْنَدَا yaʕnadā		نَعْنَدْ naʕnad	تَعْنَدُوا taʕnadū	يَعْنَدُوا yaʕnadū
	f		تَعْنَدِي taʕnadī	تَعْنَدْ taʕnad			تَعْنَدَا taʕnadā			تَعْنَدْنَ taʕnadna	يَعْنَدْنَ yaʕnadna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِعْنَدْ iʕnad			اِعْنَدَا iʕnadā				اِعْنَدُوا iʕnadū
	f		اِعْنَدِي iʕnadī							اِعْنَدْنَ iʕnadna

Noun

عِنْد • (ʕind) m

1. animus, heart, will

Declension

Declension of noun عِنْد (ʕind)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عِنْد ʕind	الْعِنْد al-ʕind	عِنْد ʕind
Nominative	عِنْدٌ ʕindun	الْعِنْدُ al-ʕindu	عِنْدُ ʕindu
Accusative	عِنْدًا ʕindan	الْعِنْدَ al-ʕinda	عِنْدَ ʕinda
Genitive	عِنْدٍ ʕindin	الْعِنْدِ al-ʕindi	عِنْدِ ʕindi

Adjective

عُنُد • (ʕunud) c pl

1. common plural of عَنُود (ʕanūd)

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic عِنْدَ (ʕinda).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕand/

Preposition

عند • (ʿand)

1. at the house of
2. expresses possession, to have

   ماعندوش اصحاب. ― mā ʿandūš ʾaṣḥāb ― He doesn't have friends.

Inflection

Inflected forms of عند
Base form					عند (ʕand)
Personal-pronoun- including forms		singular		plural
		m	f
1st person		عندي (ʕandi)		عندنا (ʕandina)
2nd person		عندك (ʕandak)	عندك (ʕandik)	عندكو (ʕanduku)
3rd person		عنده (ʕandu)	عندها (ʕandaha)	عندهم (ʕanduhum)

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic عِنْدَ (ʕinda).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕand/

Preposition

عند • (ʕand)

1. at the house of
2. expresses possession, to have

Inflection

Inflected forms of عند
Base form					عند (ʕand)
Personal-pronoun- including forms		singular		plural
		m	f
1st person		عندي (ʕandi)		عندنا (ʕandna)
2nd person		عندك (ʕandek)	عندك (ʕandki)	عندكم (ʕandkum)
3rd person		عنده (ʕandu)	عندها (ʕandha)	عندهم (ʕandhum)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ع ن د
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic عِنْدَ (ʕinda).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕind/, [ʕɪnd]

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Preposition

عند • (ʕind)

1. at (the physical or abstract location of something or someone)

   عند الباب ― ʕind il-bāb ― at the door

   عند الدكتور ― ʕind id-doktōr ― at the doctor's

   فيه كتير مشاكل سياسيّة عند العرب.

   fīh ktīr mašākel siyāsiyye ʕind il-ʕarab

   Arabs have a lot of political problems.

   (literally, “There are a lot of political problems at the Arabs'.”)

2. (by extension) to have

   Synonyms: مع (maʕ), إلـ (ʔil-)

   عندي واجبات كتير.

   ʕindi wajbāt ktīr

   I have a lot of homework.

   (literally, “A lot of homework is at me.”)

   كانت عندي واجبات كتير.

   kānat ʕindi wajbāt ktīr

   I had a lot of homework.

   (literally, “A lot of homework was at me.”)

   خلي عندك شوية احترام.

   ḵalli ʕindak šwayyet iḥtirām.

   Have a little respect.

Usage notes

• Sentences in which عند (ʕind) is used to express possession are nominal sentences: grammatically, the object of possession is framed as being in a certain place. Accordingly, if كان (kān) is used to modify the tense, it must agree grammatically with the object of possession.
• Usually خلى (ḵalla) is used to construct the imperative; in this case, it does agree with the subject.
• Compare عند (ʕind) with French chez.

Inflection

Inflected forms of عند
Base form					عند (ʕind)
Personal-pronoun- including forms		singular		plural
		m	f
1st person		عندي (ʕindi)		عنّا (ʕinna)
2nd person		عندك (ʕindak)	عندك (ʕindek)	عندكم (ʕindkom)
3rd person		عنده (ʕindo)	عندها (ʕindha)	عندهم (ʕindhom)

Etymology 2

Root
ع ن د
2 terms

Compare Arabic عند (ʕanada, ʕanida, ʕanuda, “to be stubborn, to resist stubbornly”). The shift to Form II in South Levantine Arabic might serve to intensify the meaning, which is a function of the verbs in the second form. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕan.nad/, [ˈʕan.nad]

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

Verb

عنّد • (ʕannad) II (present بعنّد (biʕanned))

1. to persist, to be stubborn

Conjugation

Conjugation of عنّد (ʕannad)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	عنّدت (ʕannadt)	عنّدت (ʕannadt)	عنّد (ʕannad)		عنّدنا (ʕannadna)	عنّدتو (ʕannadtu)	عنّدو (ʕannadu)
	f		عنّدتي (ʕannadti)	عنّدت (ʕannadat)
present	m	بعنّد (baʕanned)	بتعنّد (bitʕanned)	بعنّد (biʕanned)		منعنّد (minʕanned)	بتعنّدو (bitʕanndu)	بعنّدو (biʕanndu)
	f		بتعنّدي (bitʕanndi)	بتعنّد (bitʕanned)
subjunctive	m	اعنّد (aʕanned)	تعنّد (tʕanned)	يعنّد (yʕanned)		نعنّد (nʕanned)	تعنّدو (tʕanndu)	يعنّدو (yʕanndu)
	f		تعنّدي (tʕanndi)	تعنّد (tʕanned)
imperative	m		عنّد (ʕanned)				عنّدو (ʕanndu)
	f		عنّدي (ʕanndi)