ولد

See also: و ل د

Algerian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic وَلَد (walad).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wɪld/

Noun

ولد (weld) m (plural ولاد (wulād))

1. son
2. boy
3. child

Arabic

Root
و ل د (w-l-d)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *walad-. Cognate with Akkadian 𒅇𒌅 (walādum), Aramaic יְלַד (yəlaḏ), Classical Syriac ܝܠܕ (ilaḏ), Hebrew יָלַד (yālaḏ) and Ugaritic 𐎊𐎍𐎄 (yld).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wa.la.da/

Verb

وَلَدَ • (walada) I, non-past يَلِدُ‎ (yalidu)

1. to bear, to beget

   وُلِدْتُ فِي مَدِينَةٍ كَبِيرَةٍ. ― wulidtu fī madīnatin kabīratin. ― I was born in a big city.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 112:3:

     لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ

     lam yalid walam yūlad

     He neither begets nor is born,

2. to produce, to bring forth

Conjugation

Conjugation of

وَلَدَ

(form-I assimilated, verbal nouns وِلَادَة or لِدَة or مَوْلِد)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						وِلَادَة or لِدَة or مَوْلِد wilāda or lida or mawlid
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						وَالِد wālid
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَوْلُود mawlūd
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	وَلَدْتُ waladtu	وَلَدْتَ waladta	وَلَدَ walada		وَلَدْتُمَا waladtumā	وَلَدَا waladā		وَلَدْنَا waladnā	وَلَدْتُمْ waladtum	وَلَدُوا waladū
	f		وَلَدْتِ waladti	وَلَدَتْ waladat			وَلَدَتَا waladatā			وَلَدْتُنَّ waladtunna	وَلَدْنَ waladna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَلِدُ ʔalidu	تَلِدُ talidu	يَلِدُ yalidu		تَلِدَانِ talidāni	يَلِدَانِ yalidāni		نَلِدُ nalidu	تَلِدُونَ talidūna	يَلِدُونَ yalidūna
	f		تَلِدِينَ talidīna	تَلِدُ talidu			تَلِدَانِ talidāni			تَلِدْنَ talidna	يَلِدْنَ yalidna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَلِدَ ʔalida	تَلِدَ talida	يَلِدَ yalida		تَلِدَا talidā	يَلِدَا yalidā		نَلِدَ nalida	تَلِدُوا talidū	يَلِدُوا yalidū
	f		تَلِدِي talidī	تَلِدَ talida			تَلِدَا talidā			تَلِدْنَ talidna	يَلِدْنَ yalidna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَلِدْ ʔalid	تَلِدْ talid	يَلِدْ yalid		تَلِدَا talidā	يَلِدَا yalidā		نَلِدْ nalid	تَلِدُوا talidū	يَلِدُوا yalidū
	f		تَلِدِي talidī	تَلِدْ talid			تَلِدَا talidā			تَلِدْنَ talidna	يَلِدْنَ yalidna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		لِدْ lid			لِدَا lidā				لِدُوا lidū
	f		لِدِي lidī							لِدْنَ lidna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	وُلِدْتُ wulidtu	وُلِدْتَ wulidta	وُلِدَ wulida		وُلِدْتُمَا wulidtumā	وُلِدَا wulidā		وُلِدْنَا wulidnā	وُلِدْتُمْ wulidtum	وُلِدُوا wulidū
	f		وُلِدْتِ wulidti	وُلِدَتْ wulidat			وُلِدَتَا wulidatā			وُلِدْتُنَّ wulidtunna	وُلِدْنَ wulidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُولَدُ ʔūladu	تُولَدُ tūladu	يُولَدُ yūladu		تُولَدَانِ tūladāni	يُولَدَانِ yūladāni		نُولَدُ nūladu	تُولَدُونَ tūladūna	يُولَدُونَ yūladūna
	f		تُولَدِينَ tūladīna	تُولَدُ tūladu			تُولَدَانِ tūladāni			تُولَدْنَ tūladna	يُولَدْنَ yūladna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُولَدَ ʔūlada	تُولَدَ tūlada	يُولَدَ yūlada		تُولَدَا tūladā	يُولَدَا yūladā		نُولَدَ nūlada	تُولَدُوا tūladū	يُولَدُوا yūladū
	f		تُولَدِي tūladī	تُولَدَ tūlada			تُولَدَا tūladā			تُولَدْنَ tūladna	يُولَدْنَ yūladna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُولَدْ ʔūlad	تُولَدْ tūlad	يُولَدْ yūlad		تُولَدَا tūladā	يُولَدَا yūladā		نُولَدْ nūlad	تُولَدُوا tūladū	يُولَدُوا yūladū
	f		تُولَدِي tūladī	تُولَدْ tūlad			تُولَدَا tūladā			تُولَدْنَ tūladna	يُولَدْنَ yūladna

Related terms

• وَلَّدَ (wallada, “to assist in childbirth, to generate”)
• أَوْلَدَ (ʔawlada, “to cause to give birth”)
• تَوَلَّدَ (tawallada, “to be born”)
• تَوَالَدَ (tawālada, “to propagate”)
• اِتَّلَدَ (ittalada, “to be born”)
• اِسْتَوْلَدَ (istawlada, “to wish to have children from a woman”)

Etymology 2

Form-II intensive/causative of وَلَدَ (walada, “to give birth”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wal.la.da/

Verb

وَلَّدَ • (wallada) II, non-past يُوَلِّدُ‎ (yuwallidu)

1. to assist in childbirth (as a midwife)
2. to make children to, to cause to give birth
3. to rear, to educate, to bring up
4. to innovate, to originate, to generate, to produce
5. to give birth
6. to derive (a word)

Conjugation

Conjugation of

وَلَّدَ

(form-II sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَوْلِيد tawlīd
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُوَلِّد muwallid
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُوَلَّد muwallad
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	وَلَّدْتُ walladtu	وَلَّدْتَ walladta	وَلَّدَ wallada		وَلَّدْتُمَا walladtumā	وَلَّدَا walladā		وَلَّدْنَا walladnā	وَلَّدْتُمْ walladtum	وَلَّدُوا walladū
	f		وَلَّدْتِ walladti	وَلَّدَتْ walladat			وَلَّدَتَا walladatā			وَلَّدْتُنَّ walladtunna	وَلَّدْنَ walladna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُوَلِّدُ ʔuwallidu	تُوَلِّدُ tuwallidu	يُوَلِّدُ yuwallidu		تُوَلِّدَانِ tuwallidāni	يُوَلِّدَانِ yuwallidāni		نُوَلِّدُ nuwallidu	تُوَلِّدُونَ tuwallidūna	يُوَلِّدُونَ yuwallidūna
	f		تُوَلِّدِينَ tuwallidīna	تُوَلِّدُ tuwallidu			تُوَلِّدَانِ tuwallidāni			تُوَلِّدْنَ tuwallidna	يُوَلِّدْنَ yuwallidna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُوَلِّدَ ʔuwallida	تُوَلِّدَ tuwallida	يُوَلِّدَ yuwallida		تُوَلِّدَا tuwallidā	يُوَلِّدَا yuwallidā		نُوَلِّدَ nuwallida	تُوَلِّدُوا tuwallidū	يُوَلِّدُوا yuwallidū
	f		تُوَلِّدِي tuwallidī	تُوَلِّدَ tuwallida			تُوَلِّدَا tuwallidā			تُوَلِّدْنَ tuwallidna	يُوَلِّدْنَ yuwallidna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُوَلِّدْ ʔuwallid	تُوَلِّدْ tuwallid	يُوَلِّدْ yuwallid		تُوَلِّدَا tuwallidā	يُوَلِّدَا yuwallidā		نُوَلِّدْ nuwallid	تُوَلِّدُوا tuwallidū	يُوَلِّدُوا yuwallidū
	f		تُوَلِّدِي tuwallidī	تُوَلِّدْ tuwallid			تُوَلِّدَا tuwallidā			تُوَلِّدْنَ tuwallidna	يُوَلِّدْنَ yuwallidna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		وَلِّدْ wallid			وَلِّدَا wallidā				وَلِّدُوا wallidū
	f		وَلِّدِي wallidī							وَلِّدْنَ wallidna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	وُلِّدْتُ wullidtu	وُلِّدْتَ wullidta	وُلِّدَ wullida		وُلِّدْتُمَا wullidtumā	وُلِّدَا wullidā		وُلِّدْنَا wullidnā	وُلِّدْتُمْ wullidtum	وُلِّدُوا wullidū
	f		وُلِّدْتِ wullidti	وُلِّدَتْ wullidat			وُلِّدَتَا wullidatā			وُلِّدْتُنَّ wullidtunna	وُلِّدْنَ wullidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُوَلَّدُ ʔuwalladu	تُوَلَّدُ tuwalladu	يُوَلَّدُ yuwalladu		تُوَلَّدَانِ tuwalladāni	يُوَلَّدَانِ yuwalladāni		نُوَلَّدُ nuwalladu	تُوَلَّدُونَ tuwalladūna	يُوَلَّدُونَ yuwalladūna
	f		تُوَلَّدِينَ tuwalladīna	تُوَلَّدُ tuwalladu			تُوَلَّدَانِ tuwalladāni			تُوَلَّدْنَ tuwalladna	يُوَلَّدْنَ yuwalladna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُوَلَّدَ ʔuwallada	تُوَلَّدَ tuwallada	يُوَلَّدَ yuwallada		تُوَلَّدَا tuwalladā	يُوَلَّدَا yuwalladā		نُوَلَّدَ nuwallada	تُوَلَّدُوا tuwalladū	يُوَلَّدُوا yuwalladū
	f		تُوَلَّدِي tuwalladī	تُوَلَّدَ tuwallada			تُوَلَّدَا tuwalladā			تُوَلَّدْنَ tuwalladna	يُوَلَّدْنَ yuwalladna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُوَلَّدْ ʔuwallad	تُوَلَّدْ tuwallad	يُوَلَّدْ yuwallad		تُوَلَّدَا tuwalladā	يُوَلَّدَا yuwalladā		نُوَلَّدْ nuwallad	تُوَلَّدُوا tuwalladū	يُوَلَّدُوا yuwalladū
	f		تُوَلَّدِي tuwalladī	تُوَلَّدْ tuwallad			تُوَلَّدَا tuwalladā			تُوَلَّدْنَ tuwalladna	يُوَلَّدْنَ yuwalladna

Related terms

• وَلَدَ (walada, “to give birth”)
• أَوْلَدَ (ʔawlada, “to cause to give birth”)
• تَوَلَّدَ (tawallada, “to be born”)
• تَوَالَدَ (tawālada, “to propagate”)
• اِتَّلَدَ (ittalada, “to be born”)
• اِسْتَوْلَدَ (istawlada, “to wish to have children from a woman”)

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ولد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ولد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 3

Compare Hebrew יֶלֶד (yéled), Ge'ez ወልድ (wäld).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wa.lad/

Noun

وَلَد • (walad) m (plural أَوْلَاد (ʔawlād) or وُلْد (wuld) or وِلْدَان (wildān) or وِلْدَة (wilda))

1. child (“son or daughter of any age”)

   أُرِيد أَنْ أَلْعَب مَع أَوْلادُك.

   ʔurīd ʔan ʔalʕab maʕ ʔawlāduk.

   I want to play with your children.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 17:31:

     وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ خَشْيَةَ إِمْلَاقٍ ۖ نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُهُمْ وَإِيَّاكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ قَتْلَهُمْ كَانَ خِطْئًا كَبِيرًا

     walā taqtulū ʔawlādakum ḵašyata ʔimlāqin naḥnu narzuquhum wa-ʔiyyākum ʔinna qatlahum kāna ḵiṭʔan kabīran

     And do not kill your children for fear of poverty. We provide for them and for you. Indeed, their killing is ever a great sin.

2. (collective) offspring, issue
3. (colloquial) boy
4. (colloquial) son

Declension

Declension of noun وَلَد (walad)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	وَلَد walad	الْوَلَد al-walad	وَلَد walad
Nominative	وَلَدٌ waladun	الْوَلَدُ al-waladu	وَلَدُ waladu
Accusative	وَلَدًا waladan	الْوَلَدَ al-walada	وَلَدَ walada
Genitive	وَلَدٍ waladin	الْوَلَدِ al-waladi	وَلَدِ waladi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	وَلَدَيْن waladayn	الْوَلَدَيْن al-waladayn	وَلَدَيْ waladay
Nominative	وَلَدَانِ waladāni	الْوَلَدَانِ al-waladāni	وَلَدَا waladā
Accusative	وَلَدَيْنِ waladayni	الْوَلَدَيْنِ al-waladayni	وَلَدَيْ waladay
Genitive	وَلَدَيْنِ waladayni	الْوَلَدَيْنِ al-waladayni	وَلَدَيْ waladay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَوْلَاد‎; وُلْد‎; وِلْدَان‎; وِلْدَة ʔawlād‎; wuld‎; wildān‎; wilda	الْأَوْلَاد‎; الْوُلْد‎; الْوِلْدَان‎; الْوِلْدَة al-ʔawlād‎; al-wuld‎; al-wildān‎; al-wilda	أَوْلَاد‎; وُلْد‎; وِلْدَان‎; وِلْدَة ʔawlād‎; wuld‎; wildān‎; wildat
Nominative	أَوْلَادٌ‎; وُلْدٌ‎; وِلْدَانٌ‎; وِلْدَةٌ ʔawlādun‎; wuldun‎; wildānun‎; wildatun	الْأَوْلَادُ‎; الْوُلْدُ‎; الْوِلْدَانُ‎; الْوِلْدَةُ al-ʔawlādu‎; al-wuldu‎; al-wildānu‎; al-wildatu	أَوْلَادُ‎; وُلْدُ‎; وِلْدَانُ‎; وِلْدَةُ ʔawlādu‎; wuldu‎; wildānu‎; wildatu
Accusative	أَوْلَادًا‎; وُلْدًا‎; وِلْدَانًا‎; وِلْدَةً ʔawlādan‎; wuldan‎; wildānan‎; wildatan	الْأَوْلَادَ‎; الْوُلْدَ‎; الْوِلْدَانَ‎; الْوِلْدَةَ al-ʔawlāda‎; al-wulda‎; al-wildāna‎; al-wildata	أَوْلَادَ‎; وُلْدَ‎; وِلْدَانَ‎; وِلْدَةَ ʔawlāda‎; wulda‎; wildāna‎; wildata
Genitive	أَوْلَادٍ‎; وُلْدٍ‎; وِلْدَانٍ‎; وِلْدَةٍ ʔawlādin‎; wuldin‎; wildānin‎; wildatin	الْأَوْلَادِ‎; الْوُلْدِ‎; الْوِلْدَانِ‎; الْوِلْدَةِ al-ʔawlādi‎; al-wuldi‎; al-wildāni‎; al-wildati	أَوْلَادِ‎; وُلْدِ‎; وِلْدَانِ‎; وِلْدَةِ ʔawlādi‎; wuldi‎; wildāni‎; wildati

Descendants

• Maltese: wild
• → Azerbaijani: vələd
• → Bengali: ওলদ (ōlod)
• → Ottoman Turkish: ولد (veled) (see there for further descendants)
• → Uzbek: valad

(via plural form أَوْلَاد (ʔawlād))

• → Azerbaijani: övlad
• → Bengali: আওলাদ (aōlad)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: औलाद (aulād)
  • Urdu: اولاد (aulād)
• → Kazakh: әулет (äulet)
• → Ottoman Turkish: اولاد
  • Turkish: evlat
  • → Albanian: evlat
  • → Ladino: evlad (Monastir)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: èvlād／ѐвла̄д
• → Persian: اولاد (owlâd)
• → Punjabi:
  • Gurmukhi script: ਔਲਾਦ (aulād)
  • Shahmukhi script: اولاد (aulād)
• → Turkmen: öwlat
• → Uyghur: ئەۋلاد (ewlad)
• → Uzbek: avlod

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ولد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Chadian Arabic

Root
و ل د
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic وَلِدَ (walida).

Verb

ولد (wilid) (non-past يلد (yalda))

1. to give birth

References

• Judith Heath, compiler (2016), Chadian Arabic - English Lexicon‎^[3], N'Djamena, Chad: Association SIL, page 189

Hassaniya Arabic

Etymology

Standard Arabic وَلَد (walad, “son of”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [wulː]

Prefix

ولد (wull)

1. son (of)

Moroccan Arabic

Root
و ل د
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic وَلَد (walad).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wuld/, /wald/

• Audio

  (file)

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

ولد • (wuld, wald) m (plural ولاد (wlād))

1. boy

   Synonyms: طفل (tafl), عايل (ʕāyil)

2. son

   Synonym: بن (ben)

3. (in the plural) children

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic وَلَد (walad).

Noun

ولد • (walad) m (plural ولاد (ulād) or صِبيان (ṣibyān) or صُبيان (ṣubyān))

1. boy

Usage notes

• The plural ولاد (ulād) can mean “boys” specifically, but also “children” in general. The alternative plural is used to explicitly specify the masculine.

See also

• ابن (ibin)
• بنت (bint)
• شب (šabb)
• صبيه (ṣabīye)
• طفل (ṭifil, ṭufil)

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• վէլէտ (veled) — Armeno-Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic وَلَد (walad). The adjective is from a clipping of ولد زنا (veledi zina, “bastard”).

Noun

ولد • (veled) (broken plural اولاد or ولده)

1. child

   Synonym: اوغل (oğul)

2. child (of animals), cub, pup
3. children, offspring, progeny

   Synonym: اولاد (evlâd)

Derived terms

• ولد زنا (veledi zina)

 

Related terms

Ottoman Turkish terms derived from the Arabic root و ل د‎ (0 c, 6 e)

Descendants

• Turkish: velet

Adjective

ولد • (veled)

1. mischievous, crafty
2. impudent, audacious

Descendants

• → Albanian: velet
• → Armenian: վէլէտ (vēlēt)

References

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ولد”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2148f.
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ولد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[5], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1315b

South Levantine Arabic

Root
و ل د
4 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic وَلِدَ (walida).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wi.lid/, [ˈwi.lɪd]

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

Verb

ولد • (wilid) I (present بولد (būlad))

1. to give birth

Conjugation

Conjugation of ولد (wilid)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ولدت (wlidt)	ولدت (wlidt)	ولد (wilid)		ولدنا (wlidna)	ولدتو (wlidtu)	ولدو (wildu)
	f		ولدتي (wlidti)	ولدت (wildat)
present	m	بولد (bawlad)	بتولد (btūlad)	بيولد (būlad)		منولد (mnūlad)	بتولدو (btūladu)	بيولدو (būladu)
	f		بتولدي (btūladi)	بتولد (btūlad)
subjunctive	m	اولد (awlad)	تولد (tūlad)	يولد (yūlad)		نولد (nūlad)	تولدو (tūladu)	يولدو (yūladu)
	f		تولدي (tūladi)	تولد (tūlad)
imperative	m		اولد (ūlad)				اولدو (ūladu)
	f		اولدي (ūladi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic وَلَد (walad).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wa.lad/, [ˈwa.lad]

• Audio (Jerusalem)

  (file)

Noun

ولد • (walad) m (plural ولاد (ulād) or أولاد (ʔawlād))

1. boy, kid, child

   هاد ولد جديد بصفّي.

   hād walad jdīd bi-ṣaffi

   This is a new kid in my class.

2. son

   Synonym: ابن (ibn)

See also

• طفل (ṭifl, “young child, toddler”)
• صبي (ṣabi, “boy, young man”)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic وَلَد (walad).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʋə.ləd̪/

Noun

وَلَد • (valad) m (Hindi spelling वलद)

1. son

   Synonyms: بیٹا (beṭā), فرزند (farzand)

2. offspring

   Synonym: اولاد (olād)

3. boy

   Synonym: لڑکا (laṛkā)

References

• “ولد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “ولد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.