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See also: , , , and ⿰男也
Not to be confused with
U+4ED6, 他
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ED6

[U+4ED5]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4ED7]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 9, +3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人心木 (OPD), four-corner 24212, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 92, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 370
  • Dae Jaweon: page 195, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 115, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+4ED6

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *l̥ʰaːl): semantic (man) + phonetic (OC *laːlʔ).

Corrupted form of (OC *l̥ʰaːl, *l'aːl), which is found in Zuozhuan.

Etymology[edit]

Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007). Perhaps cognate with (OC *l'al, *l̥ʰjalʔ, “to separate”).

The modern sense of "he, she, it" only emerged after the Han period in colloquial passages, and displaced classical (OC *ɡɯ) and (OC *tjɯ) in mandarin dialects. (Pulleyblank, 1995)

The phonological development from Middle Chinese was irregular. The expected reflex is tuō, which is sometimes used in literary contexts for the classical "other" sense, but in most Mandarin dialects it is read like .

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • thaⁿ/tha - vernacular;
  • tho - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (6)
    Final () (94)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter tha
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /tʰɑ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /tʰɑ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /tʰɑ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /tʰa/
    Li
    Rong
    /tʰɑ/
    Wang
    Li
    /tʰɑ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /tʰɑ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    tuō
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    to1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tha ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*l̥ˁaj/ (E dialect: *l̥ˁ- > MC th-)
    English another

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14765
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*l̥ʰaːl/
    Notes

    Definitions[edit]

    1. (chiefly Mandarin, Jin, Xiang, dialectal Wu, originally gender-neutral; nowadays usually referring to males) he; him; she; her
        ―  qù le.  ―  He went away.
      認識认识  ―  Wǒ rènshi .  ―  I know him.
    2. A dummy pronoun. Compare object pronoun (zhī)
      昏天黑地昏天黑地  ―  shuì ge hūntiānhēidì  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
      alt. forms:
    3. other; another
        ―  bié wú qiú  ―  have no other request (formal)
    4. a surname

    Usage notes[edit]

    • (personal pronoun):
      • Originally gender-neutral before the 1910s, when the character (, “she; her”) was coined; now usually refers to males (also occasionally refers to females).
        • However, () is only a written distinction; they are all still pronounced as .
      • This term can refer to a person of unknown gender or there is no need to mention gender of the person referred to, while 他/她 (gender binary) is also used; see also Internet slang TA (, “they (singular)”).

    Synonyms[edit]

    Most of the words in the table below are gender-neutral in spoken form.

    See also[edit]

    Standard Mandarin Chinese personal pronouns
    Person Singular Plural
    1st () 我們我们 (wǒmen)
    inclusive 咱們咱们 (zánmen)
    2nd male/indefinite () 你們你们 (nǐmen)
    female () 妳們你们 (nǐmen)
    deity () 祢們祢们 (nǐmen)
    polite (nín) 你們你们 (nǐmen)
    您們您们 (nínmen)
    3rd male/indefinite () 他們他们 (tāmen)
    female () 她們她们 (tāmen)
    deity () 祂們祂们 (tāmen)
    animal () 牠們它们 (tāmen)
    inanimate () 它們它们 (tāmen)

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • Wutunhua: ta (he; she; it)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]


    Kanji in this term
    ほか
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi
    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 3
    on’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ほか) or () (hoka or ta

    1. another, other, some other
      この(ほか)にも()(さき)がありますか。
      Kono hoka ni mo yukisaki ga arimasu ka.
      Do you have any other destinations?
      この()(ぎょう)()()するために(かい)()されました。
      Kono jigyō wa ta o risuru tame ni kaishi saremashita.
      This project was started in order to benefit others.
      (ほか)にだれが()(つだ)いに()きますか。
      Hoka ni dare ga tetsudai ni ikimasu ka.
      Who else will go to help you?

    Derived terms[edit]

    Idioms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (eumhun (nam ta))

    1. Hanja form? of (another, other, some other).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: tha, thà, thè, thơ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

    Zhuang[edit]

    Pronoun[edit]

    1. Sawndip form of de (he, she, it)