Appendix:Proto-Misumalpan reconstructions
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Proto-Misumalpan reconstructions:[1]
Constenla (1987)[edit]
| No. | Spanish gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Proto-Misumalpan |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | abuela | grandmother | *titiŋ |
| 2 | abuelo | grandfather | *nini |
| 3 | acostarse | lie down | *udaŋ |
| 4 | agua | water | *li |
| 5 | amarillo | yellow | *lalalh |
| 6 | árbol | tree | *ban |
| 7 | arena | sand | *kawh |
| 8 | atar | tie | *widi |
| 9 | ayote | pumpkin | |
| 10 | beber | drink (v.) | *di |
| 11 | boca | mouth | *ta |
| 12 | bueno | good | *jam- |
| 13 | búho | owl | *iskidi |
| 14 | cantárida | Spanish fly | *mada |
| 15 | caracol | snail | *suni |
| 16 | caramba | interjection | *anaj |
| 17 | casa | house | *u |
| 18 | cocer | cook (tr.) | *bja |
| 19 | cocerse | cook (intr.) | *wad |
| 20 | colibrí | hummingbird | *sud |
| 21 | cuarta persona | fourth person | *-ni |
| 22 | chica de maíz | corn girl | *sili |
| 23 | chile | chile | *kuma |
| 24 | dar | give | *a |
| 25 | dinero | money | *lihwan |
| 26 | dormir | sleep | *jabu |
| 27 | dos | two | *bu |
| 28 | esposa | wife | *maja |
| 29 | estar | to be | *da |
| 30 | exhortativo-imperativo plural | plural exhortative-imperative verb | *-naw |
| 31 | flecha | arrow | |
| 32 | formativo de verbo intransitivo | formative intransitive verb | *-wa |
| 33 | gallinácea silvestre | wild fowl | |
| 34 | garrapata | tick | *mata |
| 35 | garza | heron | *udu |
| 36 | guardar | watch (v.) | *ubak |
| 37 | guatusa | Dasyprocta punctata | *kjaki |
| 38 | gusano | worm | *bid |
| 39 | hierro | iron | *jasama |
| 40 | humo | smoke | |
| 41 | interrogativo | interrogative | *ma |
| 42 | interrogativo | interrogative | *ja |
| 43 | ir | go | *wa |
| 44 | jocote | Spondias purpurea | *wudak |
| 45 | lejos | far | *naj |
| 46 | lengua | tongue | *tu |
| 47 | luna | moon | *wajku |
| 48 | llamarse | be called, named | *ajaŋ |
| 49 | maíz | corn | *aja |
| 50 | maduro | mature | *ahawa |
| 51 | matapalo | strangler fig | *laka |
| 52 | mentir | lie | *ajlas |
| 53 | mujer | woman | *jwada |
| 54 | murciélago | bat | *umis |
| 55 | nariz | nose | *nam |
| 56 | negativo (sufijo verbal) | negative (verbal suffix) | *-san |
| 57 | nube | cloud | *amu |
| 58 | ocote | Pinus spp. | *kuh |
| 59 | oír | hear | *wada |
| 60 | oler (intr.) | smell (intr.) | *walab |
| 61 | oreja | ear | *tupal |
| 62 | orina | urine | *usu |
| 63 | perezoso | lazy | *saja |
| 64 | pesado | heavy | *wida |
| 65 | piedra | stone | *walpa |
| 66 | piel | skin | *kutak |
| 67 | piojo | louse | |
| 68 | pléyades | Pleiades | *kadu |
| 69 | podrido | rotten | |
| 70 | meter | place, put | *kan |
| 71 | pozol | pozol | *sawa |
| 72 | presente (sufijo verbal) | present (verbal suffix) | *ta |
| 73 | primera persona (sufijo) | first person (suffix) | *-i |
| 74 | primera persona (sufijo) | first person (suffix) | *-ki |
| 75 | red | net | *wali |
| 76 | rodilla | knee | *kadasmak |
| 77 | rojo | red | *paw |
| 78 | sangre | blood | *a |
| 79 | segunda persona (sufijo) | second person (suffix) | *-ma |
| 80 | tacaní (tipo de abeja) | tacaní (type of bee) | *walaŋ |
| 81 | tepezcuintle (paca) | Cuniculus paca | *uja |
| 82 | tercer persona (sufijo) | third person (suffix) | *-ka |
| 83 | teta | nipple | *tja |
| 84 | teta | nipple | *su |
| 85 | tigre | jaguar | |
| 86 | tos | cough | *anaŋ |
| 87 | tú | you (sg.) | *man |
| 88 | verde | green | *saŋ |
| 89 | viento | wind | *win |
| 90 | yerno | son-in-law | *u |
| 91 | yo | I | *jam |
| 92 | zacate | grass | *tun |
| 93 | zopilote | vulture | *kusma |
| 94 | zorro hediondo | skunk | *wasala |
References[edit]
- ^ Constenla Umaña, Adolfo (1987). "Elementos de Fonología Comparada de las Lenguas Misumalpas," Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 13 (1), 129-161.