religio

See also: religio-, relígió, and religió

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin religiō.

Pronunciation

• Audio

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• IPA^(key): [reliˈɡio]
• Rhymes: -io
• Hyphenation: re‧li‧gi‧o

Noun

religio (accusative singular religion, plural religioj, accusative plural religiojn)

1. religion

Derived terms

• religia
• religiulo

 

Ido

Alternative forms

• religyo (archaic)

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto religio, English religion, French religion, German Religion, Italian religione, Russian рели́гия (relígija) and Spanish religión, all ultimately from Latin religiō. The -n- in the source languages was omitted in order for religioza to match counterparts in natural languages.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /reˈliɡi̯o/
• Hyphenation: re‧li‧gio

Noun

religio (plural religii)

1. religion

Derived terms

• religiala (“religious (pertaining to religion)”)
• religiema (“religious, pious (of people, inclined to religion, with religious sentiment)”)
• religioza (“religious (of people)”)
  • religiozeso (“religiousness”)
• religiano (“believer in a religion; faithful, true believer”)

Latin

Alternative forms

• relligiō

Etymology

Attested in classical Latin (1st century BCE); perhaps from the unattested verb *religō (“to observe, to venerate”) +‎ -io, which could go back (via Proto-Italic *legō (“to care”)) to Proto-Indo-European *h₂leg-.(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) Frequently used by Cicero, who alternatively linked the word with relegō. Afterwards, the word was linked (mainly by Christian authors) to religō and obligātiō. De Vaan (2008:341), too, tentatively suggests a connection to ligō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /reˈli.ɡi.oː/, [rɛˈlʲɪɡioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /reˈli.d͡ʒi.o/, [reˈliːd͡ʒio]

Noun

religiō f (genitive religiōnis); third declension

1. scrupulousness, conscientious exactness
2. piety, religious scruple, religious awe, superstition, strict religious observance
3. scruples, conscientiousness
4. religious obligation, sacred obligation
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita II.32:

     nullam scelere religionem exsolvi

     • Translation by Rev. Canon Roberts

       No religious obligation could be dissolved by a crime

5. (of religious objects) sanctity
   • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.1.46:

     Est enim tanta apud eos eius fani religio atque antiquitas ut in eo loco ipsum Apollinem natum esse arbitrentur.

     The sanctity and antiquity of that temple is so great that they think Apollo himself was born in that place.

6. an object of worship, holy thing, holy place

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	religiō	religiōnēs
Genitive	religiōnis	religiōnum
Dative	religiōnī	religiōnibus
Accusative	religiōnem	religiōnēs
Ablative	religiōne	religiōnibus
Vocative	religiō	religiōnēs

Quotations

• 1772-1778 Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ by Finnur Jónsson, chapter one (Google books)

  De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.

  Of the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.

Related terms

• religiōsus
• cuius regiō, eius religiō

Descendants

• Catalan: religió
• → Esperanto: religio
• → German: Religion f
• Italian: religione f
  • Sicilian: riliggiuni
• → Old French: religion, religioun
  • → Middle English: religioun
    • English: religion
    • Scots: releegion
  • French: religion
  • Norman: r'ligion
  • → Middle Dutch: religie
    • Dutch: religie
      • → Indonesian: religi
• → Polish: religia
  • → Russian: религия (religija)
    • → Kildin Sami: религия (r’eligija)
• Portuguese: religião
• Romanian: religie f
• → Serbo-Croatian: religija f
• Sicilian: rilijuni
• Spanish: religión f

References

• “religio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “religio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• religio in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• religio in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• religio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • one thing still makes me hesitate: unus mihi restat scrupulus (Ter. Andr. 5. 4. 37) (cf. too religio, sect. XI. 2)
    
  • to honour the gods with all due ceremonial (very devoutly): deum rite (summa religione) colere
    
  • ritual; ceremonial: sacra, res divinae, religiones, caerimoniae
    
  • to inspire with religious feeling, with the fear of God: imbuere (vid. sect. VII. 7, note imbuere...) pectora religione
    
  • to fill the souls of one's audience with devotion: audientium animos religione perfundere (Liv. 10. 388)
    
  • to banish devout sentiment from the minds of others: religionem ex animis extrahere (N. D. 1. 43. 121)
    
  • to annihilate all religious feeling: omnem religionem tollere, delere
    
  • to shake the foundations of religion: religionem labefactare (vid. sect. V. 7, note In Latin metaphor...)
    
  • to have power over the people by trading on their religious scruples: religione obstrictos habere multitudinis animos (Liv. 6. 1. 10)
    
  • to inspire some one with religious scruples: religionem alicui afferre, inicere, incutere
    
  • to make a thing a matter of conscience, be scrupulous about a thing: aliquid religioni habere or in religionem vertere
    
  • to make a thing a matter of conscience, be scrupulous about a thing: aliquid in religionem alicui venit
    
  • absence of scruples, unconscientiousness: nulla religio
    
  • to embrace a strange religion: religionem externam suscipere
    
  • to introduce a new religion, a new cult: novas religiones instituere
    
  • a religious war: bellum pro religionibus susceptum
    
  • to invoke an irrevocable curse on the profanation of sacred rites: violatas caerimonias inexpiabili religione sancire (Tusc. 1. 12. 27)
    
  • to keep one's oath: iusiurandum (religionem) servare, conservare
    
• “religio”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɛˈli.ɡjɔ/
• Rhymes: -iɡjɔ
• Syllabification: re‧li‧gio

Noun

religio

1. vocative singular of religia