ser

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ser"

English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser

  1. Abbreviation of serial.

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser (plural sers)

  1. (historical) An old Indian unit of weight, equal to 80 tolas, or one fortieth of a maund.

Etymology 3[edit]

From sir.

Noun[edit]

ser (plural sers)

  1. (in some fantasy and sci-fi novels) An address or courtesy title to any person, especially if their gender and/or form of address are unknown.
    Would ser care to dine this evening?
    (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)

Anagrams[edit]

Asturian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ser

  1. to be

Conjugation[edit]

Impersonal forms
Infinitive ser
Gerund siendo
Past participle sío
Personal forms
yo tu él~elli/-a/-o nosotros/-es~nós vosotros/-es~vós ellos/-es
Indicative Present soi ~ so yes ye somos sois son
Imperfect preterite yera yeres yera yéremos ~ yéramos yereis ~ yerais yeren
Perfect preterite fui fuisti ~ fuesti
fosti		 foi
fo 		fuimos ~ fuemos
fomos		 fuistis ~ fuestis
fostis		 fueron
foron
Pluperfect preterite fuera ~ fuere
fora ~ fore		 fueras ~ fueres
foras ~ fores		 fuera ~ fuere
fora ~ fore		 fuéramos ~ fuéremos
fóramos ~ fóremos		 fuerais ~ fuereis
forais ~ foreis		 fueran ~ fueren
foran ~ foren
yo tu él~elli/-a/-o nosotros/-es~nós vosotros/-es~vós ellos/-es
Subjunctive Present seya
sía		 seyas
sías		 seya
sía		 seyamos
síamos		 seyáis
síais		 seyan
sían
Imperfect preterite fuera ~ fuere
fora ~ fore		 fueras ~ fueres
foras ~ fores		 fuera ~ fuere
fora ~ fore		 fuéramos ~ fuéremos
fóramos ~ fóremos		 fuerais ~ fuereis
forais ~ foreis		 fueran ~ fueren
foran ~ foren
yo tu él~elli/-a/-o nosotros/-es~nós vosotros/-es~vós ellos/-es
Potential Future seré
sedré		 serás
sedrás		 será
sedrá		 seremos
sedremos		 seréis
sedréis		 serán
sedrán
Conditional sería
sedría		 seríes
sedríes		 sería
sedría		 seríamos ~ seríemos
sedríamos ~ sedríemos		 seríais ~ seríeis
sedríais ~ sedríeis		 seríen
sedríen
- tu vusté nosotros/-es~nós vosotros/-es~vós vustedes
Imperative sé seya
sía		 vamos ser sei seyan
sían

Noun[edit]

ser m (plural seres)

  1. being

Derived terms[edit]

Baure[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser

  1. tooth
    niser — my tooth
    eser — a tooth, someone's tooth
    nitorak to eser — I found a/someone's tooth

References[edit]

  • Languages of the Amazon (2012, →ISBN

Catalan[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Perhaps borrowed from Aragonese or Spanish ser. Doublet of ésser.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ser (first-person singular present soc, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle estat or sigut); root stress: (Central, Valencian, Balearic) /e/

  1. (intransitive) to be, to exist
    Ser o no ser, aquesta és la qüestió.
    To be or not to be, that is the question.
  2. (intransitive, +adverbial phrase) to be located (to be in a place)
  3. (transitive, copulative) to be (used to connect a noun to another noun)
  4. (transitive, copulative) to have a characteristic (used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes an inherent property)
  5. (auxiliary) auxiliary verb to form the passive voice, together with a past participle
    han estat enganyats
    they have been deceived
Usage notes[edit]
  • This is one of two verbs that can be translated as to be, the other being estar. Ser/ésser indicates an inherent quality, whereas estar indicates temporary qualities that apply only at a particular time. Ser/ésser relates to estar as essence relates to state, etymologically as well as semantically.
Conjugation[edit]
    Conjugation of ser (second conjugation, irregular)
infinitive ser
gerund sent, essent
past participle masculine feminine
singular estat, sigut estada, siguda
plural estats, siguts estades, sigudes
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present soc ets és som sou són
imperfect era eres era érem éreu eren
future seré seràs serà serem sereu seran
preterite fui fores fou fórem fóreu foren
conditional seria, fora series, fores seria, fora seríem, fórem seríeu, fóreu serien, foren
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present sigui siguis sigui siguem sigueu siguin
imperfect fos fossis fos fóssim fóssiu fossin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós 		vostès
affirmative — sigues sigui siguem sigueu siguin
negative (no) — no siguis no sigui no siguem no sigueu no siguin
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Nominalization of Etymology 1.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser m (plural sers)

  1. being (living creature)

Further reading[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From clipping of English server.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) server (Classifier: 個／个 c; 部 c)
Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From clipping of English search.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ser

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) to search on the Internet; to google

See also[edit]

Czech[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ser

  1. second-person singular imperative of srát

Danish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ser

  1. present of se

Galician[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese ser, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse. The forms son (“I am”) and sodes pl (“you are”) derive from a Vulgar Latin *sonō and *sutis.

Along the way, the verb absorbed Old Galician-Portuguese seer < Latin sedēre (“sit”). The latter supplied the present subjunctive of modern ser, where /-ʃ-/ reflects Late Latin /-(d)j-/, as in sexa < sedeat).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈseɾ/ [ˈs̺eɾ]
  • Rhymes: -eɾ
  • Hyphenation: ser

Verb[edit]

ser (first-person singular present son, first-person singular preterite fun, past participle sido)
ser (first-person singular present sou, first-person singular preterite fum or fui, past participle sido, reintegrationist norm)

  1. to be
    Eu non sei como esto sexa, ou debe de ser envexa do ben que a España facés.
    I don't know how this is, or must be jealous of the good you are doing to Spain.

Usage notes[edit]

Like Portuguese and Spanish, Galician has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”. The verb ser relates to essence, origin, or physical description. In contrast, the verb estar relates to current state or position.

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of ser (irregular)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(ti) 		Third-person
(el / ela / Vde.) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal ser
Personal ser seres ser sermos serdes seren
Gerund
sendo
Past participle
Masculine sido sidos
Feminine sida sidas
Indicative
Present son es é somos sodes son
Imperfect era eras era eramos erades eran
Preterite fun fuches foi fomos fostes foron
Pluperfect fora foras fora foramos forades foran
Future serei serás será seremos seredes serán
Conditional sería serías sería seriamos seriades serían
Subjunctive
Present sexa sexas sexa sexamos sexades sexan
Imperfect fose foses fose fósemos fósedes fosen
Future for fores for formos fordes foren
Imperative
Affirmative sé sexa sexamos sede sexan
Negative (non) non sexas non sexa non sexamos non sexades non sexan
    Reintegrated conjugation of ser (irregular) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(ti / tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal ser
Personal ser seres ser sermos serdes serem
Gerund
sendo
Past participle
Masculine sido —
Feminine — —
Indicative
Present sou és é somos sodes, sois som, são
Imperfect era eras era éramos érades, éreis, érais1 eram
Preterite fum, fui foste, foche1 foi fomos fostes fôrom, foram
Pluperfect fora foras fora fôramos fôrades, fôreis, fôrais1 foram
Future serei serás será seremos seredes, sereis serám, serão
Conditional seria serias seria seríamos seríades, seríeis, seríais1 seriam
Subjunctive
Present seja sejas seja sejamos sejades, sejais sejam
Imperfect fosse fosses fosse fôssemos fôssedes, fôsseis fossem
Future for fores for formos fordes forem
Imperative
Affirmative sê seja sejamos sede sejam
Negative (nom) nom sejas nom seja nom sejamos nom sejades, nom sejais nom sejam

1Less recommended.

Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser m (plural seres)

  1. being (living creature)

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Hungarian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser (countable and uncountable, plural serek)

  1. (archaic, dialectal, humorous) Alternative form of sör (“beer”).

Usage notes[edit]

An archaic and dialectal variant of sör, but today it can also be humorous in informal conversations. In compound words and derivations, almost only sör is used.

Declension[edit]

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative ser serek
accusative sert sereket
dative sernek sereknek
instrumental serrel serekkel
causal-final serért serekért
translative serré serekké
terminative serig serekig
essive-formal serként serekként
essive-modal serül —
inessive serben serekben
superessive seren sereken
adessive sernél sereknél
illative serbe serekbe
sublative serre serekre
allative serhez serekhez
elative serből serekből
delative serről serekről
ablative sertől serektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		seré sereké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		seréi serekéi
Possessive forms of ser
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. serem sereim
2nd person sing. sered sereid
3rd person sing. sere serei
1st person plural serünk sereink
2nd person plural seretek sereitek
3rd person plural serük sereik

Derived terms[edit]

Compound words

Further reading[edit]

  • ser , redirecting to sör in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Italian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Clipping of messer.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser m

  1. (historical) sir (title and form of address for a gentleman, shortened from messer)
    Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ― Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (literally, “Leonardo son of Peter, from Vinci”)

Ladino[edit]

Verb[edit]

ser (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling סיר)

  1. to be

Lolopo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Loloish *swa² (Bradley), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Burmese သွား (swa:), Japhug tɯɕɣa, Tibetan སོ (so), Drung sa, Tedim Chin ha:², Jingpho wa.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser 

  1. (Yao'an) tooth

Mauritian Creole[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From French sœur.

Noun[edit]

ser

  1. sister
    Synonym: didi

Etymology 2[edit]

From French cher.

Adjective[edit]

ser

  1. dear
  2. expensive

Middle Dutch[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser

  1. (title and pronoun) sir, lord
    • 1301-1350, Van den VII vroeden van binnen Rome. Een dichtwerk der XIVde eeuw (INL)
      Garijn, ser Diederecs sone
      Garijn, sir Diederec's son
    • 1414, Hennen van Merchtenen's Cornicke van Brabant (INL)
      Als ijemen sterven plach, hinc men daer teken ser wapen
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Further reading[edit]

Middle English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser

  1. Alternative form of sire

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser

  1. Alternative form of sere (“dry”)

Etymology 3[edit]

Adjective[edit]

ser

  1. Alternative form of sere (“differing”)

Mirandese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ser

  1. to be (indicates a permanent quality)

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of ser (irregular)
infinitive ser
gerund sendo
past participle singular plural
masculine sido sidos
feminine sida sidas
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative you tu el nós bós eilhes
present sou sós yê somos sodes son
imperfect era eras era éramos érades éran
preterite fui fuste fui fumos fustes fúrun
pluperfect fura furas fura fúramos fúrades fúran
future serei serás será seremos sereis seran
conditional serie series serie seriemos seriedes serien
subjunctive you tu el nós bós eilhes
present seia seias seia séiamos séiades séian
preterite fusse fusses fusse fússemos fússedes fússen
future fur fures fur furmos furdes fúren
imperative — tu — — bós —
affirmative — sei — — sede —
negative — — — — — —
personal infinitive you tu el nós bós eilhes
ser seres ser sermos serdes séren

Noun[edit]

ser m (plural seres)

  1. being

See also[edit]

Northern Kurdish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Iranian *cŕ̥Hah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has (“head, top”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱŕ̥h₂-os, derived from the root *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”).

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser m (Arabic spelling سەر)

  1. (anatomy) head
    Synonym: kelle
  2. point, tip
  3. beginning, start
  4. end, extremity
Declension[edit]
Declension of ser
Definite masculine gender
Case Singular Plural
Nominative ser ser
Construct serê serên
Oblique serî seran
Demonstrative oblique wî serî wan seran
Vocative sero serino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case Singular Plural
Nominative serek serin
Construct serekî serine
Oblique serekî serinan

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition[edit]

ser (Arabic spelling سەر)

  1. on
    Antonym: bin
    li ser maseyê ― on the table

References[edit]

  • Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ser I”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 2), volume 2, London: Transnational Press, page 233
  • Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ser II”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 2), volume 2, London: Transnational Press, page 234

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ser

  1. present of se

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Verb[edit]

ser

  1. present of sjå

Pohnpeian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ser

  1. (intransitive) to run aground

Interjection[edit]

ser

  1. An exclamation used to attract the attention of two or more people.

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish syr, from Proto-Slavic *syrъ. Doublet of żur.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser m inan (diminutive serek, related adjective serowy or (obsolete) serny)

  1. (uncountable) cheese (dairy product made from curdled or cultured milk)
    Hypernym: nabiał
  2. (countable) cheese (any particular variety of cheese)
  3. (countable) cheese (piece of cheese, especially one moulded into a large round shape during manufacture)
    Hypernym: porcja

Declension[edit]

Declension of ser
singular plural
nominative ser sery
genitive sera serów
dative serowi serom
accusative ser sery
instrumental serem serami
locative serze serach
vocative serze sery

Derived terms[edit]

adjectives
nouns
verbs

Related terms[edit]

adjectives
nouns
verbs

Further reading[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese ser, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse. The forms sou (“I am”) and sois pl (“you are”) derive from a Vulgar Latin *sonō and *sutis.

Along the way, the verb absorbed Old Galician-Portuguese seer < Latin sedēre (“sit”). The latter supplied the present subjunctive of modern ser, where /-ʒ-/ reflects Late Latin /-(d)j-/, as in seja < sedeat).

Pronunciation[edit]

 
 

Verb[edit]

ser (first-person singular present sou, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle sido)

  2. (copulative) to be (to have the given quality), especially a quality that is intrinsic or not expected to change, contrasting with estar which denotes a temporary quality
    Ela está bonita, mas não é bonita.
    She is looking beautiful, but she is not beautiful.
  4. (transitive) to be (to be an example or type of, or the same as)
    Pessoas são mamíferos.
    People are mammals.
    A soma de um e dois é três.
    The sum of one and two is three.
  6. (auxiliary with a verb in the past participle) to be (forms the passive voice)
    O carro foi vendido pelo seu antigo dono.
    The car was sold by its previous owner.
    Espero que os criminosos sejam punidos.
    I hope the criminals are punished.
  8. (impersonal) to be (indicates a point in time)
    Que horas são?
    What time is it?
    São cinco horas.
    It is five o’clock.
  10. (transitive with em or another locational preposition) to be in (to be located in)
    Synonyms: ficar em, localizar-se em
    Minha casa é num bairro pobre.
    My house is in a poor neighbourhood.
    Onde são essas cidades?
    Where are these cities?
  12. (transitive with de) to be from (to have as one’s place of origin)
    Synonym: vir de
    Esses equipamentos são da Alemanha.
    These pieces of equipment are from Germany.
    Nenhum de nós é de um país estrangeiro.
    None of us is from a foreign country.
  14. (transitive with de) to be (someone’s); to belong to
    Synonym: pertencer a
    Essa casa é do prefeito.
    This house belongs to the mayor.
    Não mexa em nada que não for seu.
    Don’t touch anything that is not yours.
  16. (transitive or auxiliary with para or de and a verb in the personal infinitive) to be for; to be to (to have as its purpose)
    Synonym: servir para
    Esse tipo de faca é para cortar tomates.
    This type of knife is for cutting tomatoes.
  18. (impersonal, auxiliary with para and a verb in the personal infinitive) to be supposed to; should (introduces an expected or demanded action)
    Synonym: dever
    Não sei porque está demorando, já era para o filme ter começado.
    I don’t know why it is taking so long, the film should have started already.
    É para comermos toda a carne.
    We are supposed to eat all the meat.
  20. (transitive) to be; to cost (to be worth a given amount of money)
    Synonyms: custar, valer
    Duas maçãs são dez centavos.
    Two apples are ten cents.
  22. (intransitive) to happen; to take place; to occur
    Synonyms: acontecer, haver, ocorrer, ter, produzir-se, realizar-se, sobrevir, suceder
    O que será, será.
    Whatever happens happens.
    Quando é seu aniversário?
    When is your birthday?
  24. (transitive with por or a favor de or contra) to be against or in favour of
    Alguns foram contra a guerra, mas a maioria foi a favor.
    Some were against the war, but most were in favour.
  26. (poetic, intransitive) to exist; to be
    O mal não é.
    Evil does not exist.
  28. (impersonal, transitive) used for emphasis
    Eu é que vim.
    I’m the one who came here.

Usage notes[edit]

Portuguese has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”: generally ser relates to essence, contrasting with estar, which relates to state.

Contrast the following:

  • O homem está feliz. ― The man is [currently] happy.
  • O homem é feliz. ― The man is [always] happy.
  • Você está louco? ― Are you crazy [acting or currently insane]?
  • Você é louco? ― Are you crazy [permanently insane]?
  • Ela está em casa. ― She is [currently] at home.
  • Ela é do Brasil. ― She is [originally] from Brazil.

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of ser (irregular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal ser
Personal ser seres ser sermos serdes serem
Gerund
sendo
Past participle
Masculine sido —
Feminine — —
Indicative
Present sou és é somos sois são
Imperfect era eras era éramos éreis eram
Preterite fui foste foi fomos fostes foram
Pluperfect fora foras fora fôramos fôreis foram
Future serei serás será seremos sereis serão
Conditional seria serias seria seríamos seríeis seriam
Subjunctive
Present seja sejas seja sejamos sejais sejam
Imperfect fosse fosses fosse fôssemos fôsseis fossem
Future for fores for formos fordes forem
Imperative
Affirmative sê seja sejamos sede sejam
Negative (não) não sejas não seja não sejamos não sejais não sejam

Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ser.

Synonyms[edit]

  • (forms the passive voice): any reflexive pronoun

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser m (plural seres)

  1. being (a living creature)
    Synonyms: criatura, ente

Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ser.

Derived terms[edit]

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin serum, French sérum. Cf. also zer.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser n (plural seruri)

  1. serum

Declension[edit]

Declension of ser
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) ser serul (niște) seruri serurile
genitive/dative (unui) ser serului (unor) seruri serurilor
vocative serule serurilor

Romansch[edit]

Verb[edit]

ser (Sursilvan)

  1. Alternative form of seser

Slovene[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *śěrъ.

Adjective[edit]

sẹ̑r (comparative bȍlj sẹ̑r, superlative nȁjbolj sẹ̑r)

  1. (archaic) grey, gray (color/colour)
    Synonym: siv

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

sȇr m anim

  1. vulture of the genus Gypaetus
    brkati ser ― bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus)

Further reading[edit]

  • “ser”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse. The form sois pl (“you are”) derives from a Vulgar Latin *sutis.

Along the way, the verb absorbed Old Spanish seer < Latin sedēre (“sit”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈseɾ/ [ˈseɾ]
  • Rhymes: -eɾ
  • Syllabification: ser

Verb[edit]

ser (first-person singular present soy, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle sido)

  1. to be (essentially or identified as)
    Yo soy de los Estados Unidos. ― I am from the United States.
    Errar es humano. ― To err is human.
    • 2007, El Sueño de Morfeo, Nada es Suficiente:
      ¿Qué voy a ser si te he dado lo que soy?
      What am I going to be if I've given you what I am?
    • 2007, El Sueño de Morfeo, Para Toda la Vida:
      Si fueras una gota de agua, nadie volvería a tener sed
      If you were a drop of water, no one would thirst again
  2. to be (in the passive voice sense)
    La guitarra fue tocada. ― The guitar was played.
  3. to exist; to occur
    La fiesta será mañana. ― The party will be tomorrow.

Usage notes[edit]

  • Spanish has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”: ser relates to essence, contrasting with estar, which relates to state. Contrast the following:
  • El hombre está feliz. ― The man is [currently] happy.
  • El hombre es feliz. ― The man is [always] happy.
  • ¿Estás loco? ― Are you crazy [currently out of your mind]?
  • ¿Eres loco? ― Are you crazy [an insane person]?
  • El hombre está en España. ― The man is [currently] in Spain.
  • El hombre es de España. ― The man is [originally] from Spain.
  • ¿Cómo estás? ― How are you?
  • ¿Cómo eres? ― What are you like?

However, when stating the location of an object (but not an event), estar is used whether the location is permanent or not:

  • Madrid está en el centro de España. ― Madrid is in central Spain.

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of ser (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive ser
gerund siendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular sido sida
plural sidos sidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present soy erestú
sosvos 		es somos sois son
imperfect era eras era éramos erais eran
preterite fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron
future seré serás será seremos seréis serán
conditional sería serías sería seríamos seríais serían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present sea seastú
seásvos2 		sea seamos seáis sean
imperfect
(ra) 		fuera fueras fuera fuéramos fuerais fueran
imperfect
(se) 		fuese fueses fuese fuésemos fueseis fuesen
future1 fuere fueres fuere fuéremos fuereis fueren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative sé sea seamos sed sean
negative no seas no sea no seamos no seáis no sean

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of ser (irregular)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive ser
dative serme serte serle, serse sernos seros serles, serse
accusative serme serte serlo, serla, serse sernos seros serlos, serlas, serse
with gerund siendo
dative siéndome siéndote siéndole, siéndose siéndonos siéndoos siéndoles, siéndose
accusative siéndome siéndote siéndolo, siéndola, siéndose siéndonos siéndoos siéndolos, siéndolas, siéndose
with informal second-person singular tú/vos imperative sé
dative seme sete sele senos not used seles
accusative seme sete selo, sela senos not used selos, selas
with formal second-person singular imperative sea
dative séame not used séale, séase séanos not used séales
accusative séame not used séalo, séala, séase séanos not used séalos, séalas
with first-person plural imperative seamos
dative not used seámoste seámosle seámonos seámoos seámosles
accusative not used seámoste seámoslo, seámosla seámonos seámoos seámoslos, seámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative sed
dative sedme not used sedle sednos seos sedles
accusative sedme not used sedlo, sedla sednos seos sedlos, sedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative sean
dative séanme not used séanle séannos not used séanles, séanse
accusative séanme not used séanlo, séanla séannos not used séanlos, séanlas, séanse

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser m (plural seres)

  1. a being, organism
  2. nature, essence
  3. value, worth

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Swedish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ser

  1. present indicative of se

Anagrams[edit]

Tagalog[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English sir.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜇ᜔)

  1. (colloquial) sir (A respectful term of address to a man of higher rank or position [often older], especially if his name or proper title is unknown)
    Synonyms: ginoo, maginoo

Related terms[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Persian سر (sar).

Noun[edit]

ser (definite accusative seri, plural serler)

  1. (archaic) head
Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

ser

  1. second-person singular imperative of sermek

Volapük[edit]

Numeral[edit]

ser

  1. zero

Welsh[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Welsh serr, Proto-Celtic *serrā. Cf. Middle Irish serr.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ser m (plural serrod or serroedd, not mutable)

  1. billhook, sickle, scythe
  2. (dictionary) sword

Synonyms[edit]

References[edit]

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ser”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  • Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
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