1 Peter: A Commentary on First Peter

Contents Foreword to Hermeneia Preface XIII XV Reference Codes x1x 1. Abbreviations XIX 2. Short Titles of Commentaries, Studies, and Articles Often Cited xx111 Editor's Note xxxv1 Introduction I. Authorship 1 A. Language 2 1. Types of Greek 2 2. Language of 1 Peter 3 a. Care of Composition 3 b. Semiticisms 4 c. Vocabulary 4 d. Rhetorical Elements 4 e. Author's Acquaintance with Greek 6 f. Role of Silvanus 7 B. Reflections of the Life and Teaching ofjesus of Nazareth 9 I. Personal Reminiscences 9 2. Sayings ofjesus IO C. Thought-World of I Peter 12 I. Old Testament I2 2. Qumran 13 3. Mystery Religions 13 4.Acu I4 Excursus: Conceptual Similarities between Acts and 1 Peter I5 5. Pauline Letters I5 a. Romans 15 b. Ephesians 16 c. Other Pauline Letters 18 6. Other New Testament Writings 19 a.James 20 b. Hebrews 20 c.John 21 d. Synoptic Gospels 21 e. Common Christian Tradition 21 D. Historical Situation of 1 Peter 23 1. Roman Policy 23 a. Roman Policies on Non-Roman Religions 24 b. Roman Policies on Collegia 25 c. Roman Policies on the Imperial Cult 26 2. Persecutions 28 a. General Persecution 29 I) Nero 29 2) Vespasian 30 Vll 3) Domitian 30 4) Trajan 32 5) Conclusions 33 b. Local Persecution 34 l) Official Local Persecutions 34 2) Unofficial Local Persecutions 34 c. Conclusions 35 E. Content of I Peter 36 I. Ecclesiology and Church Order 36 2. Christology 37 3. Ethical Admonitions 38 4. Conclusion 38 F. Further Considerations for Determining Authorship 39 G. I Peter as Pseudonymous 39 1. Practice of Pseudonymity in the New Testament Environment 39 2. Why Peter? 41 H. Conclusions 42 II. Date 43 A. External Attestation 44 B. Internal Evidence 46 1. Prior to 70 CE 47 2. Subsequent to 70 CE 47 3. During the Period 80-100 CE 48 4. Subsequent to 100 CE 49 5. Conclusions 49 Ill. Readers 50 A. Racial Origin 50 B. Social and Economic Status 51 1. Household Codes 52 a. Origin 52 b. Purpose 53 2. Social and Economic Status of the Intended Readers 55 a. Slaves 56 b. Aliens and Exiles 56 c. People of Means 56 d. Diversity of Background 57 3. Internal Status of the Christian Community 57 IV. Literary Shape of 1 Peter 58 A. Literary Unity of 1 Peter 58 I. Evidence for 1 Peter as Composite 58 2. Origin of I Peter as a Composite Letter 59 3. Recent Evaluation of Evidence and Proposals 60 a. Evidence of Its Composite Nature 60 b. Theories of Its Composite Nature 61 c. Emerging Consensus 61 Vlll [18.191.228.88] Project MUSE (2024-04-24 19:04 GMT) B. Type of Letter 62 C. Origin of 1 Peter 63 V. Theological Shape of 1 Peter 64 A. Theme and Purpose 64 B. Theological Coherence 66 1. Theological Logic 66 a. Hope 67 b. Inheritance 67 c. Salvation 67 2. Theological Structure 68 a. Past, Present, and Future: Christ and the Fate of the Christian 68 b. Christians' Past, Present; Present, Future 68 3. Controlling Metaphor 69 4. Theological Coherence 72 VI. Structure and Outline 73 A. Structure 73 B. Outline 73 VII. Text of 1 Peter 74 A. Papyrus Manuscripts 74 B. Uncials 74 C. Minuscules 74 D. Text Types 75 Commentary ---------------------------1 :1-2 I :3-I2 1:13-2:10 • Epistolary Opening 79 79 83 1:1-2 Epistolary Introduction Excursus: Area Addressed in 1:1 • Prooemium 90 I :3-5 A New Life and Its Consequences 92 Excursus: Common Baptismal Liturgy Underlying 1 Peter 1:3-5 and Titus 3:5-7 93 I :6-9 Trials in the Present, Salvation in the Future 99 1: I0-12 Salvation in Christ Revealed to the Propheu 105 Excursus: Apocalyptic and 1 Peter I 05 • Body Opening II4 I: 13-16 Lives of Hope Are Holy Lives 11 7 Excursus: Imperatival Use ofParticiples in 1 Peter 117 1:17-21 Act in Ways Appropriate to Your Redemption 123 IX 2:11-4:11 4:12-5:11 X Excursus: The jewish Proselyte Ceremonial astheKeyto1:18-19 130 1:22-25 Begotten by God's Word, You Must Love One Another 135 Excursus: Background and Derivation of 1:22 138 2:1-3 Desire Appropriate Things 143 2:4-10 You Are a Chosen People 149 Excursus: The Transition from 2:1-3 to 2:4-10 153 Excursus: 1 Peter 2...