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Table representation of search results timeline featuring number of search results per year.

Year Number of Results
1971 1
1972 1
1975 2
1977 1
1978 1
1979 2
1980 4
1981 4
1982 3
1983 2
1984 4
1985 6
1986 2
1987 6
1989 3
1990 19
1991 25
1992 17
1993 33
1994 21
1995 29
1996 21
1997 26
1998 27
1999 22
2000 19
2001 27
2002 23
2003 39
2004 93
2005 92
2006 84
2007 79
2008 64
2009 72
2010 44
2011 51
2012 57
2013 58
2014 73
2015 71
2016 62
2017 59
2018 87
2019 88
2020 1856
2021 4295
2022 4531
2023 2512
2024 635

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13,978 results

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Page 1
Mutations and Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.
Magazine N, Zhang T, Wu Y, McGee MC, Veggiani G, Huang W. Magazine N, et al. Viruses. 2022 Mar 19;14(3):640. doi: 10.3390/v14030640. Viruses. 2022. PMID: 35337047 Free PMC article. Review.
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates target recognition, cellular entry, and ultimately the viral infection that leads to various levels of COVID-19 severities. Positive evolutionary selection of mutations within the spike protein has led to the genes …
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates target recognition, cellular entry, and ultimately the viral infection that leads to var …
Spike-ACE2 protein-protein interaction (AlphaLISA).
[No authors listed] [No authors listed] SARS-CoV-2 Assays [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS); 2020–. SARS-CoV-2 Assays [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS); 2020–. PMID: 35512044 Free Books & Documents. Review.
Surface ACE2 receptor protein has been shown to be the primary host factor recognized and targeted by SARS-CoV-2 virions. This binding event between SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and host ACE2 initiates binding of the viral capsid and eventually leads to viral entry in h …
Surface ACE2 receptor protein has been shown to be the primary host factor recognized and targeted by SARS-CoV-2 virions. This binding event …
Could SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Be Responsible for Long-COVID Syndrome?
Theoharides TC. Theoharides TC. Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Mar;59(3):1850-1861. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02696-0. Epub 2022 Jan 13. Mol Neurobiol. 2022. PMID: 35028901 Free PMC article. Review.
Most of the vaccines produced so far for COVID-19 direct mammalian cells via either mRNA or an adenovirus vector to express the spike protein, or administer recombinant spike protein, which is recognized by the immune system leading to the production o …
Most of the vaccines produced so far for COVID-19 direct mammalian cells via either mRNA or an adenovirus vector to express the spike …
Strategies for the Management of Spike Protein-Related Pathology.
Halma MTJ, Plothe C, Marik P, Lawrie TA. Halma MTJ, et al. Microorganisms. 2023 May 17;11(5):1308. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11051308. Microorganisms. 2023. PMID: 37317282 Free PMC article. Review.
In the wake of the COVID-19 crisis, a need has arisen to prevent and treat two related conditions, COVID-19 vaccine injury and long COVID-19, both of which can trace at least part of their aetiology to the spike protein, which can cause harm through several mechanis …
In the wake of the COVID-19 crisis, a need has arisen to prevent and treat two related conditions, COVID-19 vaccine injury and long COVID-19 …
Presence of viral spike protein and vaccinal spike protein in the blood serum of patients with long-COVID syndrome.
Dhuli K, Medori MC, Micheletti C, Donato K, Fioretti F, Calzoni A, Praderio A, De Angelis MG, Arabia G, Cristoni S, Nodari S, Bertelli M. Dhuli K, et al. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 Dec;27(6 Suppl):13-19. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34685. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023. PMID: 38112944 Free article. Retracted.
Although official data state that vaccinal spike protein is harmless and remains at the site of infection, several studies proposed spike protein toxicity and found it in blood circulation several months after the vaccination. ...According to these res …
Although official data state that vaccinal spike protein is harmless and remains at the site of infection, several studies pro …
A Potential Role of the Spike Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review.
Seneff S, Kyriakopoulos AM, Nigh G, McCullough PA. Seneff S, et al. Cureus. 2023 Feb 11;15(2):e34872. doi: 10.7759/cureus.34872. eCollection 2023 Feb. Cureus. 2023. PMID: 36788995 Free PMC article. Review.
Based on in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence relating to prion and prion-like disease, we extrapolate from the compelling evidence that the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 contains extended amino acid sequences characteristic of a prion-like protein to infer its potential …
Based on in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence relating to prion and prion-like disease, we extrapolate from the compelling evidence th …
Detection of recombinant Spike protein in the blood of individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2: Possible molecular mechanisms.
Brogna C, Cristoni S, Marino G, Montano L, Viduto V, Fabrowski M, Lettieri G, Piscopo M. Brogna C, et al. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2023 Nov;17(6):e2300048. doi: 10.1002/prca.202300048. Epub 2023 Aug 31. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2023. PMID: 37650258
This work presents a proteomic approach to reveal the presence of recombinant Spike protein in vaccinated subjects regardless of antibody titer. ...CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The presented method allows to evaluate the half-life of the Spike prote …
This work presents a proteomic approach to reveal the presence of recombinant Spike protein in vaccinated subjects regardless …
Be aware of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: There is more than meets the eye.
Theoharides TC, Conti P. Theoharides TC, et al. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2021 May-Jun;35(3):833-838. doi: 10.23812/THEO_EDIT_3_21. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2021. PMID: 34100279
The best well-known vaccines have utilized either mRNA or an adenovirus vector to direct human cells to produce the spike protein against which the body produces mostly neutralizing antibodies. However, recent reports have raised some skepticism as to the biologic a …
The best well-known vaccines have utilized either mRNA or an adenovirus vector to direct human cells to produce the spike protein …
Cutting Edge: Circulating Exosomes with COVID Spike Protein Are Induced by BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) Vaccination prior to Development of Antibodies: A Novel Mechanism for Immune Activation by mRNA Vaccines.
Bansal S, Perincheri S, Fleming T, Poulson C, Tiffany B, Bremner RM, Mohanakumar T. Bansal S, et al. J Immunol. 2021 Nov 15;207(10):2405-2410. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100637. Epub 2021 Oct 15. J Immunol. 2021. PMID: 34654691
Exosomes with spike protein, Abs to SARS-CoV-2 spike, and T cells secreting IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha increased following the booster dose. Transmission electron microscopy of exosomes also demonstrated spike protein Ags on their surface. Exosomes with …
Exosomes with spike protein, Abs to SARS-CoV-2 spike, and T cells secreting IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha increased following the bo …
Exploring Spike Protein as Potential Target of Novel Coronavirus and to Inhibit the Viability Utilizing Natural Agents.
Nandi S, Roy H, Gummadi A, Saxena AK. Nandi S, et al. Curr Drug Targets. 2021;22(17):2006-2020. doi: 10.2174/1389450122666210309105820. Curr Drug Targets. 2021. PMID: 33687893 Review.
RESULTS: It has been shown that the interaction of receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS- CoV-2 spike and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) host receptor and further replication of coronavirus spike protein causes its invasion in the host cell. The …
RESULTS: It has been shown that the interaction of receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS- CoV-2 spike and the angiotensin-converting …
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