Bullying in schools is now widely acknowledged and the detrimental effect on children who are bullied is well recognised. A literature review aimed at exploring the links between bullying and depression in primary school children uncovered evidence of depression in the children who bully. Further analysis of the literature identified conflicting research findings. This article summarises the causes and implications of aggression and bullying behaviour, including future outcomes for children who bully. Further research is necessary as the evidence suggesting that bullies are depressed contradicts indications that they are confident and have a high self-esteem.