Dispersal syndromes drive the formation of biogeographical regions, illustrated by the case of Wallace’s Line

White, Alexander E.; Dey, Kushal Kumar; Stephens, Matthew; Price, Trevor D.

doi:10.1111/geb.13250

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Motifs are thus the entities of primary interest, not regions per se, and the study of regionalization in this framework involves identifying motifs and characterizing the spatial changes in their dominance. The approach has been used to reveal shifts of bird distributions under climate change (Valle et al ., 2018), spatial structure of soil microorganisms (Sommeria‐Klein et al ., 2020), and dispersal syndromes associated with Wallace's Line (White et al ., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grade of Membership models reveal geographical and environmental correlates of floristic structure in a temperate biodiversity hotspot

Sun

Boufford

et al. 2021

New Phytologist

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Identifying the contours and correlates of species turnover is central to understanding the nature of biogeographical regions. The Hengduan Mountains region of south-central China (HMR) is well known for its high diversity of plants, but its boundaries and internal floristic structure are poorly understood, especially in relation to geographical and environmental factors.With data on occurrences and elevational ranges of seed plants across the HMR and adjacent areas of the greater Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we identified motifs (distinct species assemblages) by Grade of Membership models, and characterized relative contributions of geography, elevation, and climate to their spatial patterns.Motifs segregate primarily by latitude, elevation, and correlated environmental variables, most sharply across the tropical-temperate divide. Secondarily, they segregate by longitude and geographical features, and reveal a novel divide across the Jinsha River. A core set of motifs corresponds to previous delineations of the HMR.The HMR biodiversity hotspot is more a mosaic of floristic elements than a cohesive entity. Grade of Membership models effectively reveal the geographical contours of biotic structure, and are a valuable new tool for biogeographical analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grade of Membership models reveal geographical and environmental correlates of floristic structure in a temperate biodiversity hotspot

Sun

Boufford

et al. 2021

New Phytologist

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“…The impacts of arrival order are generally discussed in terms of inhibitory priority effects (hereafter ‘priority effects’) (MacArthur, 1972), whereby resident species—by filling ecological niche space (Odion et al, 2010; Westoby et al, 1989)—preclude the invasion of later arrivals. Priority effects have been documented in many systems and can fundamentally alter the composition, diversity, evolution and functioning of ecological communities (Chase, 2003; Fukami, 2015; Urban & De Meester, 2009; White et al, 2021). Extended over macroevolutionary timescales, priority effects—often referred to as ‘niche incumbency’—have been invoked to explain many of the major features of biodiversity (Valentine et al, 2008), from the succession of evolutionary dynasties following mass extinction events (Hull, 2015), to the unfolding of adaptive radiations (Gillespie et al, 2020; Stroud & Losos, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priority effects and the macroevolutionary dynamics of biodiversity

2021

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Priority effects can play a fundamental role in the assembly of ecological communities, but how they shape the dynamics of biodiversity over macroevolutionary timescales remains unclear. Here we develop and analyse a metacommunity model combining local priority effects with niche evolution, speciation and extinction. We show that by promoting the persistence of rare species, local priority effects cause the evolution of higher metacommunity diversity as well as major disparities in richness among evolutionary lineages. However, we also show how classic macroevolutionary patterns of niche incumbency—whereby rates of regional diversification and invasion slow down as ecological niches are filled—do not depend on local priority effects, arising even when invading species continuously displace residents. Together, these results clarify the connection between local priority effects and the filling of ecological niche space, and reveal how the impact of species arrival order on competition fundamentally shapes the generation and maintenance of biodiversity.

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“…Previous categorization efforts relied primarily on a single clustering method applied to the distribution of superspecies (Hall and Moreau 1970), upon differing patterns of nestedness (Dowsett 1986, Cordeiro 1998, or the use of alternative clustering methods, most notably UPGMA (Graham et al 2005, Linder et al 2012). Here, I combine methods employed by previous authors with a new technique for visualizing community composition (ecostructure) that provides a novel perspective into the motifs contributing to transitional montane bird communities (White et al 2019, White et al 2021.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, adjusting levels of K within the ecostructure algorithm allows for finer and finer scale analyses of biogeographic breaks within particular regions, allowing for easier interpretations of community composition that defy ordinal classification. Results from ecostructure sometimes make it difficult to assign particular ranges to specific biogeographic motifs, but they can be enormously helpful in identifying transition regions of community admixture (White et al 2021) and can more accurately reflect true patterns of non-uniform colonization between montane taxa, as evidenced by genetics and by varying levels of differentiation within single taxa and superspecies (Dowsett 1986, Vaz da Silva 2015, Billerman et al 2020). However, this study still cannot clarify the ambiguity regarding the effects of local extinction on species' modern distributions and modern montane communities given that vicariant processes can result in parallel patterns to dispersal (e.g., in the case of Gypeatus barbatus in the Ethiopian Highlands and the Southern Great Escarpment; Zink et al 2000, Billerman et al 2020.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dendrograms were manipulated, analyzed, and plotted using the R packages ape (Paradis and Schleip 2019), dendextend (Galili 2015), ggtree (Yu et al 2017, Yu et al 2018, Yu 2020, phytools (Revell 2012), and tidytree (Yu 2021). Lastly, I visualized the inherent geographic structure of taxonomic composition among montane regions using the R package ecostructure (White et al 2019, White et al 2021. This program emulates the genetic algorithm STRUCTURE (Hubisz et al 2009) to parse presence-absence matrices into different geographic motifs.…”

Section: Clustering Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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