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The Early World Wide Web at SLAC: |
September: SLAC Physicist Paul Kunz brings word of the World Wide Web's existence to SLAC on his return from a meeting with Tim Berners-Lee at CERN.
The first pages served by the SLAC Web server include:
SPIRES INDEX A1 V 43 12 1 12/12/91 15:59:13 SPIRES HTML A1 V 74 9 1 12/09/91 17:20:32 DEFAULT HTML A1 V 81 13 1 12/06/91 21:15:48 BINLIST HTML A1 V 73 13 1 12/06/91 21:11:53 BINLIST INDEX A1 F 80 8 1 12/06/91 21:00:22
Tim Berners-Lee email of Friday 13 December 1991 to the lists www-interest@cernvax.cern.ch and www-talk@cernvax.cern.ch, (with a Cc: to Paul Kunz, at pfkeb@kaon.slac.stanford.edu) announces: "There is an experimental W3 server for the SPIRES High energy Physics preprint database, thanks to Terry Hung, Paul Kunz and Louise Addis of SLAC."
January: Tim Berners-Lee presents a live demonstration of the Web at a High Energy Physics computing workshop in southern France. Connecting to the SLAC SPIRES Web page is the "grand finale" of the demo. (Tim did not tell Paul Kunz, who was in attendance, in advance that he was going to demonstrate the link to SPIRES.) Physicists return to their home institutions and tell their colleagues about the Web ... and about the SPIRES connection.
February: An Ad Hoc web support group, the WWW Wizards is convened by Louise Addis. The 'volunteers' are Louise Addis, Mark Barnett, George Crane, Tony Johnson, Bebo White, and Joan Winters. The group is advised by Paul Kunz and starts work immediately to explore possible uses for the WWW at SLAC.
July: WWW Wizard, Tony Johnson, a physicist with the SLAC-SLD experiment, creates the first central SLAC "front page", named slac.html.
Fall:Tony Johnson releases the MidasWWW browser. Based on Motif/X, MidasWWW allows viewing of PostScript files on the Web from Unix and VMS, and even handles compressed PostScript.
February: A new X browser called Mosaic is released by The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). It has many of the features of MidasWWW and the support of a large organization. With the availability and widespread adoption of Mosaic, Web use starts to gain momentum...
The SLAC Library acquires a NeXT computer and a 1.3 gigabyte disk and starts to take the 'next' step by converting the TeX DVI files to PostScript using the DVIPS program on Unix. The files are then compressed and stored on a SLAC WWW server. Figures are requested by e-mail from authors, faxed to our NextFAX, converted to Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) format and posted with the basic text on the SLAC PostScript server (preprint.slac.stanford.edu).
SPIRES-HEP can now be searched using the MidasWWW browser on an X-terminal and the genuine full-text complete with equations -- and often figures -- can be displayed or printed by anyone in the world with a web browser.
June: The full text service on SPIRES-HEP is made public
August: SPIRES-HEP is receiving about 38,000 queries/month. Of these, 15,000 are thru WWW.
November: Joan Winters installs the first "official" SLAC home page with links to web pages developed by others across the laboratory.
Additional features are added to the SPIRES-HEP service thru WWW. It is now possible to see who has cited any of an author's papers and to go directly to the full-text of the citing paper on the "e-print archives," initiated in 1991 as a bulletin board for unpublished physics papers by Paul Ginsparg. Ginsparg, at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), starts to link to the SLAC PostScript server in order to supply .ps.Z files as well as the TeX source. Others start setting up shadow servers to have the PostScript versions closer at hand. (Networks are the limiting factor: not everyone has fast enough connections yet to make PostScript viewing feasible)
May: IHEP in Beijing China becomes the first Chinese institution to have a fully operational world-wide Internet connection, when a dedicated link with SLAC is initiated.
Use of WWW explodes to the world beyond physics...
For more about the history of the early Web, see:
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Questions? slacarc@slac.stanford.edu |
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Page Owner: Jean Marie Deken