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animal ... Annapolis Convention
		animal (kingdom Animalia), any of a group of multicellular eukaryotic organisms (i.e., as distinct from bacteria, their deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is contained in a membrane-bound nucleus). They are thought to have evolved independently from the unicellular eukaryotes. Animals differ from members of the two other kingdoms of ... animal any member of the kingdom Animalia, a group of multicellular organisms that are thought to have evolved independently from the unicellular eukaryotes. Animals differ from members of the two other multicellular kingdoms, the plants (Plantae) and the fungi (Mycota), in fundamental variations in morphology and physiology. animal behaviour any activity of an intact organism. animal breeding controlled propagation of domestic animals. Its aim is the improvement of qualities considered desirable by humans. Breeding procedures involve the application of several basic sciences, chiefly reproductive physiology, genetics, and statistics. This article deals with the practical application of scientific principles to the selection of superior animals and the planning ... animal communication the transmission of information from one animal to another by means of sound, visible sign or behaviour, taste or odour, electrical impulse, touch, or a combination of these mediums. In general, communication is employed by animals to attract or repel other individuals of particular groups and to establish and maintain ... animal development the processes that lead eventually to the formation of a new animal starting from cells derived from one or more parent individuals. Development thus occurs following the process by which a new generation of organisms is produced by the parent generation. animal disease an impairment of the normal state of an animal that interrupts or modifies its vital functions. animal interlace in calligraphy, rich, fanciful decorative motif characteristic of work by the Hiberno-Saxon book artists of the early Middle Ages in the British Isles. Its intertwined, fantastic animal and bird forms are often densely and minutely detailed-an example in the Book of Kells (c. 800) contains 158 interlacements in a space ... animal learning the alternation of behaviour as a result of individual experience. When an organism can perceive and change its behaviour, it is said to learn. animal magnetism a presumed intangible or mysterious force that is said to influence human beings. The term was used by the German physician Franz Anton Mesmer to explain the hypnotic procedure that he used in the treatment of patients. (See hypnosis.) Mesmer believed that it was an occult force or invisible fluid ... animal rights rights said to belong to some of the higher nonhuman animals-or, in some views, to all nonhuman animals-by virtue of their cognitive abilities or their capacity to feel pleasure and pain or on other grounds. animal worship veneration of an animal, usually because of its connection with a particular deity. The term was used by Western religionists in a pejorative manner and by ancient Greek and Roman polemicists against theriomorphic religions-those religions whose gods are represented in animal form. Most examples given for animal worship in primitive ... animals, master of the supernatural figure regarded as the protector of game in the traditions of early hunting peoples. The name was actually devised by Western scholars who have studied such hunting societies. In some traditions, the master of the animals is believed to be the ruler of the forest and guardian of all ... Animals, the five-piece rock group from northeastern England whose driving sound influenced Bob Dylan's decision, in 1965, to begin working with musicians playing electric instruments. The principal members were Eric Burdon (b. May 11, 1941, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, Eng., ), Alan Price (b. April 19, 1942, Fatfield, Durham, ), ... animation the art of making inanimate objects appear to move. Animation is an artistic impulse that long predates the movies. History's first recorded animator is Pygmalion of Greek and Roman mythology, a sculptor who created a figure of a woman so perfect that he fell in love with her and begged ... Animikie Series division of Precambrian rocks and time in North America (the Precambrian occurred from 3.96 billion to 540 million years ago). The Animikie Series, the uppermost division of the Huronian System, overlies rocks of the Cobalt Series. Animuccia, Giovanni Italian composer who contributed to the development of the oratorio. anion atom or group of atoms carrying a negative electric charge. See ion. anise (Pimpinella anisum), annual herb of the parsley family (Apiaceae, or Umbelliferae), cultivated chiefly for its fruits, called aniseed, the flavour of which resembles that of licorice. The plant, up to 0.75 m (2.5 feet) tall, has long-stalked basal leaves and shorter, stalked stem leaves. Its small, yellowish white flowers form ... Anisian Stage lowermost of two divisions of the Middle Triassic Series, representing those rocks deposited worldwide during Anisian time (242 million to 234 million years ago) in the Triassic Period. The stage name is derived from an area of limestone formations along the Anisus River at Grossreifling in the Austrian Alps. The ... anisometric verse poetic verse that does not have equal or corresponding poetic metres. An anisometric stanza is composed of lines of unequal metrical length, as in William Wordsworth's "Ode: Intimations of Immortality," which beginsThere was a time when meadow, grove, and stream,The earth, and every common sight,To me did seemAppareled in celestial ... anisotropy in physics, the quality of exhibiting properties with different values when measured along axes in different directions. Anisotropy is most easily observed in single crystals of solid elements or compounds, in which atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in regular lattices. In contrast, the random distribution of particles in liquids, ... Anius in Greek mythology, the son of the god Apollo and of Rhoeo, who was herself a descendant of the god Dionysus. Rhoeo, when pregnant, had been placed in a chest and cast into the sea by her father; floating to the island of Delos, she gave birth to Anius, who ... Anjala League (1788-89), a conspiracy of Swedish and Finnish army officers that undermined the Swedish war effort in the Russo-Swedish War of 1788-90. Shortly after the outbreak of war, 113 officers in the Finnish town of Anjala dispatched a letter to Empress Catherine II the Great of Russia calling for peace on ... Anjo city, Aichi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, in the middle of the Hekkai Terrace. Irrigation was introduced into the area in the late 19th century, permitting cultivation of two crops of rice and wheat annually. In 1891 the Anjo station on the railroad between Tokyo and Kobe was opened, and the ... Anjou historical and cultural region encompassing the western French departement of Maine-et-Loire and coextensive with the former province of Anjou. The former province of Anjou also encompassed the regions of La Fleche and Chateau-Gontier. Anjou, Francois, Duke d' fourth and youngest son of Henry II of France and Catherine de Medicis; his three brothers-Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III-were kings of France. But for his early death at age 30, he too would have been king. Ankara capital of Turkey, in the northwestern part of the country. It lies about 125 miles (200 km) south of the Black Sea, near the confluence of the Hatip, Ince Su, and Cubek streams. Ankara, Battle of (July 20, 1402), military confrontation in which forces of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I were defeated by those of the Central Asian ruler Timur (Tamerlane) and which resulted in the collapse of Bayezid's hastily founded empire. Ankara, Treaty of (Oct. 20, 1921), pact between the government of France and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey at Ankara, signed by the French diplomat Henri Franklin-Bouillon and Yusuf Kemal Bey, the Turkish nationalist foreign minister. It formalized the de facto recognition by France of the Grand National Assembly, rather than the ... Ankaratra volcanic mountainous region in central Madagascar (Malagasy), covering an area of approximately 2,000 square miles (5,200 square km) and rising to 8,671 feet (2,643 m) in Mount Tsiafajavona, the nation's second highest peak. The main range runs south-southwest from the town of Antananarivo. Antsirabe (q.v.), situated on the slopes of ... ankh ancient Egyptian hieroglyph signifying "life," a cross surmounted by a loop and known in Latin as a crux ansata (ansate, or handle-shaped, cross). It is found in ancient tomb inscriptions, including those of the king Tutankhamen, and gods and pharaohs are often depicted holding it. The ankh forms part of ... Ankhesenamen queen of Egypt (reigned 1332-1322 BC), who attempted a diplomatic coup after her husband Tutankhamen's death. ankle in humans, hinge-type, freely moving synovial joint between the foot and leg. The ankle contains seven tarsal bones that articulate (connect) with each other, with the metatarsal bones of the foot, and with the bones of the lower leg. The articulation of one of the tarsal bones, the ankle bone ... anklet in jewelry, bracelet worn around the ankle. Ornamental anklets have been worn for centuries, particularly in the East. Jewelry found in Persia and dating from the end of the 2nd millennium to the 7th century BC includes anklets, some decorated with animals such as an ibex with curving horns. Anklets ... Ankobra river in southern Ghana, western Africa. Rising northeast of Wiawso, it flows about 120 miles (190 km) south to the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic) just west of Axim, commercial centre of the river basin. Its chief tributaries are the Mansi and the Bonsa rivers, and much of its basin is ... Ankylosaurus armoured ornithischian dinosaurs that lived 70 million to 65 million years ago in North America during the Late Cretaceous Period. Ankylosaurus is a genus belonging to a larger group (infraorder Ankylosauria) of related four-legged, herbivorous, heavily armoured dinosaurs that flourished throughout the Cretaceous Period (144 million to 65 million years ... Ann Arbor city, seat (1827) of Washtenaw county, southeastern Michigan, U.S., on the Huron River. John Allen and Elisha W. Rumsey founded the community in 1824, which they named for their wives (both called Ann) and the local natural groves, or arbors. The settlement developed as an agricultural trading centre after the ... Ann, Cape cape on the Atlantic Ocean comprising the eastern extremity of Essex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S., 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Boston. Sheltering Ipswich Bay, it is indented by Annisquam Harbor on the north and Gloucester Harbor on the south. The tidal Annisquam River, a 4-mile- (6.4-km-) long navigable waterway, ... Anna regent of Russia (November 1740-November 1741) for her son, the emperor Ivan VI. Anna empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. Anna Comnena Byzantine historian and daughter of the emperor Alexius I Comnenus. She is remembered for her Alexiad, a history of the life and reign of her father, which became a valuable source as a pro-Byzantine account of the early Crusades. Annaba town and Mediterranean port, northeastern Algeria. It lies near the mouth of the Wadi Seybouse, close to the Tunisian border. Its location on a natural harbour (Annaba Gulf) between Capes Garde and Rosa early attracted the Phoenicians, probably in the 12th century BC. It passed to the Romans as Hippo ... Annaberg-Buchholz town, Saxony Land (state), east-central Germany. It lies high in the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge), near the Czech border. The town was formed in 1945 by the union of Annaberg (chartered 1497) and Buchholz (chartered 1501), both of which were founded as silver-mining settlements. With the decline of ... annabergite hydrated nickel arsenate mineral that is very similar to erythrite (q.v.). annalist any of the Roman historians prior to Livy (1st century BC-1st century AD) who drew up the conventional history of Rome from the foundation of the city. For their sources early Roman historians relied for the most part on the annual tabulae pontificum, or annales, which after 300 BC contained ... Annam French-governed Vietnam or, more strictly, its central region, known in precolonial times as Trung Ky (Central Administrative Division). The term Annam (Chinese: "Pacified South") was never officially used by the Vietnamese to describe their country, even during the French colonial period. Annamese Cordillera principal mountain range of Indochina and the watershed between the Mekong River and the South China Sea. It extends parallel to the coast in a gentle curve generally northwest-southeast, forming the boundary between Laos and Vietnam. A fairly continuous range for about 700 miles (1,100 km), its rather precipitous eastern ... Annan, Kofi Ghanaian international civil servant who in 1997 became the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations (UN). He was the corecipient, with the United Nations, of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2001. Annapolis capital of the U.S. state of Maryland and seat of Anne Arundel county. The city lies along the Severn River at its mouth on Chesapeake Bay, 27 miles (43 km) southeast of Baltimore. Annapolis Convention in U.S. history, regional meeting at Annapolis, Md., in September 1786; it was an important rallying point in the movement toward a federal convention to revise the inadequate Articles of Confederation.