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Greenwich
Village
Sapokanikan was the name of one of several Lenape villages that
archaeologists have identified as existing on Manhattan Island prior
to the coming of Europeans. It was located in the southwest portion
of the island, on the shores of a trout stream the Indians called
Minetta. Stretching things just a bit, one might say the members
of this seasonal community were the first residents of Greenwich
Village.
Dutch settlement of the area began in 1629, when the third director
of New Netherland, Wouter Van Twiller, got a grant from the West
India Company for a tobacco plantation. Surprisingly, tobacco was
a genuine commodity on Manhattan during the Dutch period. It grew
well enough in this corner of the island that the word “Sapokanikan”
may in fact have meant “wild tobacco.” The most famous
landowners in this area during the period were Everardus Bogardus,
the Dutch Reformed minister of the colony, and his wife, Anneke
Jans. In reality, it was Anneke who managed the estate, and grew
it to considerable proportions.
This was also an area where the West India Company conveyed farm
lots to freed African slaves. The records of the colony show the
first of these African landholders on Manhattan—Antony Portuguese,
Gratia Dangola, Manuel Gerrit de Reus—passing their property
down through successive generations. It’s hard to picture
the area of that time when walking in the Village today, but a small
vestige remains. If you stand at the northeast corner of Sixth Avenue
and Bleecker Street, you will see a tiny block that juts northward
just a few dozen paces, curving like a stream. Minetta Street is
a remnant of what in the English colonial era was known as the Negroes’
Causeway—the road that ran alongside Minetta Brook (which
was forced underground in the nineteenth century) and connected
the area of African farms with points south. |