| | - Adams, Don
- American actor and comedian (b. April 13, 1923, New York, N.Y.-d. Sept. 25, 2005, Los Angeles, Calif.), portrayed the bumbling Maxwell Smart, Agent 86, in 138 episodes of the television spy-spoof series Get Smart (1965-70) and in a subsequent feature film, made-for-TV movie, and another, short-lived series. He employed a ...
- Adams, Douglas
- British comic writer whose works satirize contemporary life through a luckless protagonist who deals ineptly with societal forces beyond his control. Adams is best known for the mock science-fiction series known collectively as The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Eddie
- American photojournalist (b. June 12, 1933, New Kensington, Pa.-d. Sept. 19, 2004, New York, N.Y.), won hundreds of awards during his 45-year career and counted 13 wars among the events he covered but was most renowned for the Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph he took in 1968 at the moment a South ...
- Adams, Edie
- American singer was a sultry blonde beauty who served as the comic foil for her husband, Ernie Kovacs, in his TV comedy-show sketches; she also spent more than two decades appearing in Muriel cigar advertisements, in which she sang and breathily invited, "Why don't you pick one up and smoke ...
- Adams, Franklin Pierce
- U.S. newspaper columnist, translator, poet, and radio personality whose humorous syndicated column "The Conning Tower" earned him the reputation of godfather of the contemporary newspaper column. He wrote primarily under his initials, F.P.A. [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Gerry
- president of Sinn Fein, the political wing of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), one of the chief architects of Sinn Fein's shift to a policy of seeking a peaceful settlement to sectarian violence in Northern Ireland, and a member of the British Parliament (from West Belfast) and the Northern Ireland ... [8 Related Articles]
- Adams, Hannah
- American compiler of historical information in the study of religion.
- Adams, Henry
- (from the article "Adams family") Established in America by Henry Adams, who emigrated from England to Massachusetts Bay Colony about 1636, the family made no special mark until the time of John Adams (1735-1826). Perhaps the most profound political philosopher of the Revolutionary and early national periods of U.S. history, Adams also served as the ...
- Adams, Henry
- historian, man of letters, and author of one of the outstanding autobiographies of Western literature, The Education of Henry Adams. [4 Related Articles]
- Adams, Herbert Baxter
- historian and educator, one of the first to use the seminar method in U.S. higher education and one of the founders of the American Historical Association.
- Adams, James Luther
- (from the article "Unitarianism and Universalism") ...AUA, and while in office he prepared the denomination for future growth. In the 1930s a critical movement emerged, largely in response to a general crisis of faith in liberal thought; its leader was James Luther Adams, whose writings contributed significantly to Unitarian theology and social thought. Of particular importance ...
- Adams, John
- American composer and conductor whose works were among the most performed of contemporary classical music. [3 Related Articles]
- Adams, John
- early advocate of American independence from Great Britain, major figure in the Continental Congress (1774-77), author of the Massachusetts constitution (1780), signer of the Treaty of Paris (1783), first American ambassador to the Court of St. James (1785-88), first vice president (1789-97) and second president (1797-1801) of the United States. ... [20 Related Articles]
- Adams, John Couch
- British mathematician and astronomer, one of two people who independently discovered the planet Neptune. On July 3, 1841, Adams had entered in his journal: "Formed a design in the beginning of this week of investigating, as soon as possible after taking my degree, the irregularities in the motion of Uranus ... [3 Related Articles]
- Adams, John Quincy
- eldest son of President John Adams and sixth president of the United States (1825-29). In his prepresidential years he was one of America's greatest diplomats (formulating, among other things, what came to be called the Monroe Doctrine); in his postpresidential years (as U.S. congressman, 1831-48) he conducted a consistent and ... [15 Related Articles]
- Adams, Justin
- (from the article "Performing Arts") Another British rock performer involved in the African music scene was Justin Adams, who worked as guitarist with Robert Plant and as producer for Tinariwen, the best-known exponents of "desert blues." On the album Soul Science, Adams set his rousing electric guitar work against the traditional ritti, the one-stringed fiddle ...
- Adams, Leonie
- American poet and educator whose verse interprets emotions and nature with an almost mystical vision.
- Adams, Louisa
- American first lady (1825-29), the wife of John Quincy Adams, sixth president of the United States. [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Marian
- American social arbiter and accomplished photographer.
- Adams, Maude
- American actress, best known for her portrayals of Sir James Barrie's heroines.
- Adams, Michael
- (from the article "Chess") ...headline coverage in the media, yet reverses suffered by leading human players against the latest enhanced supercomputers, such as the 5.5-0.5 victory by Hydra against English grandmaster Michael Adams in London on June 21-27, resulted in diminished sponsorship and sparser media coverage than a decade earlier.
- Adams, Robert
- (from the article "Art and Art Exhibitions") Robert Adams's "Turning Back: A Photographic Journal of Re-exploration" was exhibited Sept. 29, 2005-Jan. 3, 2006, at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMoMA). Accompanied by a catalog of the same name, the show displayed Adams's newest work, which was inspired by the bicentennial of the Lewis and Clark ...
- Adams, Robert
- clinician noted for his contributions to the knowledge of heart disease and gout. In 1827 he described a condition characterized by a very slow pulse and by transient giddiness or convulsive seizures, now known as the Stokes-Adams disease or syndrome. [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Robert McCormick
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...cities of southern Mesopotamia, as far as their names are known, are Eridu, Uruk, Bad-tibira, Nippur, and Kish (35 miles south-southeast of Baghdad). The surveys of the American archaeologist Robert McCormick Adams and the German archaeologist Hans Nissen have shown how the relative size and number of the settlements gradually ...
- Adams, Roger
- chemist and teacher known for determining the chemical constitution of such natural substances as chaulmoogra oil (used in treating leprosy), the toxic cottonseed pigment gossypol, marijuana, and many alkaloids. He also worked in stereochemistry and with platinum catalysts and the synthesis of medicinal compounds. [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Samuel
- politician of the American Revolution, leader of the Massachusetts "radicals," who was a delegate to the Continental Congress (1774-81) and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was later lieutenant governor (1789-93) and governor (1794-97) of Massachusetts. [3 Related Articles]
- Adams, Samuel Hopkins
- American journalist and author of more than 50 books of fiction, biography, and expose.
- Adams, Scott
- Cartoonist Scott Adams was asked one question so many times that he came up with a stock answer. It began, "I don't work at your company." People could not be blamed for asking. The comic strip "Dilbert" continuously seemed to be reflecting the events of everyone's workplace. Its lead character, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, Walter
- American astronomer who is best known for his spectroscopic studies. Using the spectroscope, he investigated sunspots and the rotation of the Sun, the velocities and distances of thousands of stars, and planetary atmospheres. [1 Related Articles]
- Adams, William
- navigator, merchant-adventurer, and the first Englishman to visit Japan.
- Adams, William Henry Davenport
- (from the article "Crystal Palace") ...from the articles "Exhibition" and "Sydenham" in the 8th edition (1852-60) of Encyclopaedia Britannica. The former is unsigned and the latter written by William Henry Davenport Adams, author of The River Thames from Oxford to the Sea (1859), The Buried Cities of Campania (1872), and numerous other books. The following ...
- Adams, William Taylor
- American teacher and author of juvenile literature, best known for his children's magazine and the series of adventure books that he wrote under his pseudonym. [1 Related Articles]
- adamsite
- in chemical warfare, sneeze gas developed by the United States and used during World War I. Adamsite is an arsenical diphenylaminechlorarsine and an odourless crystalline organic compound employed in vaporous form as a lung irritant. It appears as a yellow smoke that irritates eyes, lungs, and mucous membranes and causes ...
- Adamson Act
- (from the article "United States") ...Court. Then in quick succession he obtained passage of a rural-credits measure to supply cheap long-term credit to farmers; anti-child-labour and federal workmen's-compensation legislation; the Adamson Act, establishing the eight-hour day for interstate railroad workers; and measures for federal aid to education and highway construction. With such a program behind ...
- Adamson v. California
- (from the article "Reed, Stanley F.") ...when necessary, Reed avoided the pull of the court's liberals who sought an expansive incorporation of the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause to the states, most notably in AdamsonCalifornia (1947), in which Reed wrote for the majority that the reach of each of the amendments of the Bill of Rights ...
- Adamson, Andrew
- (from the article "2001: Other Winners") ...The Fellowship of the Ring Original Song: "If I Didn't Have You" from Monsters, Inc.; music and lyrics by Randy NewmanAnimated Feature Film: Shrek, directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky JensonHonorary Award: Sidney Poitier, Robert Redford
- Adamson, Joy
- conservationist who pioneered the movement to preserve African wildlife.
- Adamson, Robert
- (from the article "Hill and Adamson") ...In order to get an accurate record of the features of the several hundred delegates to the founding convention, Hill decided to make photographic portraits and enlisted the collaboration of Robert Adamson, a young chemist who for a year had been experimenting with the calotype, a then-revolutionary photographic process that ...
- Adamthwaite, Anthony
- (from the article "international relations") ...in the 1930s. Financial, military, and strategic rationalizations, however, could not erase the gross misunderstanding of the nature of the enemy that underlay appeasement. The British historian Anthony Adamthwaite concluded in 1984 that despite the accumulation of sources the fact remains that the appeasers' determination to reach agreement with Hitler ...
- Adana
- (from the article "Adana") ...the establishment of the Turkmen Ramazan dynasty in 1378. The Ramazan rulers retained control of local administration even after Adana was conquered by the Ottoman sultan Selim I in 1516. In 1608 Adana was reconstituted as a province under direct Ottoman administration. Adana became a provincial capital in 1867. One ...
- Adana
- city, south-central Turkey, situated in the plain of Cilicia, on the Seyhan River (the ancient Sarus River). An agricultural and industrial centre and the nation's fourth largest city, it probably overlies a Hittite settlement that dates from approximately 1400 BC; and its history has been profoundly influenced by its location ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adana Plain
- (from the article "Turkey") ...Over most of its length, the Mediterranean coastal plain is narrow, but there are two major lowland embayments. The Antalya Plain extends inland some 20 miles (30 km) from the Gulf of Antalya; the Adana Plain, measuring roughly 90 by 60 miles (145 by 100 km), comprises the combined deltas ...
- Adangme
- people occupying the coastal area of Ghana from Kpone to Ada, on the Volta River, and inland along the Volta; they include the Ada, Kpone, Krobo, Ningo, Osuduku, Prampram, and Shai, all speaking variants of Ga-Adangme of the Kwa branch of the Niger-Congo family of languages.
- Adanson, Michel
- French botanist who devised a natural system of classification and nomenclature of plants, based on all their physical characteristics, with an emphasis on families. [1 Related Articles]
- Adansonia
- (from the article "Malvaceae") ...such as the Paleotropical Bombax (20 species) and the pantropical Ceiba (11 species) yield kapok. Ochroma is the source of balsa wood. Several genera, including the Old World Adansonia (e.g., A. digitata, the baobab), are cultivated for their flowers and the distinctive appearance of the trees. Members of these genera ...
- Adapa
- in Mesopotamian mythology, legendary sage and citizen of the Sumerian city of Eridu, the ruins of which are in southern Iraq. Endowed with vast intelligence by Ea (Sumerian: Enki), the god of wisdom, Adapa became the hero of the Sumerian version of the myth of the fall of man. The ... [2 Related Articles]
- Adapidae
- (from the article "primate") The known fossil families of the Eocene Epoch (54.8 million to 33.7 million years ago) include the Tarsiidae (tarsiers), the Adapidae (which include probable ancestors of lemurs and lorises), and the Omomyidae (which include possible ancestors of the monkeys and apes).
- Adapis
- (from the article "primate") ...into new species in a sequence of increasing complexity and perfection. However, it was Georges Cuvier, a rabid antievolutionist, who in 1821 had the historic distinction of describing Adapis, the first fossil primate genus ever recognized. Fossils such as Adapis, Cuvier believed, were the remains of animals destroyed by past ...
- adaptation
- in biology, process by which an animal or plant becomes fitted to its environment; it is the result of natural selection acting upon heritable variation. Even the simpler organisms must be adapted in a great variety of ways: in their structure, physiology, and genetics; in their locomotion or dispersal; in ... [30 Related Articles]
- adaptation
- (from the article "intelligence, human") ...stressing the ability to think abstractly and Thorndike emphasizing learning and the ability to give good responses to questions. More recently, however, psychologists have generally agreed that adaptation to the environment is the key to understanding both what intelligence is and what it does. Such adaptation may occur in a ...
- adaptive agent
- (from the article "complexity") Intelligent and adaptive agents. Not only are there a medium-sized number of agents, but these agents are "intelligent" and adaptive. This means that they make decisions on the basis of rules and that they are ready to modify the rules on the basis of new information that becomes available. Moreover, ...
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