| | - African butterfly fish
- (from the article "osteoglossomorph") Spawnings in aquaria suggest that Pantodon (Pantodontidae), the African butterfly fish, produces floating eggs and provides minimal parental care. A complicated courtship in this species has also been observed.
- African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
- (from the article "human rights") In 1981 the Eighteenth Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity (replaced by the African Union [AU] in 2002) adopted the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. Also known as the "Banjul Charter" for having been drafted in Banjul, Gambia, it entered into ...
- African civet
- (from the article "civet") ...(also known as toddy cat because of its fondness for palm juice, or "toddy") and Nandinia, civets are mainly terrestrial. The otter civet (Cynogale bennetti), African civet (Viverra, sometimes Civettictis, civetta), and the rare Congo water civet (Osbornictis piscivora) are semiaquatic. Civets feed on small animals and on vegetable...viverrids
- African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
- (from the article "Law") The year 2006 also saw the first judges sworn in to preside over the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights. The court, based in Arusha, Tanz., was created by a protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. The protocol came into force in 2004 upon its ...
- African crested porcupine
- (from the article "porcupine") ...rock crevices, or aardvark burrows, Hystrix species also excavate burrows of their own that can become extensive over years of occupation. European populations of the African crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) retreat into their dens during storms and cold spells, but they do not hibernate. ...
- African Cup of Nations
- the most prestigious football (soccer) competition in Africa. It is contested by national teams and is organized by the Confederation Africaine de Football (CAF). The competition's format has changed over time, with the number of teams increasing from 3 in 1957 to 16 in 1996. Growing participation also led to ... [2 Related Articles]
- African dance
- performing art deeply woven into the social fabric of Africa and generally involving aspects of music and theatre as well as rhythmic bodily movement. See also African music and mask.
- African Democratic Rally
- (from the article "Benin, flag of") ...following the establishment of an autonomous republic in that former French colony. Like many neighbouring countries, it chose the pan-African colours (red-yellow-green) that had been used by the African Democratic Rally-i.e., the legislators in the French National Assembly who represented French West Africa following World War II. The colours were ...
- African Development Bank
- African organization established in 1964, operational beginning in 1966, and dedicated to financing the economic and social development of its African member countries. Its membership includes 53 African states and 24 non-African countries. ADB headquarters are in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. [2 Related Articles]
- African drongo
- (from the article "drongo") One of the most common birds of southern Asia is the 33-centimetre black drongo (D. macrocercus), also called king crow because it can intimidate the true crow. The 24-centimetre African drongo (D. adsimilis; perhaps the same as D. macrocercus) is common throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
- African finfoot
- (from the article "finfoot") The African finfoot (Podica senegalensis) is the largest species, 46-53 cm (18-21 inches) long. It occurs from Senegal to the Congo basin and from Ethiopia to the Cape of Good Hope. It has bright red feet and a slate-gray neck with an ill-defined whitish stripe down the side. The masked, ...
- African fish eagle
- (from the article "eagle") ...(H. leucogaster), frequently seen on the coasts of Australia, ranges from New Guinea and Indonesia through Southeast Asia to India and China. A well-known African species is the African fish eagle (H. vocifer), found along lakes, rivers, and coastlines from south of the Sahara ...
- African forest elephant
- (from the article "elephant") The African savanna, or bush, elephant (Loxodonta africana) weighs up to 8,000 kg (9 tons) and stands 3 to 4 metres (10 to 13 feet) at the shoulder. The African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis), which lives in rainforests, was recognized as a separate species in 2000 and is smaller than ...
- African Games
- international athletics (track-and-field) competition sponsored by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) and contested by athletes representing the nations of Africa. The African Games were first held in 1965, in Brazzaville, Congo, and consisted of contests in athletic sports exclusively. Attempts to hold such African games date back to ...
- African giant squirrel
- (from the article "squirrel") ...of vertical activity in species differs widely, especially among those living in tropical rainforests. Some, such as the Oriental giant squirrels (genus Ratufa) and the African giant squirrels (genus Protoxerus), rarely descend from the high canopy. Others, like the pygmy squirrel of Sulawesi (
- African golden cat
- (from the article "golden cat") either of two cats of the family Felidae: the African golden cat (Felis aurata), or the Asian golden cat (F. temmincki), also known as Temminck's cat.
- African golden oriole
- (from the article "oriole") ...European species is the 24-centimetre (9.5-inch) golden oriole (O. oriolus), which ranges eastward to Central Asia and India. It is yellow, with black-eye marks and black wings. The African golden oriole (O. auratus) is similar. The maroon oriole (O. traillii) of the Himalayas to Indochina is one of the Asian ...
- African goliath beetle
- (from the article "flower chafer") Probably the best-known member is the African goliath beetle (Goliathus giganteus). This insect is white with bold black lines on its body and has brown wing covers (elytra). It may be more than 10 cm (4 inches) long and has black, leathery wings that are larger than those of a ...
- African gray parrot
- (from the article "parrot") The African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus) is unsurpassed as a talker; the male can precisely echo human speech. Captive birds are alert and, compared with other parrots, relatively good-tempered. Some are said to have lived 80 years. The bird is about 33 cm (13 inches) long and is light gray ...
- African Greek Orthodox Church
- a religious movement in East Africa that represents a prolonged search for a Christianity more African and, its adherents say, more authentic than the denominational mission forms transplanted from overseas. It began when an Anglican in Uganda, Reuben Spartas, heard of the independent, all-black African Orthodox Church in the United ...
- African green snake
- (from the article "green snake") The African green snakes (Chlorophis) have keeled ventral plates and are arboreal. Others of this genus are found in eastern and southern Asia.
- African ground squirrel
- (from the article "ground squirrel") ...ground squirrel (Atlantoxerus getulus) lives in rocky habitats from sea level to 4,000 metres (13,000 feet) in the Atlas Mountains of northwestern Africa, and the four species of African ground squirrels (genus Xerus) inhabit savannas and rocky deserts in northern, eastern, and southern Africa. Central Asia's sandy deserts are home ...
- African Growth and Opportunity Act
- (from the article "Swaziland") ...pointed to a rise in the number of those living below the poverty line from 65% in 2000 to 69% in 2006 and advised workers to expect low annual inflation adjustments. Although the U.S. African Growth and Opportunity Act had helped Swaziland attract huge Taiwanese investments in textile manufacturing for ...
- African harrier hawk
- (from the article "hawk") The African harrier hawk (Polyboroides typus) and the crane hawk (Geranospiza nigra) of tropical America are medium-sized gray birds resembling the harriers but having short, broad wings.
- African hedgehog
- (from the article "hedgehog") ...30 cm (5.5 to 12 inches), and there is a stumpy and sparsely furred tail measuring 1 to 6 cm. In addition to the three species of Eurasian hedgehogs (genus Erinaceus), there are four African hedgehogs (genus Atelerix), six desert hedgehogs (genus Hemiechinus), and two steppe hedgehogs (genus Mesechinus). European ...
- African honeybee
- (from the article "bee") The so-called killer bee is a hybrid between an African subspecies and European subspecies of honeybee. The Africanized honeybee subspecies was accidentally released in Brazil in 1957 during an attempt to create a hybrid that would adapt to tropical climates and produce large amounts of honey. Moving northward some 200 ...
- African horse sickness
- disease of Equidae (horses, mules, donkeys, and zebras) caused by an orbivirus called AHSV (family Reoviridae) that is transmitted by arthropods, notably biting midges (Culicoides imicola). The disease, which is not usually fatal to indigenous zebra herds, is often fatal in horses. Dogs have also been fatally ...
- African hunting dog
- (Lycaon pictus), wild African carnivore that differs from the rest of the members of the dog family (Canidae) in having only four toes on each foot. Its coat is short, sparse, and irregularly blotched with yellow, black, and white. The African hunting dog is about 76-102 cm (30-41 inches) long, ... [3 Related Articles]
- African hybridization-and-replacement model
- (from the article "human evolution") ...200 and 30 kya. At one extreme is multiregional evolution, or the regional continuity model. At the other is the African replacement, or "out of Africa," model. Intermediate are the African hybridization-and-replacement model and the assimilation model. All but the multiregional model maintain that Homo sapiens evolved solely in Africa ...
- African Independence Party for Guinea and Cape Verde
- (from the article "Guinea-Bissau") ...years of instability and economic distress in 2006. After the 2005 presidential election returned Pres. Joao Bernardo Vieira to office, 14 members of the largest party in the parliament, the African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC), switched their support in October to Vieira, who then ...
- African jacana
- (from the article "jacana") The seven or eight species of the genus Jacana include the American jacana (Jacana spinosa), of the American tropics, variably black or reddish; the African jacana (Actophilornis africanus); the Australian lotus bird (Irediparra gallinacea) of New Guinea and the eastern Australian coast; and the pheasant-tailed jacana (Hydrophasianus chirurgus), of India ...
- African Jazz Pioneers
- (from the article "South Africa") ...styles such as traditional indigenous music, jazz, Christian religious music, and forms of popular music from the United States. These combinations are evident in the music of such performers as the African Jazz Pioneers, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Miriam Makeba, Hugh Masekela, and others. During the apartheid period, black and white ...
- African Lakes Company
- (from the article "Southern Africa") These events left few resources for occupation north of the Zambezi until the late 1890s. Opposition from missionaries and the African Lakes Company ensured that the region around Lake Nyasa and the Shire River valley was separated from the BSAC sphere; it was declared the British Central African Protectorate in ...
- African languages
- (from the article "percussion instrument") That portion of western Africa known as the Bend is the area of talking drums, by means of which messages are conveyed for up to 20 miles (32 km), to be relayed by another drummer. Languages of this area are characterized by pronounced high and low pitch tones (tone languages), ...
- African linsang
- (from the article "linsang") any of three species of long-tailed, catlike mammals belonging to the civet family (Viverridae). The African linsang (Poiana richardsoni), the banded linsang (Prionodon linsang), and the spotted linsang (Prionodon pardicolor) vary in colour, but all resemble elongated cats. They grow to a length of 33-43 cm (13-17 inches), excluding a ...
- African literature
- the traditional oral and written literatures together with the mainly 20th-century literature written mostly in European languages but also to an increasing extent in the many languages of the sub-Saharan region. Traditional written literature is limited to a smaller geographic area than is oral literature; indeed, it is most characteristic ... [18 Related Articles]
- African little sparrowhawk
- (from the article "sparrowhawk") The African little sparrowhawk (A. minullus), slate gray above with white tail bars, barred white below, inhabits woods of East and South Africa. The Eurasian sparrowhawk (A. nisus), dark gray above and brown barred white below, is a common inhabitant of wooded areas throughout Europe, in coastal northwestern Africa, and ...
- African lungfish
- (from the article "lungfish") ...species grow to substantial size. The Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, attains weights of up to 10 kilograms (about 22 pounds) and a length of 1.25 metres (about 50 inches). Of the African lungfishes, the yellow marbled Ethiopian species, Protopterus aethiopicus, is the largest, growing to a length of two metres ...
- African marigold
- (from the article "marigold") African marigold (T. erecta), French marigold (T. patula), and several other species are grown as garden ornamentals, although most species have strong-scented leaves. Members of the genus Tagetes have attractive yellow, orange, or red flowers that are solitary or clustered; leaves opposite each other on the stem that usually are ...
- African Methodist Episcopal Church
- black Methodist church in the United States, formally organized in 1816. It developed from a congregation formed by a group of blacks who withdrew in 1787 from St. George's Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia because of restrictions in seating; blacks had been confined to the gallery of the church. Those ... [3 Related Articles]
- African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
- black Methodist church in the United States, organized in 1821; it adopted its present name in 1848. It developed from a congregation formed by a group of blacks who in 1796 left the John Street Methodist Church in New York City because of discrimination. They built their first church (Zion) ... [1 Related Articles]
- African mole rat
- (from the article "blind mole rat") ...species in the genus Spalax). Together these genera constitute the subfamily Spalacinae of the mouse family (Muridae) within the order Rodentia. The African mole rats (genus Tachyorytes) and Central Asian mole rats are also members of the family Muridae but are not closely related, as they belong to different subfamilies. ...
- African mouthbreeder
- (from the article "perciform") Breeding and cultivation of perciforms has been successful in many parts of the world. The African mouthbreeder (Tilapia macrocephala, Cichlidae) has been successfully introduced in many areas and is valued for its rapid rate of reproduction and growth, providing a source of low-cost protein.
- African music
- the musical sounds and practices of all indigenous peoples of Africa, including the Berber in the Sahara and the San (Bushmen) and Khoikhoin (Hottentot) in Southern Africa. The music of European settler communities and that of Arab North Africa are not included in the present discussion. For the music of ... [6 Related Articles]
- African National Congress
- South African political party and black nationalist organization. Founded in 1912 as the South African Native National Congress, it had as its main goal the maintenance of voting rights for Coloureds (persons of mixed race) and black Africans in Cape Province. It was renamed the African National Congress in 1923. ... [29 Related Articles]
- African Nations Cup
- (from the article "Football") On Feb. 14, 2004, the final of the African Nations Cup was held in Rades, Tun., and was won by the host country, which defeated neighbours Morocco 2-1 in front of a crowd of 60,000 in the November 7 Stadium. The top player of the tournament was adjudged to have ...
- African oil palm
- (from the article "Concentrates used as animal feeds (nutrient values on "as-fed" basis)") African tree cultivated as a source of oil in West and Central Africa, where it originated, and in Malaysia and Indonesia, and as an ornamental tree in many subtropical areas; or, the American oil palm, Elaeis oleifera, originating in Central and South America and sometimes cultivated under the erroneous name ...
- African Orthodox Autonomous Church South of the Sahara
- (from the article "African Greek Orthodox Church") ...missionary paternalism, inadequate material assistance, and young Greek-trained priests who were not particularly African-oriented led Spartas and his followers into secession. The new group, the African Orthodox Autonomous Church South of the Sahara (with some 7,000 members in Uganda), made unsuccessful approaches to other Greek patriarchates. These East African churches ...
- African Orthodox Church
- (from the article "African Greek Orthodox Church") ...and, its adherents say, more authentic than the denominational mission forms transplanted from overseas. It began when an Anglican in Uganda, Reuben Spartas, heard of the independent, all-black African Orthodox Church in the United States and founded his own African Orthodox Church in 1929. In 1932 he secured ordination by ...
- African palm squirrel
- (from the article "squirrel") ...rubriventer) and the northern Amazon red squirrel (Sciurus igniventris), nest at middle levels but travel and forage low in the understory or on the ground. The African palm squirrels (genus Epixerus) are long-legged runners that forage only on the ground. Certain species, such as ...
- African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde
- (from the article "Cape Verde") In the parliamentary elections held in January 2006, the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), led by Prime Minister Jose Maria Neves, won a second five-year term. The main opposition party, the Movement for Democracy (MpD), alleged fraud. Though the Supreme Tribunal of Justice threw out the ...
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