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Albanian literature ... Albert I
Albanian literature
the body of written works produced in the Albanian language. The Ottoman Empire, which ruled Albania from the 15th to the early 20th century, prohibited publications in Albanian, an edict that became a serious obstacle to the development of literature in that language. Books in Albanian were rare until the ... [1 Related Articles]
Albanian Republican Party
(from the article "Albania") ...the 1997 economic collapse and fell into opposition. Other political parties of note in the early 21st century were the Social Democratic Party of Albania, the Union for Human Rights Party, and the Albanian Republican Party. There are also several agrarian, ecological, and socialist parties.
Albanian Socialist Party
(from the article "Albania") Early in 2007 the political scene in Albania was dominated by a dispute between the government and the opposition, led by the Socialist Party of Albania (SPA), over rules and procedures to be followed in local elections. After both sides agreed on a compromise designed to prevent double voting, the ...
Albano, Lake
crater lake in the Alban Hills (Colli Albani), southeast of Rome. Elliptical in shape, formed by the fusion of two ancient volcanic craters, it lies 961 feet (293 m) above sea level and has an area of 2 square miles (5 square km) and a maximum depth of 558 feet ...
Albanoi
(from the article "Albania") ...one. As a consequence, from the 8th to the 11th century, the name Illyria gradually gave way to the name, first mentioned in the 2nd century CE by the geographer Ptolemy of Alexandria, of the Albanoi tribe, which inhabited what is now central Albania. From a single tribe the name ...
Albany
southernmost town and seaport of Western Australia. It lies on the northern shore of Princess Royal Harbour, King George Sound. The naturally broad, deep, sheltered harbour was visited and charted by George Vancouver in 1791. In 1826 the first European settlement in the state, a penal colony called Frederickstown (after ... [1 Related Articles]
Albany
city, seat (1853) of Dougherty county, southwestern Georgia, U.S. It lies along the Flint River at the head of navigation, about 90 miles (145 km) southeast of Columbus. Founded in 1836 by Colonel Nelson Tift, it was named for Albany, New York, and was early established as a leading cotton ...
Albany
city, seat (1851) of Linn county, western Oregon, U.S., in the Willamette Valley, at the juncture of the Willamette and Calapooia rivers, 26 miles (42 km) south of Salem. Established in 1848 by Walter and Thomas Monteith and named for the New York state capital, it became a shipping point ...
Albany
city, capital (1797) of the state of New York, U.S., and seat (1683) of Albany county. It lies along the Hudson River, 143 miles (230 km) north of New York City. The heart of a metropolitan area that includes Troy and Schenectady, it is a port city, the northern terminus ... [1 Related Articles]
Albany
county, east-central New York state, U.S., bordered by the Mohawk River to the northeast and the Hudson River to the east. The terrain rises from the Hudson valley lowlands in the east to the Helderberg Mountains in the centre of the county; Alcove Reservoir is in the south. Parklands include ...
Albany Congress
conference in U.S. colonial history (June 19-July 11, 1754) at Albany, N.Y., which advocated a union of the British colonies in North America for their security and defense against the French, foreshadowing their later unification. The conference was convened by the British Board of Trade to help cement the loyalty ... [1 Related Articles]
Albany River
river, north central Ontario, Canada, rising in Lake St. Joseph at an elevation of 1,218 ft (371 m) and flowing generally eastward into James Bay. For 250 mi (400 km) of its 610-mi course, the river is navigable, and it served as an important route during the fur-trading days, when ...
Albany, Alexander Stewart, duke of
second son of James II of Scotland, created duke of Albany in or before 1458. Both he and John, earl of Mar, quarrelled with their brother James III, who imprisoned them in 1479. Mar died, but Albany escaped to carry on a series of intrigues with the English, who supported ...
Albany, John Stewart, 2nd duke of
regent of Scotland during the reign of James V and advocate of close ties between France and Scotland. His father, Alexander Stewart (c. 1454-85), the 1st duke of Albany of the second creation, died when he was scarcely more than an infant, and he was raised in France by his ... [1 Related Articles]
Albany, Louise Maximilienne Caroline, Countess of
wife of the Young Pretender, Prince Charles Edward, unsuccessful Stuart claimant to the English throne. Later she became the mistress of the Italian poet and dramatist Vittorio Alfieri.
Albany, Robert Stewart, 1st duke of
regent of Scotland who virtually ruled Scotland from 1388 to 1420, throughout the reign of his weak brother Robert III and during part of the reign of James I, who had been imprisoned in London.
Albarado, Lawrence
(from the article "Citizen Journalism: A News [R]evolution") The phenomenon called "citizen journalism" expanded its worldwide influence in 2008 in spite of continuing concerns over whether "citizen" journalists were "real" journalists. Citizens in disaster zones provided instant text and visual reporting from the scene. People in countries affected by violence used a variety of technological tools to share ...
albarello
pottery jar for apothecaries' ointments and dry drugs made in the Near East and in Spain and produced in Italy from the 15th through the 18th century in the form known as majolica (q.v.), or tin-glazed earthenware. Since the jar had to be easy to hold, use, and shelve, its ... [1 Related Articles]
Albarn, Damon
(from the article "Performing Arts") ...Diabate, and Tinariwen; Senegal's Baaba Maal; and the Algerian rocker Rachid Taha, who appeared alongside K'Naan. Participating Western musicians included the Magic Numbers, DJ Fatboy Slim, and Damon Albarn (of Blur and Gorillaz), one of the organizers.The "world music opera" Monkey: Journey to the West, ...
Albarno, Montreal d'
(from the article "condottiere") ...terrorized the country, devastating Romagna, Umbria, and Tuscany. It was one of the first to have a formal organization and a strict code of discipline, developed by the Provencal adventurer Montreal d'Albarno. The Englishman Sir John Hawkwood, one of the most famous of the non-Italian condottieri, came to Italy in ...
Albatros
(from the article "tactical weapons system") ...crew to operate the tank, its radar-controlled firing system, and twin 35-millimetre guns that fire at the rate of 1,100 rounds per minute. Shipboard systems are essentially similar. The Italian Albatros system utilizes the existing fire-control system for a warship's guns to control an added system employing the Aspide homing ...
albatross
any of more than a dozen species of large seabirds that collectively make up the family Diomedeidae (order Procellariiformes). Because of their tameness on land, many albatrosses are known by the common names mollymawk (from the Dutch for "foolish gull") and gooney. Albatrosses are among the most spectacular gliders of ... [6 Related Articles]
Albatross Plateau
(from the article "oceanic plateau") ...were named early in the 20th century prior to the invention of sonic sounding, and many of these features have been shown by modern bathymetric data to be portions of the oceanic ridges. Thus, the Albatross Plateau of the eastern equatorial Pacific now is recognized as belonging to the East ...
Albatrossaster richardi
(from the article "sea star") ...marginal plates and therefore tend to be rigid. Members of the order have suction-tube feet; the anus may be lacking. Most of the deep-sea sea stars belong to this order, and many are burrowers. Albatrossaster richardi has been taken at a depth of 6,035 m (19,800 feet) near the Cape ...
Albazino
(from the article "Kangxi") ...the Kangxi emperor next turned to face his enemies in the north. The Russians in Siberia, who had reached the Amur River valley in the mid-17th century, had been expelled from their fortresses of Albazin and Nerchinsk by the Qing army before Kangxi's reign. But the Russians restored the two ...
albedo
fraction of light that is reflected by a body or surface. It is commonly used in astronomy to describe the reflective properties of planets, satellites, and asteroids. [16 Related Articles]
Albee, Edward
American dramatist and theatrical producer best-known for his play Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962), which displays slashing insight and witty dialogue in its gruesome portrayal of married life. [3 Related Articles]
Albee, Edward Franklin
theatrical manager who, as the general manager of the Keith-Albee theatre circuit, was the most influential person in vaudeville in the United States. A circus ticket seller when he joined Benjamin Franklin Keith in 1885 to establish the Boston Bijou Theatre, he was responsible for the expansion of the Keith-Albee ...
Albeluvisol
one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Albeluvisols are characterized by a subsurface layer of brownish clay into which "tongues" of bleached material project from an overlying layer extensively leached of clay and iron oxides. They form in cold climates ...
Albemarle Sound
shallow coastal inlet of northeastern North Carolina, U.S. Protected from the Atlantic Ocean by the Outer Banks, it extends (east-west) for about 50 miles (80 km) and varies in width from 5 to 14 miles (8 to 23 km); nowhere is it deeper than 25 feet (8 metres). It receives ...
Albeniz, Isaac
composer and virtuoso pianist, a leader of the Spanish nationalist school of musicians. [1 Related Articles]
Alberdi, Juan Bautista
Argentine political thinker whose writings influenced the assembly that drew up the constitution of 1853.
Alberg, Kim Michael
(from the article "Literature") Danish novelists also explored different settings and time frames in their works. Kim Michael Alberg delved into Thailand's drug trade and crime and punishment in his suspense story Smilenes land. Bjarne Reuter's Lognhalsen fra Umbrien traced the steps of a 14th-century Florentine charmer, Giuseppe Emanuele Pagamino, and his search for ...
Albergati, Niccolo
(from the article "Nicholas V") ...Florentine families, and this contact with the early Renaissance coloured all his life. After returning to the university and completing his studies, at the age of 22 he entered the household of Niccolo Albergati, the cardinal-archbishop of Bologna, whom he served devotedly for 20 years, accompanying him on his many ...
Alberger process
(from the article "salt") The Alberger process is partially a vacuum-pan and partially a grainer operation in which cubic crystals are formed in the solution fed to the grainer pans by a partial vacuum-pan evaporation. These seed crystals in the grainer produce a salt that is a mixture of the grainer-type flake and the ...
Alberic de Trois-Fontaines
(from the article "Prester John") A 13th-century chronicler, Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, recorded that in 1165, a letter was sent by Prester John to several European rulers, especially Manuel I Comnenus, the Byzantine emperor, and Frederick I Barbarossa, the Holy Roman emperor. A literary fiction, the letter was in Latin and was translated into various languages, ...
Alberic I
(from the article "Italy") ...semiautonomous under their marquesses; so was the Rome of John X (pope 1914-18) and of the powerful senator Marozia and her son, the princeps (prince) Alberic, who were able and effective rulers between 924 and 954. Hugh of Arles (king 926-947) found the situation irreversible. He could ...
Alberic II
(from the article "Odo of Cluny, Saint") Most of these monasteries were located in southern France or Italy, where Odo had particularly close personal ties with local magnates. He played the role of peacemaker between Alberic II, prince of Rome (932-954), and King Hugh of Italy (926-945) during their struggle for preeminence, and Alberic turned to him ...
Alberigo da Romano
(from the article "Italy") ...Frederick seemed more a pawn of the emerging forces in northern Italy than a restorer of the ideal of empire. The new forces were represented above all by two tyrants, Ezzelino and his brother, Alberigo, from the ancient da Romano family, who were working to expand their lordship from their ...
Alberoni, Giulio
statesman who as de facto premier of Spain (1716-19) played a major role in the revival of that nation after the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14). [4 Related Articles]
Albers, Anni
(from the article "tapestry") ...theory that the technology of the craft should be revealed in the work and in expressing the nature of the materials used, especially by the exploitation of heavy fibres as strong textural elements. Anni Albers, wife of the painter and Bauhaus instructor Josef Albers, became the chief practitioner of this ...
Albers, Josef
painter, poet, sculptor, teacher, and theoretician of art, important as an innovator of such styles as Colour Field painting and Op art. [2 Related Articles]
Albert
antipope in 1101. He was cardinal bishop of Silva Candida when elected early in 1101 as successor to the antipope Theodoric of Santa Ruffina, who had been set up against the legitimate pope, Paschal II, by an imperial faction supporting the Holy Roman emperor Henry IV in his struggle with ...
Albert
prince of Monaco (1889-1922), seaman, amateur oceanographer, and patron of the sciences, whose contributions to the development of oceanography included innovations in oceanographic equipment and technique and the founding and endowment of institutions to further basic research. [1 Related Articles]
Albert
king of Saxony from Oct. 29, 1873, Catholic king of a Protestant country who was nonetheless popular with his subjects. He also was a capable soldier who fought well in the Seven Weeks' War of 1866 and in the Franco-German War of 1870-71. [1 Related Articles]
Albert
last grand master of the Teutonic Knights from 1510 to 1525, first duke of Prussia (from 1525), a Protestant German ruler known chiefly for ending the Teutonic Knights' government of East Prussia and founding a hereditary dukedom in its place. [3 Related Articles]
Albert
margrave of Brandenburg, cardinal, and elector of Mainz, a liberal patron of the arts known chiefly as the object of the reformer Martin Luther's attacks concerning the sale of indulgences. [4 Related Articles]
Albert Canal
waterway connecting the cities of Antwerp and Liege in Belgium. The Albert Canal is about 130 km (80 miles) long. As completed in 1939, it had a minimum bottom width of 24 metres (80 feet) and could be navigated by 2,000-ton vessels having a maximum draft of 2.7 metres (9 ... [2 Related Articles]
Albert I
king of the Belgians (1909-34), who led the Belgian army during World War I and guided his country's postwar recovery. [1 Related Articles]
Albert I
the first margrave of Brandenburg and founder of the Ascanian dynasties. He was one of the main leaders of 12th-century German expansion into eastern Europe. [6 Related Articles]
Albert I
duke of Austria and German king from 1298 to 1308 who repressed private war, befriended the serfs, and protected the persecuted Jews. [6 Related Articles]