|
Curriculum vitae (until 1999)
|
|
Name: |
Vaira VIKE-FREIBERGA |
|
Nationality: |
Latvian |
|
Birth date : |
December 1st, 1937 |
|
Birthplace: |
Riga, Latvia |
|
Family status: |
Married to Imants F. Freibergs (1960), two children:
Kārlis, born in 1963, Indra, born in 1967 |
|
Current position: |
President of the Republic of Latvia
elected on 17 June 1999 for 4 years, re-elected in 2003 |
|
|
|
UNIVERSITY STUDIES
|
|
1965 |
Doctorate (Ph.D.) in Experimental Psychology, McGill University , Montreal, Canada |
|
1960 |
Master of Psychology ( M.A.), University of Toronto |
|
1958 |
Bachelor of Arts( B.A.), Victoria College, University of Toronto
|
|
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
|
|
1954-1955 |
Evening and correspondence courses, Grade 13, Ontario Ministry of Education, Toronto |
|
1950-1954 |
College for girls Mers-Sultan, Casablanca, Morocco |
|
1949-1950 |
French primary school, Daourat hydroelectric dam village, Morocco |
|
1945-1949 |
Latvian primary school, refugee camps, Herrenwiek and Lübeck, Germany
|
|
LANGUAGES
|
|
Spoken and written |
English, French, Latvian, Spanish, German |
|
Passive and partial knowledge |
Portuguese, Italian
|
|
EMPLOYMENT RECORD
|
|
1998-1999 |
Director, The Latvian Institute, Riga, Latvia |
|
Elected in 1998 |
Professor emerita, Université de Montréal |
|
1979-1998 |
Full professor, Université de Montréal |
|
1984-1989 |
Vice-chairman, Science Council of Canada (part-time) |
|
1972-1979 |
Associate professor, Université de Montréal |
|
1965-1972 |
Assistant professor, Université de Montréal |
|
1964-1965 |
Sessional lecturer, McGill University, Montreal |
|
1964-1965 |
Sessional lecturer, Sir George Williams University, Montreal |
|
1960-1961 |
Clinical psychologist, Toronto Psychiatric Hospital (full time) |
|
1959-1960 |
Spanish teacher, grades 12 and 13, Ontario Ladies' College, Whitby, Ontario |
|
1958 |
Spanish translator, Confederation Life Insurance, Toronto |
|
1957-1960 |
Supervisor, Boarding school, Branksome Hall School for Girls, Toronto (part time) |
|
1954-1955 |
Canadian Bank of Commerce, teller (full time)
|
|
AWARDS AND HONOURS
|
|
• Grand Medal of the Academy of Sciences of Latvia for distinguished work on the Latvian dainas, 1997 |
|
• Pierre Chauveau Medal for distinguished work in the humanities, Royal Society of Canada, 1995 |
|
• Officer of the Order of the Three Stars, Republic of Latvia, 1995. |
|
• Killam Research Fellowship (Canada Council), 1993-1995 |
|
• Marcel-Vincent prize for distinguished achievement in the Social sciences, ACFAS (Association canadienne-française pour l’avancement des sciences), 1992 |
|
• Dr. habil. philol., Academy of Sciences of Latvia, 1992 |
|
• Doctor of Laws, honoris causa (LL.D.), Queen's University, Kingston, Canada, 1991 |
|
• Fellow, Royal Society of Canada, Académie I, elected in 1990 |
|
• Foreign Member, Academy of Sciences of Latvia, elected in 1990 |
|
• Prize in the Social Sciences of the World Association of Free Latvians (PBLA, Washington, D.C.) for distinguished work on the Latvian dainas, 1989 |
|
• Honorary Member, World Association of Latvian Scientists, Riga, Latvia (since its foundation in 1988) |
|
• Member of Baltiska Institutet, University of Stockholm, Sweden (since 1980) |
|
• Fellow, Canadian Psychological Association, 1979 |
|
• Prof. Anna Abele memorial prize for distinguished work in Latvian philology (USA), jointly with Imants Freibergs, l979 |
|
• Leave Fellowship, Canada Council, 1974
|
|
|
ADMINISTRATIVE EXPERIENCE (until 1999)
|
|
|
Royal Society of Canada (RSC) |
|
1998-1999 |
President, Académie des lettres et des sciences humaines |
|
1996-1998 |
Vice-president, Académie des lettres et des sciences humaines |
|
1991-1996 |
President, Symposia Committee |
|
1991-1996 |
Member of Council of RSC |
|
1992-1996 |
Member, Committee on Freedom in scholarship and science |
|
1994-1999 |
Member of Council, Académie des lettres et des sciences humaines |
|
1994-1999 |
Member, Finance Committee of RSC |
|
1994-1997 |
Member, Finance Committee of the Académie des lettres et des sciences humaines |
|
1995-1999 |
Member, Membership Selection Committee, Académie des lettres et des sciences humaines |
|
1996-1998 |
RSC representative for the Université de Montréal |
|
1995-1996 |
Member, Joint committee of the Royal Society of Canada and the Canadian Academy of Engineering. Panel on Nuclear Waste Management by Atomic Energy Canada |
|
1990-1991 |
Member, Joint committee of the Royal Society of Canada and the Canadian Academy of Engineering for preparing a report to the Federal Environmental Assessment Panel scoping meetings for the review of nuclear waste management and disposal concept. |
|
|
|
|
The Canada Council |
|
1995-1998 |
Member of the Selection Committee for the Killam Research Fellowships, the Killam Prizes and the John Dieffenbaker Prizes |
|
1997-1998 |
President of the Selection sub-Committee for the Killam Research Fellowships in Social Sciences |
|
|
|
|
Science Council of Canada |
|
1984-1989 |
Vice-Chairman, appointed by the Governor General of Canada |
|
1980-1989 |
Member of Council |
|
1982-1989 |
Member, Executive committee |
|
1984-1989 |
Member, Management committee |
|
1984-1989 |
Chair, Planning and priorities committee |
|
1983-1985 |
Chair, Committee on the impact of technology on the environment |
|
1986-1989 |
Chair, Ad hoc committee on the disposition of the bequest of Mme de Hueck |
|
1984-1985 |
Chair, Ad hoc committee on the Social sciences |
|
1982-1984 |
Member, Committee on the impact of science on society |
|
1984-1989 |
Ex-officio member of all study committees of the Science Council |
|
|
|
Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies (AABS) |
|
1984-1986 |
President |
|
1982-1988 |
Member, Board of Directors |
|
1984-1986 |
President, Committee on International relations |
|
1985-1986 |
President, Founding committee for establishing the A. Vītols prize for the best publication in Baltic Studies |
|
1986-1988 |
President, Nominations committee |
|
1986 |
Founding Member, Baltic Studies Fund |
|
|
|
NATO Scientific Program, Special Panel on Human Factors (Brussels) |
|
1979-1980 |
Chairperson |
|
1978-1981 |
Canadian Member |
|
|
|
Canadian Psychological Association |
|
1980-1981 |
President |
|
1976-1982 |
Member, Board of Directors |
|
1979-1982 |
Member, Executive committee |
|
1981-1982 |
President, Nominations Committee |
|
1980-1981 |
President, Committee on International relations |
|
1980-1981 |
President, Committee on Fellows and Honorary Presidents |
|
1979-1980 |
President, Membership committee |
|
1979-1981 |
Resource person in charge of improving the level of bilingualism in the Association |
|
1976-1981 |
Member, various committees, including: |
|
- Selection committee for the first full time executive director of the Association |
|
- Committee on the future on the journal "Canadian Psychologist" |
|
1987-1991 |
Member, Scientific affairs committee |
|
|
|
Social Science Federation of Canada |
|
1980-1981 |
President |
|
1977-1982 |
Representative of the Canadian Psychological Association |
|
1977-1982 |
Member, Board of Directors |
|
1977-1982 |
Member, Executive committee |
|
1978-1979 |
Treasurer |
|
1978-1979 |
Chair, Finance committee |
|
1981-1982 |
Chair, Nominations committee |
|
1977-1980 |
Member, Nominations committee |
|
1977-1982 |
Member, Finance committee |
|
1977-1982 |
Member, Sub-committee on publications |
|
1977-1982 |
Member, various other committees |
|
|
|
Canadian Federation for the Humanities |
|
1980-1982 |
Member, Executive committee |
|
1980-1982 |
Member, Board of Directors |
|
1980-1982 |
Member, Finance committee |
|
1980-1982 |
Member, Sub-committee on publications |
|
|
|
Ministry of Health and Welfare Canada |
|
1983-1986 |
Member, Consultative committee on Mental Health Research |
|
|
|
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada |
|
1975-1978 |
Member, Selection committee for Post-doctoral fellowships |
|
|
Committees, Université de Montréal |
|
1991-1994 |
• Member, Committee for the distribution of Internal Research Funds (CAFIR) |
|
1993 |
• Member, Selection Committee of Ph. D. theses to be submitted for the prize ‘‘Académie des grands Montréalais’’ |
|
1990-1991 |
• Member, Committee for the distribution of Internal Travel Funds |
|
• University Research committee: |
|
1985-1988 |
- Member |
|
1986-1988 |
- Member, Executive committee of the Research committee |
|
1987-1988 |
- Chair, Sub-committee on the establishment, evaluation, and dismantling of Research Centres at the University of Montreal |
|
1986-1987 |
- Member, Ad hoc Committee for the evaluation of four Research Centres at the University of Montreal |
|
• Department of Psychology committees |
|
1987 |
Member, Selection committee for the director of the Department of Psychology |
|
1965-1998 |
Member or chair, various departmental committees: |
|
- Committee for the revision of undergraduate programs, |
|
- Coordination committee of the laboratories, |
|
- Committee for the standardisation of undergraduate evaluations, |
|
- Committee for the standardisation of graduate level research project evaluations |
|
- Committee of scholarships, |
|
- Committee of doctorate level bursaries, |
|
- Committee for the study of promotion criteria, |
|
- Committee of admissions to graduate studies, |
|
- Committee of pedagogical methods, etc. |
|
|
|
Advisory appointments |
|
1993-1994 |
Special advisor on cultural affairs to the Prime Minister of the Republic of Latvia, Mr. V. Birkavs |
|
1993 |
Policy advisor to the Latvian Cultural Foundation, Riga, Latvia |
|
1992 |
Member of the Chancellor’s Council of Victoria University , Toronto |
|
1991 |
Member of Council of the Centre for Folklore and Popular Ethnography, Riga, Latvia |
|
1989 |
Invited Consultant by the Commission of constitutional reform of the Brazilian Parliament |
SYMPOSIA AND CONFERENCE ORGANISATION
President, organising committee:
• National Conference on Research in the Social Sciences in Canada, October 3-5 ,1984
• National Conference on Toxicology in Canada, Ottawa, March 27, 1985
• National Conference on Epidemiology in Canada, Ottawa, October 30, 1985
• International Symposium in honour of the 150th anniversary of the birth of K. Barons, Université de Montréal, June 13, 1984.
Member, organising committee:
• National Consultation on Science and technology, Ministry for Science and technology Canada; also workshop chairperson. Winnipeg, Man. June 8-10, 1986.
• National Conference: "Biotechnological advances in diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders". Health and Welfare Canada. Toronto, February 5-7, 1985.
• National Conference on Research in Mental Health Canada. Health and Welfare Canada.
Ottawa, November 12-14, 1985.
• 9th International Conference on Baltic Studies (AABS), Université de Montréal, March 14-17, 1984.
• International Conference on Evaluation of Risk in Canada. Jointly sponsored by the Science Council of Canada and The Royal Society of Canada. Toronto, October 17-19, 1982.
Consultant:
• Member of Scientific Advisory Council, 26th International Congress of Psychology, Montréal, 1996
VISITING PROFESSORSHIPS
|
February 1998 |
• University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, Institute of Cognitive Science and Department of Psychology, with Prof. Walter Kintsch |
|
1982-1983 |
• Oxford University, England, Computing Centre and Department of Psychology |
|
May 1976 |
• University of Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Slavic and Baltic studies, with Prof. Velta Rūķe-Draviņa |
|
1974-1975 |
• University Montpellier II, France, Department of Informatics and Department of Psychology |
|
Feb.-March 1975 |
• University René-Descartes, Paris, Department of Psychology, with prof. Paul Fraisse |
|
Summer 1972 |
• Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Department of Psychology; work on protocol analysis and process models with Dr. Herbert Simon
|
FIELDS OF ACADEMIC INTEREST
|
Cognitive processes |
Epistemology and history of science |
|
Discourse analysis |
Science policy |
|
Poetics |
Science, technology, and society |
|
Psycholinguistics |
Science education |
|
Psychopharmacology |
Folk beliefs and superstitions |
|
Culture, values, and ethnicity |
Feminine condition
|
TEACHING
Psychopharmacology (undergraduate level)
Psycholinguistics (undergraduate level)
Scientific epistemology and the evaluation of theories (graduate level)
Applied psychopharmacology (graduate level)
Language and cognitive processes (graduate level)
Courses taught in the past:
Learning theories
Verbal behaviour and memory
History of psychology
Experimental method and design of experiments (2nd and 3rd year laboratories)
RESEARCH
See ‘Research activities (until 1999)’
THESES DIRECTED
|
Name |
Diploma |
Title |
Year |
|
Marc Lemay |
Ph.D. |
Cognitive and quality-of-life effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in seniors who are cognitively impaired but not demented |
1999 |
|
Rachel Marquis |
Ph.D. |
Évaluation et comparaison de différents traitements psychologiques dans la douleur de l’endométriose. |
1999 |
|
Isolde Millet |
M.Sc. |
Métaphore et similarité |
1998 |
|
Sylvie Noèl |
Ph.D. |
Organisation catégorielle des concepts chez l'expert et le novice. |
1996 |
|
Christian Joyal |
M.Sc. |
Lien entre niveaux d'activation et taux sanguins de folates chez le rat |
1992 |
|
M.-H. Chartrand |
Ph.D. |
Erreurs d'identification visuelle des objets en fonction de l'hémisphère cérébral lésé
[Abandon pour cause de maladie] |
|
|
Ann Gamsa |
Ph.D. |
The role of psychological factors in the genesis and perpetuation of chronic pain. |
1988 |
|
Hélène Poissant |
Ph.D. |
Les processus inférentiels impliqués dans la compréhension de courtes histoires. |
1987 |
|
Françoise Sirois |
M.Sc. |
L'interprétation des métaphores: stratégies utilisées et différences individuelles. |
1987 |
|
Sylvie Noèl |
M.Sc. |
Rappel d'histoires courtes et stéréotypes de rôles sexuels |
1986 |
|
Christian Bégin |
M.Sc. |
Évaluation des intervalles de l'échelle de fréquence d'usage des mots. |
1985 |
|
Alain Breuleux |
M.Sc. |
Analyse contextuelle de l'incompatibilité sémantique dans la métaphore poétique. |
1983 |
|
Gérard Ouimet |
M.Sc. |
Stratégies de recouvrement mnémonique pour le transfert positif entre apprentissage sérié et apprentissage par paires associées. |
1982 |
|
Robert Lalonde |
Ph.D. |
Altérations sérotonergiques pharmacologiques et apprentissage spatial chez le rat. |
1982 |
|
Hélène Poissant |
M.Sc. |
Structure narrative d'un conte et d'un mythe et degré de rappel chez des Indiens Montagnais. |
1981 |
|
Lorraine Pépin |
M.Sc. |
Similarités et différences entre métaphores et affirmations littérales. |
1981 |
|
Marie Vanier |
M.Sc. |
Atteintes de la capacité d'apprentissage par les agents anesthésiques. |
1980 |
|
Emile Bédard |
Ph.D. |
Intervalles temporels entre les mots d'une liste et structuration du rappel en fonction de reproductions successives. |
1980 |
|
Robert Lalonde |
M.Sc. |
Effets de la chlorpromazine et du lithium sur l'apprentissage d'une discrimination chez le rat. |
1979 |
|
André Rousseau |
M.Ps. |
Comportement verbal dans la dépression psychotique. |
1978 |
|
Louis Laurencelle |
Ph.D. |
Codages visuel et acoustique en mémoire à court terme. |
1976 |
|
John Telner |
M.Sc. |
Effects of low and moderate doses of chlorpromazine on discrimination learning under positive reinforcement in the rat. |
1973 |
|
Richard Parent |
M.Sc. |
Performance en traduction des bilingues mixtes et parallèles. |
1972 |
|
Claude Leclerc |
M.A. |
Influence de deux sortes d'indices subliminaux sur la formation d'un concept. |
1969 |
|
Louis Laurencelle |
M.A. |
Structuration avec essais répétés en apprentissage libre. |
1968 |
|
Michel Huard |
M.A. |
Associations séquentielles et associations avec la position ordinale en apprentissage sérié avec présentation auditive et visuelle. |
1968 |
|
Réjane Bricault |
L.Phil. |
Croissance et somatognosie chez les adolescentes. |
1967 |
|
Sydney Sanders |
Ph.D. |
Selected auditory perception of parental voices by the disturbed child. |
1967 |
RESEARCH GRANTS
(Principal researcher)
|
• Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada |
|
|
1996-1999 |
Word, thought and image in the structure and function of oral poetry (Grant No. 410-96-0667) |
|
|
1993-1996 |
The logic of poetry: Imagery and propositional logic in oral poetry (Grant No. 410-93-0909) |
|
|
1990-1993 |
Structural analysis of computer-accessible texts from an oral tradition (Grant No. 410-90-1622) |
|
|
1987-1990 |
Structural analysis of computer-accessible texts from an oral tradition (Grant No. 410-87-01177) |
|
|
1981-1984 |
Structural analysis of computer-accessible texts from an oral tradition (Grant No. 410-80-0319) |
|
|
1980-1981 |
Structural analysis of computer-accessible texts from an oral tradition (Grant No. S-76-1068-82) |
|
|
1977-1979 |
Structural analysis of computer-accessible texts from an oral tradition (Grant No. S-76-1068) |
|
|
• Canada Council |
|
|
1974-1975 |
Computer classification of folkloric texts (Grant No. S73-1636) |
|
|
• Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada |
|
|
1981-1983 |
Experiments on memory storage and retrieval and lexical statistics
(Grant No. A0700) |
|
|
1977-1980 |
Research on psycholinguistics and psychopharmacology (Grant No. A0700) |
|
|
• National Research Council of Canada |
|
|
1977-1978 |
Quantitative studies of psycholinguistic structures |
|
|
1974-1977 |
Memory storage and strategies of retrieval (Grants AO219 and CO379) |
|
|
1971-1974 |
Process models and concept formation (Grants AO219 and CO379) |
|
|
1969-1971 |
Subliminal indices in concept formation |
|
|
1968-1969 |
Associative networks of bilinguals in their two languages |
|
|
1967-1968 |
Studies on associations and structuring in verbal learning |
|
|
PUBLICATION GRANTS |
|
1990 |
Latvian Foundation, Inc. (USA), ,500 for the preparation of the manuscript "Trejādās saules" [The Threefold Sun] |
|
1988 |
Latvian Foundation, Inc. (USA), 00 to McGill-Queen's University Press for the distribution of "Linguistics and Poetics of Latvian Folk Songs" |
|
1989 |
Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies, 00 to McGill-Queen’s for the distribution of the book "Linguistics and Poetics of Latvian Folk Songs" |
|
1974 |
Canada Council, $ 3000 to the Presses de l’Université de Montréal for the publication of the book "Fréquence d'usage des mots au Québec" |
EVALUATION OF RESEARCH PROJECTS FOR GRANTING COUNCILS
Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
FCAC, Quebec research grants programme
FCAR, Quebec aid to publications programme
Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec
MEMBERSHIP IN SCIENTIFIC AND SCHOLARLY ASSOCIATIONS
Canadian Psychological Association
Association de psychologie scientifique de langue française
Société québecoise pour la recherche en psychologie
Association canadienne-française pour l'avancement des sciences
Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies (USA)
International Association for University Professors of Latvian Origin (LAMZA)
Sigma Xi
EDITORIAL EXPERIENCE
• Associate Editor, Journal of Baltic Studies, 1973-1987
• Associate Editor, Jaunā Gaita (a Latvian-Language journal for literature and the arts, published in Canada), 1979-1990
EVALUATION OF MANUSCRIPTS FOR SCIENTIFIC AND SCHOLARLY JOURNALS
Canadian Journal of Psychology
Canadian Psychologist
Canadian Journal of Behavioural Sciences
Cross-Cultural Psychology
Psychological Review
Perceptual and Motor Skills
Modern Language Association
Journal of Baltic Studies
Encyclopaedia ‘‘The Peoples of Canada: An Encyclopaedia for the Country. Curtis Fahey (Ed.)
COMMUNITY SERVICE
|
March-April 1987 |
• "Les Belles soirées", Université de Montréal, evening course for adults on psychotropic drugs |
|
1984-1985 |
• Honeywell Futurist Awards (Canada), Member of the awards committee |
|
• Latvian Cultural Heritage Seminars ‘Trīsreiztrīs’
(continuing education for families), United States and Latvia |
|
1998 |
Lecturer and workshop co-leader, Mazsalaca, Latvia, July 12-19 |
|
1997 |
Lecturer and workshop co-leader, Stikli, Latvia, July 13-20 |
|
1993 |
Lecturer and workshop co-leader, Sala, Latvia, June 23-30 |
|
1992 |
Lecturer and Co-director of Folklore programme, Catskills, NY, USA ,
August 21-30 |
|
1991 |
Lecturer and Co-director of Folklore programme, Kaucminde, Latvia,
July 15-30 |
|
1989 |
Lecturer and Co-director of Folklore programme, Long Lake, Michigan, USA, August 15-30 |
|
• Latvian Cultural Heritage Seminars ‘Divreizdivi’ (for university level participants), USA, Canada, Brazil, Venezuela, Australia, Europe |
|
1979-1980 |
President, Board of directors |
|
1979-1985 |
Member, Board of directors |
|
1978-1979 |
General Director, Seminar organised in Quebec |
|
1976-1977 |
Program Director |
|
1965-1985 |
Regular lecturer on folklore, psychology, literature, and ethnic identity |
|
August 1985 |
• Latvian Summer high-school "Kursa", Shelton, Washington, USA, intensive course on Latvian folklore |
|
1967-1974 |
• Latvian Saturday school of Montreal, teacher on Latvian folklore and folk arts (primary and secondary levels) |
SUMMARY OF PUBLICATIONS
|
Quantity |
Category |
Year span |
|
I. Poetics, literature, folklore |
|
|
8 |
Books (incl. 3 books with 2nd editions) |
1988-2005 |
|
3 |
Books in preparation |
|
|
3 |
Data bases of Latvian folk song texts (one with melodies) |
1976-1989 |
|
8 |
Technical reports |
1976-1987 |
|
22 |
Book chapters |
1973-2001 |
|
1 |
Short stories |
1956 |
|
55 |
Articles in periodicals |
1971-2001 |
|
II. Cognitive and experimental psychology |
|
|
1 |
Books |
1974 |
|
1 |
Book chapters |
1994 |
|
2 |
Lecture notes |
1996-1997 |
|
2 |
Technical reports |
1968-1970 |
|
23 |
Articles |
1961-1993 |
|
III. Essays on culture, ethnic identity and society |
|
|
36 |
Articles |
1961-1998 |
|
IV. Review articles, critiques and book reviews |
|
|
19 |
Review articles |
1972-1996 |
|
Total Publications |
|
|
9 |
Books |
|
|
3 |
Data bases |
|
|
12 |
Technical reports, lecture notes |
|
|
157 |
Book chapters, articles |
|
|
Publications about Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga
|
|
|
3 |
I. Biographies of Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (in Latvian and French, with translations in English, Finnish and Russian) |
2001-2006 |
|
8 |
II. Press clippings and citations |
1996-1998 |
|
21 |
III. Reviews of books written by Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga |
1989-1996 |
SUMMARY OF COMMUNICATIONS
|
Quantity |
Category |
Year span |
|
84 |
I. Scientific and scholarly research presentations |
1960-1998 |
|
44 |
II. Addresses and allocutions on science policy, technology, professional issues, women's issues, popularization of science |
1967-1994 |
|
130 |
III. Speeches, formal addresses and workshops on Literature, Folklore, Cultural and National identity |
1968-1999 |
|
258 |
Total Communications
|
|
|
|
