Author's Keywords: Lebanon, Independence Intifada, Cedar Revolution, Nonviolent Conflict, Civilian-Based Resistance	Convention Convention is an application service for managing large or small academic conferences, annual meetings, and other types of events! Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p151501_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Stephan, Maria. and Jaafar, Rudy. "Lebanon’s Independence Intifada: Dynamics, Achievements, and Shortcomings" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott, Loews Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, PA, Aug 31, 2006 Online <PDF>. 2008-05-07 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p151501_index.html>

Stephan, M. J. and Jaafar, R. (2006, Aug) "Lebanon’s Independence Intifada: Dynamics, Achievements, and Shortcomings" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott, Loews Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, PA Online <PDF> Retrieved 2008-05-07 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p151501_index.html

Publication Type: Proceeding Abstract: On March 14th 2005 more than one million Lebanese, from different religious confessions, political affiliations, socio-economic backgrounds and parts of the country descended on Beirut to participate in one of the largest civic demonstrations ever witnessed in the Arab world. Armed with little more than national flags signs, and banners with simple but poignant slogans like “The Truth” and “100% Lebanese”, more than a quarter of the entire Lebanese population came to protest the assassination of a popular political leader and to rally for a Lebanon free from foreign domination. The mass demonstration on March 14th was the culminating event in what Lebanese call their “Independence Intifada” (commonly called the “Cedar Revolution” in the West), a popular uprising triggered by the assassination of Prime Minister Rafik Hariri that consisted of weeks of protests, demonstrations, and other forms of civic disruption. The target of the unarmed insurrection was Syria and the Syrian-backed Lebanese government. The popular uprising, backed by strong pressure from the outside, ended an occupation without recourse to violence. This paper analyses how the genesis and strategic dynamics of a popular uprising ended an occupation but fell short of a revolution. Using concepts from the nonviolent conflict literature plus interviews with key leaders in that uprising, this paper argues that the confluence of three main factors led to the withdrawal of Syrian forces from Lebanon in April 2005: a unified Lebanese political opposition that articulated clear goals, sustained civic pressure from a broad-based, multi-confessional coalition of Lebanese student and civil society groups, and strong external pressure. The main weakness of the popular uprising is that it did not plan beyond the withdrawal of Syrian troops and failed to create an organizational infrastructure, leading the break-up of the movement before it could achieve longer-term political reforms.

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