Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions
US Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions ¹
Contractions (recessions) start at the peak of a business cycle and end at the trough.
Please also see:
BUSINESS CYCLE
REFERENCE DATES |
DURATION IN MONTHS |
| Peak |
Trough |
Contraction |
Expansion |
Cycle |
Quarterly dates
are in parentheses |
Peak
to
Trough |
Previous trough
to
this peak |
Trough from
Previous
Trough |
Peak from
Previous
Peak |
June 1857(II)
October 1860(III)
April 1865(I)
June 1869(II)
October 1873(III)
March 1882(I)
March 1887(II)
July 1890(III)
January 1893(I)
December 1895(IV)
June 1899(III)
September 1902(IV)
May 1907(II)
January 1910(I)
January 1913(I)
August 1918(III)
January 1920(I)
May 1923(II)
October 1926(III)
August 1929(III)
May 1937(II)
February 1945(I)
November 1948(IV)
July 1953(II)
August 1957(III)
April 1960(II)
December 1969(IV)
November 1973(IV)
January 1980(I)
July 1981(III)
July 1990(III)
March 2001(I)
|
December 1854 (IV)
December 1858 (IV)
June 1861 (III)
December 1867 (I)
December 1870 (IV)
March 1879 (I)
May 1885 (II)
April 1888 (I)
May 1891 (II)
June 1894 (II)
June 1897 (II)
December 1900 (IV)
August 1904 (III)
June 1908 (II)
January 1912 (IV)
December 1914 (IV)
March 1919 (I)
July 1921 (III)
July 1924 (III)
November 1927 (IV)
March 1933 (I)
June 1938 (II)
October 1945 (IV)
October 1949 (IV)
May 1954 (II)
April 1958 (II)
February 1961 (I)
November 1970 (IV)
March 1975 (I)
July 1980 (III)
November 1982 (IV)
March 1991(I)
November 2001 (IV)
|
--
18
8
32
18
65
38
13
10
17
18
18
23
13
24
23
7
18
14
13
43
13
8
11
10
8
10
11
16
6
16
8
8
|
--
30
22
46
18
34
36
22
27
20
18
24
21
33
19
12
44
10
22
27
21
50
80
37
45
39
24
106
36
58
12
92
120
|
--
48
30
78
36
99
74
35
37
37
36
42
44
46
43
35
51
28
36
40
64
63
88
48
55
47
34
117
52
64
28
100
128
|
--
--
40
54
50
52
101
60
40
30
35
42
39
56
32
36
67
17
40
41
34
93
93
45
56
49
32
116
47
74
18
108
128
|
|
Average, all cycles:
1854-2001 (32 cycles)
1854-1919 (16 cycles)
1919-1945 (6 cycles)
1945-2001 (10 cycles)
|
17
22
18
10
|
38
27
35
57
|
55
48
53
67
|
56*
49**
53
67
|
|
|
* 31 cycles
** 15 cycles
|
Source: NBER
The determination that the last contraction ended
in November 2001 is the most recent decision of the Business Cycle Dating Committee
of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Announcement dates:
The November 2001 trough was announced July 17, 2003.
The March 2001 peak was announced November 26, 2001.
The March 1991 trough was announced December 22, 1992.
The July 1990 peak was announced April 25, 1991.
The November 1982 trough was announced July 8, 1983.
The July 1981 peak was announced January 6, 1982.
The July 1980 trough was announced July 8, 1981.
The January 1980 peak was announced June 3, 1980.
Other Related Press Releases:
December 21, 1990
December 31, 1979
October 25, 1979
July 27, 1979
The NBER does not define a recession in terms of two consecutive quarters of decline in real GDP. Rather, a recession is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales. For more information, see the latest announcement on how the NBER's Business Cycle Dating Committee chooses turning points in the Economy and its latest memo, dated 07/17/03.
Source:
Public Information Office
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
1050 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge MA 02138
USA
617-868-3900
Permission to copy is granted, provided credit is given
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