Extreme temperatures around the world
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RECORDS REGISTERED BETWEEN 2002 AND 2009 -CLICK HERELatest Records registered during 2010:
Note: Celsius degrees are used. Click here to open the Celsius-Fahrenheit degrees ConverterMIN MAX AFGHANISTAN Kabul -25.6 40 Kandahar -12.1 46.5 Jalalabad -7.8 48.8* * suspicious,likely taken with not proper instruments Mazar al Sharif -24 48.1 Ghazni -31 37 Zaranj 49.6* * a dubious 51.1C was likely taken with not proper instruments Farah 49.8* * a dubious 49.9C was also recorded in August 2009 Shahrak -52.2 ALBANIA Tirana -10.4 42.1 Durres -6 38.6 Shkoder -12.6 40.5 Elbasan -7.5 42.2 Cerrik -9.4 43.2 Kucova 43.9 Kallmet 45.3* * unofficial, questioned Kukes -22 42.5 Sheqeras -25.8 ALGERIA Algiers Airport -4 47.5 Oran -3 44.2 In Salah -3.3 50.6 Adrar -4.5 49.8 Ouargla -6.7 49.7 Biskra -2.4 49.4 Batna -20 43.8 Constantine -8.8 45.5 Tamanrasset -7 41.6 ANDORRA Andorra La Vella 38.5 Les Escaldes -18 36 Hidroelectrica -16 36 Engolaster Lake -21 33 Ransol -23 36 Grau Roig -27.3 Port d'Envalira -34* * unofficial, likely recorded under not proper exposure conditions ANGOLA Luanda 12 36.7 Ondjiva -4* 40.5* * suspicious, likely taken under not proper conditions Silva Porto -5* 31.7* * suspicious, likely taken under not proper conditions Mavinga -3.9 Serpa Pinto -3.2 38.3 Lubango -1 38.3 Catete 39.5 Namuculungo 42* * suspicious, likely taken under not proper conditions Cabinda 12 34.4 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Saint John's AP 16.3 34.1 Botanic Station 15.6* 35 * suspicious Codrington (Barbuda)17.2 35 ARGENTINA Buenos Aires Obser.-5.4 43.3 Ezeiza Airport -7.8 44.3 Cordoba -10.3 43* * an old record of 45.6C was likely taken with not proper instruments Bahia Blanca -11.8 43.8 Mar del Plata -9.3 41.3 Mendoza -9.2 44.4 Rosario -11.1 42.4* * an old record of 43.9C was likely taken with not proper instruments Santiago del Estero -10 46.5* * a temperature of 47.0C was also recorded in the observatory Catamarca -9 47* * a temperature of 47.1C was also recorded in the observatory Tucuman -6 45 Salta -9.9 39.9 Campo Gallo -6.8 47.3 Rivadavia -7.2 47* * a very dubious 48.9C was likely taken with not proper instruments Villa de Maria -10.5 44.6* * a very dubious 49.1C was likely taken with not proper instruments Bariloche -21.1 36.5 Ushuaia -21.1 29.4* * unofficial 31C also recorded in other parts of the town Sarmiento -33* 38.3 * very dubious, recorded under not proper conditions Maquinchao -25.6* 38 * a very dubious -35.3C was recorded in July 1991 Pato Superior Valley-39 ARMENIA Yerevan -31 41.8 Kumairi -35 36.2 Stepanavan -34 35 Megri -22 43.1 Shurabad (Paghakn)-42.2* 31 * an unofficial temperature of -46C was also recorded Ashotsk -41.9 Aragats Highland -39 21 AUSTRALIA Canberra -10 42.2 Sydney Airport -0.1 45.2 Sydney Observatory 2.1 45.3 Brisbane Airport -0.1 40.2 Brisbane City 2.3 43.2 Adelaide City -0.4 46.1 Adelaide Airport -2.6 44 Perth Airport -1.3 46.7 Perth City -0.7 46.2 Darwin 10.4 38.9 Albany City 0.1 44.8 Esperance City -0.6 46.9 Carnarvon 2.4 47.8 Broome 3.3 44.8 Alice Springs -7.5 45.2 Cairns 6.2 40.5 Melbourne City -2.8 46.4* * 46.8C also recorded in the Airport Station Hobart City -2.8* 40.8 * -3.9C also recorded in the Airport Station in June 1972 Birdsville -1.7 49.5 Mardie 2.9 50.5 Oodnadatta -2.6 50.7 Charlotte Pass -23 33.5 Norfolk Island AP 6.2 28.4 Kingston (Norfolk) 31.7* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Cocos Island AP 18.3* 32.8 * an old and unofficial temperature of 17.8C also recorded Willis Island 16.4 35.2 Christmas Isl. AP 16.2 31.8 Rocky Point (Christmas I.)33.2 Lord Howe Island 5.9 31.3 Heard Island -10.6 21.6 Macquarie Island -9.4 14.4 AUSTRIA Vienna -25.8* 38.9 * unofficial -27C also recorded in February 1929 Klagenfurt -27.8 37 Linz -27.2 38 Salzburg -31.1 37.7 Graz -28.8 38 Innsbruck -30 37.7 Dellach im Drautal-24.8 39.7 Swettl -36.6 34.6 Halltal -40* * unofficial, questioned Sonnblick -37.4 15 Grunloch -52.6* * unofficial, recorded in February 1932 in a frost hollow AZERBAIJAN Baku -14.7 40 Ganja -17.8 43.3 Zakataly -22.8 38.9 Mingechevir -10 42 Goytapa 47.4 Great Caucasus Stat.-42* * an unofficial reading of -45C also recorded Ordubad (Nakhichivan)-33 46 Julfa (Nakhichivan) -33 46 Xankhandi (Nagorno K.) -19 40 BAHAMAS Nassau 5.2 36.5* * an unofficial and dubious 36.7C was recorded in June 1898 Freeport 3 36 BAHRAIN Manama Intl Air. 2.8 47.5 Awali -0.5* * questioned BANGLADESH Dhaka 6.1 42.2 Borga Thana 3 43 Chittagong 7.2 38.9* * 40.6C also recorded in other city station Jessore 2.2 43.2 Rajshahi 45.1 Srimangal 1.7 41.2 BARBADOS Bridgetown City 16.1 35 Grantley Adams AP 16.5 33.1 Gibbons Boggs 15 BELARUS Minsk -39.1 35 Gomel -35 38.9 Vasilevichi -36 38 Tolochin -42.2 BELGIUM Brussels -20.5 37.4* * a questioned 38.8C was recorded at Uccle Station in 1947 Ostend -16.8 36 Antwerp -17 36.1 Gent -20.6 37.6 Liege -21* 38.4 * -24.4C also recorded in December 1783 Haacht -25.5 38.7 Rochefort -30.1 37.7 BELIZE Belmopan 7 36 Belize City 7.8 37.8 Douglas Da Silva St. 6 Sibun Hill 4 Cayo College of Agricul. 42 BENIN Porto Novo 16 37.5 Cotonou 17 36.7 Kandi 8.5 44.5 BHUTAN Thimphu -10 31 Punakha 37.5 Phuentsholing 40 Bathpalathang -12 27 Hurchi -12 Drukgyel Dzong -12.9 BOLIVIA Sucre -5 32 La Paz Downtown -6 27.2 La Paz El Alto -15.2 23 Charana -23.8 26.2 Oruro -22.4 26.4 Potosi -14.1 24 Cochabamba -7 35.6 Tarija -9.2* 39.3 * -10.0c was also recorded in the city station Camiri -5.2 44 Cobija 7 39.2 Santa Cruz 1.8 41.6 Uyuni -25.7* * unofficial temperature of -30C also reported Villamontes -7 46.7 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Sarajevo -26.4 40 Mostar -16.4 43.1 Bihac -29.2 41.2 Livno -29.6 37.6 Brcko -20.5 42 Banja Luka (Sprska R.) -27.4 41.4 Sokolac (Sprska R.) -33.8 Bjelasnica -33.6 25.3 Veliko Polje -43.5 BOTSWANA Gabarone -6.5 41.7 Francistown -6.5 41.1 Ghanzi -8.5 42.2 Tshane -8 41 Tsabong -10.6* 41.4* * extreme temperatures of -15C and 42.6C were recorded under not proper conditions Dikgatlong 42.2 Palapye 42.2 Gomo 42.4 BRAZIL Brasilia 1.6* 35.8* * extreme temperatures of 1.3C and 36.0C were recorded at the Airport station Sao Paulo -2.1* 37* * unofficial temperatures of -4C and 38.5C were recorded in other city stations Rio de Janeiro Downt.10.2* 39.1* * extreme temperatures of 4.8C and 43.1C were recorded in other parts of the city Salvador de Bahia 15.3 35.5 Recife 17 35.4 Fortaleza 17.6 35.8 Belem 18.4 36.6 Teresina 13.8 40.8 Manaus 17.2 39 Belo Horizonte 2.2 37.1 Porto Alegre -4 40.7* * unofficial 41.3C was recorded in February 2010 Curitiba -6.3* 35.2* * unofficial temperatures of -8.9C and 37.4C were recorded in other stations Campinas -1.5 38.9 Foz do Iguacu -4.1 40 Florianopolis -1 38.8 Campo Grande -3.4 40.1 Orleans 44.6 Bom Jesus do Piaui 44.8* * questioned Fazenda Descalvados 44.8* * unofficial and questioned data recorded in November 1901 Sao Joaquim -10 31.4 Xanxere -11.6 Cacador -14* 36.2 * unofficial Sao Jose dos Ausentes -17* * unofficial,questioned Morro da Igreja -17.8* * suspicious, likely taken with not proper instruments BRUNEI Bandar Seri Begawan 18.4 38.3 BULGARIA Sofia -31.2 40.2 Plovdiv -31.5 45 Varna -24.3 41.4 Sadovo 45.2 Mussala Peak -31.6 20 Veliko Turnova -38 43 Trun -38.3 BURKINA FASO Ouagadougou 8.5 43.9 Dori 5.7 47.2 Markoye 5 BURUNDI Bujumbura 11.1 36.1 Kisozi -0.9 CAMBODIA Phnom Penh 12.8 40.5 Siam Reap 9.5 41 Battabang 10.4 41 Kampot 14.7 37.2 Stoeng Treng 9.5 41.4 Sisophon 8.6 40.2 Val d'Emeraude 8 CAMEROON Yaounde 11 35.7 Douala 18 37.7 Garoua 8.3 45.5 Maroua 6 45.9 Kousseri 9.7 47.7 Ngaoundere 3.2 39.5 Benoue River -0.7 Fako Peak -2.7* * unofficial CANADA Ottawa -38.9 37.8* * 38.9C also recorded in the old Observatory Toronto City -32.8 40.6 Montreal -37.8* 37.6 * -42C was also recorded in 1859 Quebec City -36.7 36.1 Halifax -29.4 37.2 Saint John's -29.4 33.9 Calgary -45 36.1 Edmonton -49.4 37.2 Vancouver -18.3 34.4* * 36.0C also recorded in the West Vancouver station Victoria -15.6 37.6 Regina -50 43.9 Winnipeg -47.8 42.3 Churchill -49.4 36.9 Dawson -58.3 35 Yelloknwife -53.9 32.5 Sachs Harbour -52.2 24.2 Eureka -55.3 20.9 Alert -50 20 Cape Dorset -42.8 25 Midale -48.3 45 Yellow Grass -45.6 45 Snag -62.8 Mount Logan -77.5* * unofficial CAPE VERDE Praia 13.3 37.3 Sal 10 35.2 Monte Velha 5 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Bangui 9.8 40.4 Bangassou 10.4 41.2 Birao 3.1 45 CHAD N'Djamena 6.5 46* * 47.0C was recorded in the city station in March 1936 Faya 4.5* 47.6* * readings of 2.6C and 49.7C recorded in 1951 and 1952 were taken with not proper instruments Sarh 9.8 45 Bardai -4.5 43 Wour -5 Trou au Natron -7 27 CHILE Santiago -6.8 37.5 Valparaiso -3.8 37.7 Arica 1 33.6 Puerto Montt -7.1 34.7 Temuco -8.1 39 Los Angeles -5.7 41.6 Punta Arenas -16.4 30 Balmaceda -28.3 33.4 Ollague -37 Coyhaique Alto -37 Puesto Viejo -40* * unofficial Evangelista Island -8 23 Robinson Crusoe Isl. 3 28 Mataveri(Easter Isl.)7.2 31.1 CHINA Beijing -27.4 42.6* * dubious old temperature of 44.4C was recorded in July 1743 Shanghai -12.1* 40.2 * unofficial -13.3C recorded in January 1893 Nanjing -16.9 43 Fuzhou -1.7 41.7 Guangzhou (Canton) 0* 39.1 * unofficial record of -5.0C was set in January 1893 Shenzhen 1.6 38.7 Chongqing -3 44 Chengdu -5.9 40 Kunming -7.8 32.2 Wuhan -18.1 42 Xian -20.6 42.9 Tianjin -22.9 40.5 Haikou 2.8 42 Shenyang -33.1 39.3 Harbin -41.4 39.2 Urumqi -41.5 42.1 Lhasa -16.5* 30.4 * questioned old readings as low as -20C have not been officialized by China Turpan -28.9 48.1* * a 49.6C in July 1975 has been considered faulty Tuyoq 48.7 Ayding Lake 49.7 Tuyugou Canyon 50* * unofficial Aydingkol Mirabilite Factory 50.7* * unofficial Mohe -52.3 39.3 Hong Kong Observatory 0 36.1 Hong Kong Airport 3 37.4 Ta Kwu Ling (Hong Kong)-0.8 37.7 Tai Mon Shan Peak(H.Kong)-5.3 Taipa Obs. (Macao) 37.4 Fortaleza do Monte (Macao)-1.8 38.9 Macao AWS (Macao) 39 COLOMBIA Bogota Downtown -1.5* 25* * absolute records of -4C and 26.3C were recorded in different stations of the city Bogota Airport -6.4 25.2 Medellin 10 34.4 Pereira 10 35 Cali 12 36.5 Barranquilla 18 39.2 Arauca 17.1 40.6 Barrancabermeja 16 41.5 Valledupar 16 41.8 El Salto 42 Puerto Salgar 42.2* * a very dubious 43.0C was recorded in May 2002 Sierra Nevada del Cocuy -9.8 22.8 Funza -7.2 Granja Providencia -8.8 Sogamoso -8.8 Berlin -11 San Andres Island 17 34.5 COMOROS Moroni 13.6 35.6 Nzwani (Anjouan) 13.7 33.8 CONGO BRAZZAVILLE Brazzaville 10.3 37.6 Pointe Noire 12.4 34.8 Impfondo 12 39 Sibiti 8.9 CONGO KINSHASA Kinshasa 11.2 36.6 Lubumbashi 0.6 37.2 Kisangani 14.8 38.6 Sakania -1.5 Katanaga Highlands -4* * unofficial Yahila 41 COSTA RICA San Jose City 8.1 33.6 Alajuela 11 35.2 Cartago 5 30.8 Liberia 12.8 40.1 Puntarenas 16 40 Puerto Limon 13.2 36 La Fortuna 15 37 Villa Mills -3 27.5 Poas Volcano -6 27 Irazu Volcano -5 21 Mount Chirripo -9 24 COTE D'IVOIRE Yamoussoukro 8.2 40.3 Abidjan 14.7 36.2 Bouake 7 40 Odienne 8 41.5 Man 6 39.4 CROATIA Zagreb -27.3* 40.4 * an unofficial temperature of -30.5C also recorded in February 1929 Dubrovnik -7 39.4 Split -9 38.6 Rijeka -12.8 40 Osijek -27.1 40.6 Karlovac 42.4 Ploce 42.8 Varazdin -29 39.3 Cakovec -35.5 Gospic -36* 36.1 * questioned CUBA Havana City 6 36.2 Havana Jose Marti 3.7* 36.1* * records of 0C and 38.1C were recorded in the old Rancho Boyero station Bainoa 0.6 36.3 Sancti Spiritus 4.8 38.5 Camaguey 3 37.5 Santiago 8.3 37.8 Guantanamo 11 38.6 Jucarito 7 38.8 Manzanillo 38.8 Isla de la Juventud 6.1 35.1 CYPRUS Nicosia -5.6 45 Larnaca -3 41.1 Prodromos -10.2 35.5 Kyrenia (N.Cyprus) -4 41 Lefkonico (North Cyprus) 46.6 CZECH REPUBLIC Prague -27.6 37.8 Prague Uhrineves -29 40.2 Brno -26.4 37 Budwels -40 Litvinovice -42.2 DENMARK Copenhagen -25 33.8 Aalborg -27.2 34 Odense -21.3 34 Ronne -20.5 32.6 Holstebro 36.4 Slagelse 35.8 Horsted/Thy -31.2 Nuuk(Greenland) -29.5 24.2 Upernavik(Greenland)-41 20 Nord (Greenland) -51.1 17 Northice(Greenland)-66.1 Klinck (Greenland) -69.6 Nord Ice (Greenland)-70* * unofficial Summit (Greenland) -63.3 1.8 Kangerlussuaq (Green.)-47.2 25.5 Torshavn (Faroe) -13.5 22.1 Vaga Floghavn (Faroe)-12.3 26.3 DJIBOUTI Djibouti City 15 47.1 Djibouti Serpent 47.3* * a suspicious 49.5C was likely taken under not proper conditions Tadjourah 49.5* * questioned ,likely taken under not proper conditions Ali Sabieh 12.5 DOMINICA Roseau 15 35 Melville Airport 16.1 34.3 Canefield Airport 18 35.4 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Santo Domingo 13 37 Santo Domingo Airp.11.4 37 Puerto Plata 10.6 39 Santiago 10.1 39 Duverge 10.2 42.8* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Mao 12.2 43.2* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Moca 10 41* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Yasica 11 42* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Jimani 12 40.8 Constanza 0* 32.5 * a record of -1.0C in 1958 was likely taken with not proper instruments Duarte Peak -8* * unofficial Las Piramides -9* * unofficial, dubious ECUADOR Quito Observatory 0 27.3 Guayaquil 14 37.3 Cuenca -2.9 28 Zamora 6 35 Tiputini 14 38 Nuevo Rocafuerte 14 38.5 Putumayo 38.6 Riobamba -3.6 28.3 Izobamba -4.3 24.1 Latacunga -4.5 27.5 Chalpatan -6 Olmedo -10.5* * very dubious El Refugio Cotopaxi-14.2 San Cristobal (Galapagos)12.7 35 Genovesa Island (Galapagos) 38* * dubious Bellavista (Galapagos) 11* * dubious EGYPT Cairo 0.8 48.4 Giza -4 48 Alexandria 2.2 45.1 Kharga -2.1 50.3 Aswan 1.6* 49.3* * old town records of 1.0C and 51.0C were recorded under not proper exposure conditions Luxor -2 50 Port Said 0 45 Sharm El Sheik 5 46 Nekhel -8.8 43.8 Jabal Zubayr -15 EL SALVADOR San Salvador City 8.2 38.5 San Salvador Airport8.3 37.5 Acajutla 15.1 40.2 La Union 13 42 San Miguel 10.2 44.8* * dubious Los Naranjos -6 32 EQUATORIAL GUINEA Malabo 16 35.3 Bata 15 35 Moka Valley 8 ERITREA Asmara -1.1 31.1 Massawa 12.6* 48 * old temperature of 10.0C was likely taken under bad exposure conditions ESTONIA Tallin -34.4 34.3 Tartu -38.6 35.2 Voru -43.4 35.6 Jogeva -43.5 ETHIOPIA Addis Abeba City -0.5* 32* * extreme temperatures of -3.5C and 34.0C were recorded in other parts of the city Jimma -8* 38 * very dubious Alemaya -7.5 Sanetti Plateau -15 26 Dire Dawa 3 42 K'elafo 47.2 Dallol 48.9 FIJI Suva 13 34.5 Nadi 11.7 36.7 Nacocolevu 39.4 Nadrau 6.5 Rotuma Island 17 34.1 FINLAND Helsinky Ilmala -36 33.1 Helsinky Vantaa -35.9 33.7 Turku -35.5 35.9* * very dubious Joensuu Airport -36.4 37.2 Tampere -37 33.1 Jyvaskyla -38.5 35 Inari -48.7 32.4 Rovaniemi -47 30.6 Kittila-Pokka -51.5 30 Oulu -41.5 33.3 Lappeenranta -38 34.6 Lahti -40 35 Kuopio -41 35.5 Sodankyla -49.5 31.7 Marienhamn (Aland)-32.9 31.3 FRANCE Paris Downtown -23.9 40.4 Paris St.Maur -25.6 42.3 Paris Orly -16.8 40 Nice -7.4 37.7 Marseille -16.8 39.7 Strasbourg -23.4 38.5 Lille -19.5 36.6 Bordeaux -16.4 40.7 Perpignan -11 40.5 Lyon -24.6 40.5 Auxerre -20.2 41.1 Caen -19.6 38.9 Grenoble -27.1 39.5 Limoges -21.7 37.2 Nantes -15.6 40.3 Toulon -9 40.1 Toulouse Airport -19.2 40.7 Le Luc 42.7 Tolouse Francazal 44* * questioned Cugnaux 44* * questioned Vallon-Pont-d'Arc 44* * questioned Conqueyrac 44.1* * questioned Saint Christol les Ales 44.1 Ledignan 44.3* * unofficial Chamonix -31 37.2 Mouthe -41* * questioned Mount Blanc -43 3 Ajaccio -8.1 41.2 Bastia -5 38.3 St Pierre (St Pierre Miq.)-22.5 28 Cayenne (French Guyana) 17.2 36 Regina (French Guyana) 17 39 Saul (French Guyana) 14.8 Fort de France(Martinique)13.4 35 Lamentin (Martinique) 14.1 34.6 Saint Pierre (Martinique) 16.4 36.5* * dubious Trinite (Martinique) 35.4 Le Morne Rouge (Martinique)12.6 32 Fonds-St-Denis (Martinique) 12* 33.2 * very dubious Raizet (Guadeloupe) 13 34.2 Basse Terre (Guadeloupe) 15 35 St-Claude (Guadeloupe) 9.8 33 Les Saintes (Guadeloupe) 18.4 36.4 Gustavia (Saint Barthelemy) 15.6 35.2 Orleans (Saint Martin) 17 36.4 Papeete (French Polynesia)14.9 34.5 Takaroa (French Polynesia)19.5 35.6 Atuona (French Polynesia) 18.1 36.1 Rikitea (French Polynesia) 11 34.6 Rapa (French Polynesia) 8.5 31.6 Noumea (New Caledonia) 11.1 37.4 Boulouparis (New Caledonia) 39.9 Bourail (New Caledonia) 2.3 Hihifo (Wallis) 17.5 33.3 Maopoopo (Futuna) 19 34.9 Saint Denis (Reunion I.) 12.8 34 Le Port (Reunion I.) 36.9 Gite de Bellecombe (Reunion)-5 Dzaoudzi (Mayotte) 15.6 35 Tromelin Island 17.2 34.6 Glorioso Island 15 35.1 Juan de Nova Island 16 35.6 Europa Island 9.4 35.5 Port Aux Francais (Kerguelen) -9.4 23 Possession Island (Crozet) -6.6 23.6 Amsterdam Island 1.8 26.4 GABON Libreville 16.1 35.1 Franceville 12 36 Lambarene 13.8 36.8 Mouila 12.5 37.2 Tchibanga 37.5 Mekambo 10 GAMBIA Banjul 7.2 43.6 Fatoto 45.1 Basse Santa Su 45.5 Boraba Kunda 4.4* * very dubious,likey taken with not proper instruments GEORGIA Tbilisi -24.4 40.6 Kutaisi -17 42 Chiatura -20 42.5 Charnali -10 43 Batumi -9.5 41 Kartsakhi -41 Mt Kazbegi Met.Stat.-42 21 Sukhumi (Abkhazia) -14 41 Pskhu (Abkhazia) -27 41 Lata (Abkhazia) 43 Tskhinvali (S.Ossetia)-28 36 GERMANY Berlin -26.1* 38.1 * unofficial temperature of -32C was recorded in 1795 Bonn -25 38.5 Frankfurt -23.8 38.7 Munich -31.6 37.1 Hamburg -29.1 38.8 Stuttgart -25.8 37.7 Essen -24 36.6 Bremen -23.6 37.6 Dresden -30.5 36.9 Hannover -26 38.1 Koln -23.4 38.8 Leipzig -27.6 37 Dusseldorf -22.8 38.5 Karlsruhe -25.4 40.2 Landesbut -45* * unofficial Funtensee -45.8* * unofficial, questioned Hull -37.8 Zugspitze -35.6 17.9 Freiburg im Breisgau-22.4 40.2 Garmersdorf 40.2 Perl-Nenning 40.3* * originally 40.8C ,was later corrected GHANA Accra 15 38 Kumasi 10.6 38.9 Bui 6.7 Navrongo 43.9 GREECE Athens Hellinikon -4.2 42.2 Athens Votanikos -10.4 44.5 Elefsina -7 48 Tatoi -8.8 48 Thessalonik -14 44 Patras -6.4 43.5 Heraklion (Crete) -1 44.4* * a questioned 45.7C was recorded in the city station in 1916 Rhodes Airport -3.9 42 Larissa -21.6 45.4 Ptolemaida -27.8 34 GRENADA Saint George's Airp. 18 34 Richmond Hill 34.4 Grand Etang 13 GUATEMALA Guatemala City 4.2 33.4 Guatemala Airport 7 34.5 San Jose 12 40 Flores 9 42 Estanzuela 7 45 Puerto Barrios 11 39.6 Coban 0.8 34.2 Chichicastenango -8.5 31.4 Huehuetenango -5.5 34 Quetzaltenango -11 33 Olintepeque -11.5 29.6 GUINEA Conakry 16.1 36.1 Labe 3.8 40 Bareing 2.5 Mali Ville 1.4 Siguiri 6.8 42.5 Koundara 45 GUINEA BISSAU Bissau Downtown 12.2 41.1 Bafata 10 43.6 Farim 7 43.2 GUYANA Georgetown 16.6 37.2 Mazaruni 15 37.8 Kaieteur Falls 13 Ebini 39 Lethem 39 Mount Roraima 1* * unofficial HAITI Port au Prince 15 39 Turgueau 40.3 Fort des Pins 1 Seguin 1 HONDURAS Tegucigalpa 3.9 37.8 San Pedro Sula 10 43.3 Guayabillas 45.5* * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Santa Rosa de Copan 4.8 35.5 La Esperanza -0.6 HUNGARY Budapest Downtown -23.4 40.6 Budapest Airport -26.4 40.7 Debrecen -31.6 40.2 Szeged -29.1 39.8 Pecs -27 41.3 Csongrad 41.6 Bekescsaba 41.7 Kiskunhalas 41.9 Miskolctapolca -35 ICELAND Reykjavik -24.5 26.2 Akureyri -32.5* 29.4 * -35.7C also recorded in March 1810 Teigarhorn -25.5 30.5 Grimsstaoir -37.9 Moorudalur -38 INDIA New Delhi City -0.6 47.2 New Delhi Palam -2.2 48 Mumbai Airport 7.4 43.3 Mumbai Downtown 11.7* 40.6 * 6.5C was also recorded in Kanheri Caves in 2008 Kolkata (Calcutta) 5 43.9 Chennai (Madras) 13.9 45 Bangalore 7.8 41 Allahabad -0.7 48.8 Lucknow -1 48.3 Jaipur -2.2 48.5 Nagpur 3.9 48.6 Hyderabad 6.1 45.5 Jammu 0.6 47.2 Chandigarh 0 46.5 Goa 13.3 39.8 Bikaner -4 49.4 Ganganagar -2.8 50 Churu -4.6 50* * dubious Dholpur -1.2 50 Alwar -0.8 50.6* * very dubious Pachpadra -4.3 50.6* * unofficial Cherrapunji 0 31.1 Srinagar -19.9 38.3 Leh -28.6 34.8 Dras -45* 33 * Dras temperatures were likely taken under not proper conditions Siachen Glacier -55* * unofficial Sia La -55* * unofficial Minnicoy Island 16.7 36.7 Port Blair (Andaman)14.6 36.1 INDONESIA Jakarta Observat. 18.9* 36.7* * a lowest temperature of 17.4C was recorded at the Soekarno Airport Jakarta Perdanakusuma 16.9 Surabaya 16.5 38.8 Semarang 17 38.7 Medan 17.2 36 Makassar(U.Pandang)14.4 38.4 Den Pasar (Bali) 17 35.2 Bandung 11.3 34.4 Cirebon Jatiwangi 39.5 Sampaling 42* * unofficial, dubious Diyeng 0.5 Mount Pangerango 0.5 20.7 Puncak Jaya -8* * unofficial IRAN Tehran -20.6 43.1 Abadan -5 52 Ahvaz -7 52.2 Omidiyeh -3.5 52.5 Deh Seyf 52.5* * dubious Jask 5 45.3 Esfahan -20.1 43.3 Shiraz -14 43.2 Tabriz -25 42 Mashad -28 43.8 Saqqez -36 41 Bijar -36* 38.2 * a questioned temperature of -38C was likely recorded with not proper instruments Kheyrabad -36.4 IRAQ Baghdad -8.5* 50.4 * unofficial temperature of -12.2C also recorded Nassirya Airport -7.2 51 Najaf -7.2 51.2 Basra -4.7 52 Ash Shu'aybah -7.2 51.7* * suspicious Ad-Diwaniyah -8.3 51.7* * suspicious Kirkuk -7 49.5 Mossul -17.6 51.1* * suspicious IRELAND Dublin -15.6 30.6 Cork -9.4 29.4 Shannon -11.9 31.6 Valentia -7.3 29.7 Kilkenny -14.1 33.3* * dubious Lough Boora 32.5 Markree Castle -19.1 29.4 ISRAEL Tel Aviv -1.9 45.6* * a questioned record of 46.5C was also set in 1916 Jerusalem -6.7 42.2 Haifa -3 43.7 Ramat David -11.5 44 Beer Sheva -5 46.2 Eilat Observatory 0.9 47.2* * 48.8C was recorded in the Airport Station Sedom 3 48.8 Deganya -0.8 49 Qalya 51.2 Almog (Qalya) 51.4* * unofficial, questioned Tirat Tsvi 53.7* * wrong data caused by a reading error plus a very faulty instrument Tel Tanim -13.1* * reports of -13.7C are due to a typo error in the original source Mount Avital -14.3* * unofficial, questioned Jericho (West Bank)-0.4 50.5 East Jerusalem (West Bank) -6.7 44.4 Hebron (West Bank) -7.2 Gaza (Gaza Strip) -2 45.9 ITALY Rome City -8.2 40.1 Rome Ciampino Air. -11 40.6 Rome Fiumicino Air.-7.8 38.6 Milan City -17.3 39.8* * a dubious 41.1C was recorded in the new administered Brera Observatory Turin City -21.1 41.6 Turin Airport -21.8 37.4 Florence City -12.9 42 Florence Airport -23.2 42.6 Venice -15* 37.5 * -18C was also recorded in December 1788 Genoa -8 37.8 Bologna -18.8 39.8 Perugia -17 40 Naples -5* 40 * a dubious -5.6C also recorded in January 1981 Bari -5.9 45.6 Palermo Observatory-0.5 44.6* * a questioned 45.5C also recorded in August 1885 Cagliari -4.8 43.7 Catenanuova 48.5 Lampedusa Island 2.2 39.9 Plateau Rosa -34.6 17.2* * unofficial Mount Rose -41 7.3* * a record of 8.3C in August 2008 is likely to be faulty Livigno -38 29 Gran Gioves -42 Busa di Manna -47* * recorded in a frost hollow JAMAICA Kingston 13.3 36.4 Montego Bay 12.8 36 Bodles 37.2 Castleton Gardens 37.8 Mandeville 10 Blue Mount.Range 0.7 23.3 JAPAN Tokyo City -9.2 39.5* * unofficial 42.7C was recorded at the Primary School Station Osaka City -7.5 39.1 Kyoto -11.9 39.8 Sendai -11.7 37.2 Sapporo -28.5 36.2 Yamagata -20 40.8 Tajimi -9.3 40.9 Kumagaya -11.6 40.9 Mount Fuji -38 17.8* * questioned 18.2C also recorded in August 2007 Asahikawa -41 36 Bifuka -41.5* 35.9 * unofficial Nagoya -10.3 39.9 Hiroshima -8.6 38.7 Nagasaki Airport -7 37.6 Naha (Okinawa) 5 35.6 Iwo To Island 12 35 Minamitorishima Is.12.8 36 JORDAN Amman -6.5 44 Ma'an -8.4 43.5 Aqaba 0.6 48.8 Jordan University Farm 50* * taken in a desert area near Al-Karameh Allenby Bridge 51* * unofficial, recorded on the border with Palestine in June 1942 Shoubak -14 38.2 KAZAKHSTAN Astana -51.6 42.2 Almaty -37.7 43 Atbasar -44.8 42.2 Semey -51.4 42.5 Kazalinsk -40 44 Pavlodar -47.2 41 Karamola -33 47 Turkestan -38.6 49.1 KENYA Nairobi 2 32.8 Mombasa 13.6 38.9 Garissa 13.9 41 Wajir 14.5 42.6 Eldoret 1.1 30.6 Ettrick Estate -3.3 Teleki Valley -11 Mount Kenya -19* * unofficial KIRIBATI Bonriki (Tarawa) 21 35.3 London 19 33 Butaritari 18.9 35 Arorae 20.7 36.8* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Tabuareran 18.3 Christmas Island 18.9 34.4 Beru 20.3 34.7 Banaba 20 35.6 KUWAIT Kuwait Int. Airport -4* 51.3 * -6.1C semi-official lowest temperature recorded in January 1964 Kuwait City -4.4 51.6 Abdaly 52.6 Mitribah 54.4* * faulty data, recorded with not proper instruments Bubiyan -4.8 50.4 Al Salmi -4.8 49.6 Al Shiqaya -5* * unofficial KYRGYZSTAN Bishkek -34.4 43.8 Chuy 44 Ak Say -53.6 23.5 LAOS Vientiane 2.4 41.1 Luang Prabang 0.8 44.8* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Savannakhet 1 42* * a 44.4C in April 1974 was recorded with not proper instruments Xiang Khoang -3.3 37 LATVIA Riga -34.9 35 Liepaja -32.9 33.7 Aluksne -37.4 33.3 Daugavpils -43.2 36.4 LEBANON Beirut Observatory -1.1 43.2 Beirut Nazareth -1.5 44.8 Tripoli -2.3 39.6 Ksara -18.3 41.2 Yammoune -22.7* * it is also found rounded to -23.5C Hermel 45 Haouch ed Dahab 46.7* * very dubious, likely recorded with not proper instruments LESOTHO Maseru -9.6 39.4 Lets'eng-La-Draai -20.4 LIBERIA Monrovia Downtown 18 36.5 Roberts Int.Airport 12.8 36.7 Masambolahun 7.8 Sikombe 40.6 LIBYA Tripoli City -0.6 47 Tripoli Airport -1.3 49.1 Misurata 0 47.6 Benghazi Benina 0.6 45.6 Ghadames -8 48.4 Jalo -2.8 49.1 Zuara -1.1 50.2 Al Azizia 58* * very faulty data, recorded under terrible exposure conditions Hon -9 48 LIECHTENSTEIN Vaduz -26 36 Malbun -30 LITHUANIA Vilnius -37.2 35.4 Kaunas -36.3 35.1 Zarasai 37.5 Utena -42.9 LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg -23.1 37.9 Larochette -23 37 Wiltz -24.3 Clemency -24.3 MACEDONIA Skopje -25.6 43.2 Bitola -29.4 41.2 Berovo -31.5 39 Demir Kapija 45.7 MADAGASCAR Antananarivo 1.2 34.8 Toamasina (Tamatave)11.3 38.6 Toliara 6.1 42.2 Arivonimamo -1 32.4 Nanokeli -8.5 Mount Andringitra -11 30 Andringitra Massif -16* * unofficial Behara 44.4 Tranoroa 46.5* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Diego Suarez Island 13.8 36.7 MALAWI Lilongwe -0.5 38.9 Blantyre 6.5 38 Zomba 7 35 Mzuzu -2 32.7 Chelinda -6.7* * unofficial temperature of -12C also recorded Nsanje (Port Herald) 43.9 Ngabu 45 Chikwawa 45 MALAYSIA Kuala Lumpur 17.7 37.2 Penang 18 37.2 Kuching 17.5 36.5 Chuping 40.1 Cameron Highlands 7.8* 26.7 * an unofficial lowest of 2.2C was recorded in January 1937 Panar Laban Hut 0.6* * unofficial MALDIVES Male 19 34.4 Hanimaadhoo 18 34.3 Kadhdhoo 34.8* * a dubious 36.8C was recorded in May 1991 MALI Bamako 6.1 46.1 Kayes 8.8 48.1 Gao 6.5 48.2 Timbuctu 4.8 47.8 Kidal 0.5 47.8 MALTA Valletta 1.2 40.5 Luqa Airport 1.4 43.8 Balzan 2.6 43.1 Ta'Qali -1.7* * unofficial MARSHALL ISLANDS Majuro 20 33.3 Kwajalein 20 33.3 Eniwetok 34.4 Ujelang 35 MAURITANIA Nouakchott 3.9 48 Nouadhibou 5 45.4 Bir Moghrein 1 49.1 Kiffa 5 49 Atar 2 48.8 Akjoujt 6 50* * dubious Moudjeria 50* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments MAURITIUS Port Louis 11.5* 37.5 * 9.9C recorded at the Pamplemousse Botanical Garden Agalega Island 16.9 35.1 Rodrigues Island 14.5 34 Raphael Island(Cargados) 15.9 35.3 Vacoas 7.7 31.6 Belle Rive 6.5 MEXICO Mexico City -4.4 33.9 Acapulco 11 40.5 Manzanillo 12.2 39.6 Guadalajara -5.5 39.6 Puebla -9 37.8 Monterrey City -8.5* 46.5 * an unofficial record of -15C was recorded in February 1895 in the highest parts of the city Tijuana -3.3 41.8 La Paz -1.9 43.1 Tampico -2.5 44 Ciudad Victoria -6.1 48.5 Cancun 7.2 39.5 Merida 5 43.5* * a record of 45.0C was reported in the northern city station Mexicali -8 50 Mexicali Agro Station-6 52* * questioned, likely taken with not proper instruments Rancho Williams -5 52* * questioned, likely taken with not proper instruments Delta -3 52* * questioned, likely taken with not proper instruments Chihuahua -15 41.4 La Rosilla -26.2 San Juanito -27 36 Valerio -28.5* * suspicious, likely taken under not proper conditions in a sinkhole MICRONESIA Palikir 18.3 36.1 Truk 18.9 34.4 Yap 17.8 34.4 Chuuk 17.8 34.4 MOLDOVA Chisinau -31.5 39.4 Bratuseni -35.5 Ialoveni 41 Cahul 41 Camenca (Transnistria) 41.5 Slobodzya (Transnistria) 41.9 Tiraspol (Transnistria) -32 41 MONACO Monaco Ville Monte Carlo -2.3 34 Jardin Exotique -5.2 MONGOLIA Ulaan Bataar -49 38.6 Buyant-Uhaa -37 40 Khongor 44 Uvs Lake -56 MONTENEGRO Podgorica Downtown -9.6 44.8 Podgorica Airport -12 42.3 Rozaje -32 36 MOROCCO Rabat Sale -3.2 48 Rabat Ville -1 47.8 Casablanca -2.7 43.5 Fez -7.9 47.1 Tangier -4.2 43.5 Agadir -2.6 49.1* * a 51.6C record of August 1940 was likely taken with not proper instruments Marrakech -5 46.6* * a questioned 49C was likely taken with not proper instruments Ifrane -23.9 37 El Aaiun(W.Sahara) 2.8 47.2 Semara (W.Sahara) 2.8 50.7 MOZAMBIQUE Maputo 6.5 45.5 Pafuri 1 46 Maue -2.8 37.4 Chibuto 47.3 MYANMAR Naypyitaw 10 44.5 Yangon (Rangoon) 9.1 42.5 Mandalay 5.6 45.6 Minbu 7.2 45.8 Myinmu 47.2 Lashio -2.5 42.5 Haka -6 NAMIBIA Windhoek -6.9 39 Gobabis -9.9 40.5 Walvis Bay 3.1 39.5 Walvis Bay Airport 0 41.5 Noordoewer -1.1 47.8 Stampriet -10.5 40.1 NAURU Yaren 18.9 35.9 NEPAL Kathmandu -3.9 37.8 Pokhara 1.8 38 Chisapani 46 Dhangadi 46.4 Lomangtang -22.5 Machhermo -25* * unofficial NETHERLANDS Amsterdam -24 36.8 The Hague -25 37 Vlissingen -19.6 35 Eindhoven -21.7 36.6 Maastricht -20.2 38.4 Rotterdam -20.3 36.5 Warnsveld 38.6 Winterswijk -27.4 Oranjestad (Aruba) 19 35.3 Queen Beatrix Airport (Aruba) 19 36.5 Flamingo Airport (Bonaire) 19.8 36.3 Kraledijk (Bonaire) 16.4 35.5 Hato Airport (Curacao) 19 38.3 Willemstad (Curacao) 19 36 Princess Juliana AP(St Marteen)17 35.1 Roosevelt AP(Sint Eustatius) 16.4 34.3 Oranjestad (Sint Eustatius) 16.3 National Marine Park (Saba) 16 35 NEW ZEALAND Wellington -1.9 31.1 Auckland -2.5 32.4* * a temperature of 34.4C was recorded in Albert Park Station Kaitaia -1 30.5 Christchurch -10 42* * highest temperature was recorded in the Gardens Station Dunedin -8.8 36 Invercargill -8 32.2 Ruatoria 39.2 Rangiora 42.4 Jordan 42.4 Chateau Tongariro -13.6 30 Ophir -21.6 Raoul Island 7.4 31 Chatam Island -2.3 25.4 Campbell Island -7.9 21.2 Enderby Island -4.2 16.9 Alofi (Niue) 11.5 34 Vaipapahi (Niue) 10.7 34.3 Niue Airport (Niue) 10.6 33.1 Aitutaki(Cook Islands) 12.8 35.6 Mauke (Cook Islands) 13.1 34.8 Avarua-Rarotonga(Cook) 8.9 34.2 Penrhyn (Cook Islands) 15.6 34.7 Nukunono (Tokelau) 35.6 Fakaofo (Tokelau) 19* * a highly suspicious reading of 16.7C was recorded in August 1952 NICARAGUA Managua 14 39 Jinotega 8.9 34.2 Ocotal 7.7 39 Esteli 5.5 35.8 Chinandega 10 42 San Francisco Libre 42* * very dubious Leon 13 40.1 Rivas 16.3 36.6 Bluefields 16.1 39.4 NIGER Niamey 8.3 47 Agadez 3 47.1 Bilma -2.4 48.2 Nguigmi 3 47 Tillabery 6 46.8 NIGERIA Abuja 8 41 Lagos 13.9 37.3 Port Harcourt 13.9 37.2 Ilorin 9 40.1 Kano 3.9 43.3 Maiduguri 6.1 46.1 Sokoto 3.9 47.2* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Jos 4.4 34.4 Potiskum 2.8 NORTH KOREA Pyongyang -30.2 37.7 Chunggangjin -43.6 38 Wonsan -21.9 39.6 NORWAY Oslo Airport -32 33 Oslo City -26 35 Bergen -16.3 31.8 Trondheim -26.1 35 Tromso -20.1 30.2 Hammerfest -22 28 Nesbyen -35.5 35.6 Roros -50.4 30.7 Karasjok -51.4 32.4 Bjornoya Island -31.6 23.6 Hopen Island -36.9 17.8 Jan Mayen Island -28.4 18.1 Longyearbyen(Svalbard) -46.3 21.3 Gronfjorden (Svalbard) -49.4 Bouvet Island -18.7 10.6 OMAN Muscat Airport 9.4 49 Salalah 10 47.2 Fahud 5.6 50.7 Buraimi 2.5 50.8 Sohar Majis 50.8 Saiq -3.6 37.1 Jabal ash Sham -7.8 27.6 PAKISTAN Islamabad -3.9 46.6 Lahore City -2.2 48.3 Karachi 0 47.8 Sibi -7.1 53 Jacobabad -3.9 52.8 Mohenjo-daro 53.5 Peshawar -3.9 50 Quetta -18.3 42 Sakardu -24.1 42.7 Astore -26 37 PALAU Melekeok Nekken Forestry 18.9 34.4 Koror 20 34.4 PANAMA Panama City 17.5 38 Puerto Colon 18.9 36.1 San Francisco 40 Bajo Grande 2 Baru Volcano -6* * unofficial PAPUA NEW GUINEA Port Moresby 14.4 37.2 Lae 17.3 38.7 Erap 38.9 Goroka 6.1 30.6 Tambul -2.3 Yumbisa -3 Kieta (Bougainville)17.8 35.6 PARAGUAY Asuncion Downtown -1.7 43.3 Asuncion Guarani AP-1.2 40 Ciudad del Este -3 40.2 Encarnacion -6 42 Concepcion -2.8 42.6 Pedro Pena -7 44.8 Prats Gill -7.5 45 PERU Lima Airport 8.7 33.9 Iquitos 11 39 Cuzco -9 30 Arequipa -4 30 Tacna 0 33.5 Pucallpa 8 40 Neshuya 41.1 Mazo Cruz -25.2* * unofficial temperature of -27.7C also recorded Chuapalca -28.2* * suspicious, likely taken under not proper exposure conditions PHILIPPINES Manila 14.5* 38.8* * old unofficial records were 13.5C in February 1767 and 39.7C in May 1878 Tuguegarao 12.1 42.2 Baguio 3 30 Mount Pulog -8* * unofficial Iloilo 16.5 37.8 Cotabato (Mindanao)18.3 38.2 Gen.Santos (Mindanao)17 39 Malaybalay (Mindanao)10 36.2 POLAND Warsaw -33.7 36.4 Lodz -30.3 37.6 Krakow -29.9 36.7 Poznan -28.5 38.2 Kolo -28.6 38.4 Slubice -29.4 39.5* * questioned Proszkow (Opole) 40.2* * suspicious Siedlce -41 35.5 Olecko -42* * unofficial Rabka -42.2* * unofficial, temperatures as low as -46C also reported nearby in 1929 PORTUGAL Lisbon -1.2* 43 * a record of -2.8C was set in another city station in 1956 Porto -5 40.1 Faro -1.2 44.3 Amareleja 47.4 Penhas da Saude -16 Miranda do Douro -16 Funchal (Madeira) 4.5 38.3 Sanatorio do Monte (Medeira) 39 Santo da Serra (Madeira) 40* * unofficial Arieiro Peak (Madeira) -3.9 Bica da Cana (Madeira) -9.5* * dubious Porto Santo (Madeira) 5 35 Santa Maria (Azores)4.8 30.7 Madalena (Azores) 32.1 Cerrado dos Bezerros (Azores) 0.3 26.5 Cha das Lagoinhas (Azores) -3.5 QATAR Doha Airport 3.8 50.4 Umm Said 3* 52.2* * very dubious ROMANIA Bucharest -32 41.6 Timisoara -35.3 41 Iasi -36.6 40.1 Cluj -34.2 38 Constanta -25 38.5 Galati -28.6 40.5 Ion Sion Farm (Ramnicelu)44.5 Varfu Omul -38 22.1 Bod -38.5 RUSSIA Moscow Observatory-42.2 38.2* * 39.7C was also recorded in the Bykovo Airport Station St.Petersburg -35.9 37.1 Nizhniy Novgorod -41.4 38.3 Kaliningrad -33.3 36.5 Archangelsk -45.2 34.4 Murmansk -39.4 32.9 Novosibirsk -51.1 40 Omnsk -49 40.4 Pechora -56 34.9 Ust'Schugor (Europe)-58.1 35 Sochi -13.4 39.4 Grozny (Chechnya) -31.5 41.4 Elista -34 42.9 Astrakhan -33 41 Alexandrov Gaj -39.9 43.8 Jaskul -36.1 44 Verhnij Baskuncak 45* * likely recorded with not proper instruments El'ton 45* * likely recorded with not proper instruments Utta 45.4* * unofficial,dubious Krasnoyarsk -52.8 36.5 Irkutsk -49.7 37.2 Verkhojansk -67.6* 37.3 * originally -69.8C, later corrected for overexposure of the instrument Oymyakon -67.7* 34.6 * an extrapolated data of -71.2C in 1926 is also on records Yakutzk -64.4 38.3 Vladivostok Airport -36 36 Vladivostok Port -31.4 33.6 Yuzhno-Kuril'ske -20.3 30.5 Belogorsk (Asia) -48 42.4 Ust Kara (Asia) 42.7 Golomjannyj Island-48.9 13 RWANDA Kigali 9 35.4 Butare 9.5 31.4 Ruasa 7 ST KITTS AND NEVIS Basseterre 17 35.1 La Guerite 16.1 34 Charlestown (Nevis) 18 32.7 ST LUCIA Castries 15.6 35.6 Soufriere 13.3* 36.1* * Soufriere old data was likely taken with not proper instruments Hewanorra Airport 17.4 33.3 ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES Kingstown Airport 18 35.6 Camden Park 35.6 Kingstown Downtown 16.7 33.9 SAMOA Apia 16.1 34.9 Alaufa 15.3 34.9 Asau 16.8 35.3 Afiamalu 11.1 29.2 SAN MARINO San Marino City -12.9 39.9 Serravalle -18 39.5 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE Sao Tome 13.3 36 Sto Antonio(Principe)15.6 33.4 Roca Mount Cafe 8.7 32.5 SAUDI ARABIA Ryad -7.2 48.9 Jeddah 9 52 Yenbo 6.3 49.5 Medina -1 49 Makkah 8 49.8 Abqaiq 51.7 Dhahran -0.5 51.1 Turaif -12.2 47 SENEGAL Dakar 10.7 42.7 Saint Louis 6 46.5 Matam 6.8 48.8 Podor 6.1 48 Linguere 5.4 47.7 Kaolak 7.9 46.6 Ziguinchor (Casam.) 7.8 45 Tambacounda 7.2 47.2 Diourbel 4.2 47.5 SERBIA Belgrade -26.2 43.6 Novi Sad -30.7 41.6 Kraljevo -27.1 44.3 Smederevska Palanka-32.6 44.9 Cuprija -28.4 44.6 Nis -23.7 44.2 Sjenica -38 35.6 Karajukica Bunari -39.5 Pristina (Kosovo) -26.3 40 Prizren (Kosovo) -23.4 42 Gnjilane (Kosovo) -32.5 SEYCHELLES Port Victoria 19.3 32.8 Rawinsonde Airport 19.6 34.1 Aldabra Atoll 17.5 36.3 SIERRA LEONE Freetown 15 37* * a questioned record of 38.6C was taken under not proper exposure conditions Bo 12 38.5 Makeni 9 39.4 Musaia 40* * suspicious, likely taken with not proper instruments Bunumbu 8.9 Yengema 6.1 39.4 SINGAPORE Singapore Downtown 18.9 36.1 Singapore Airport 19.4 36 SLOVAKIA Bratislava -36 38.6 Kosice -27 39 Komarno 39.8 Hurbanovo 40.3 Viglas Pstrus-Dolina -41 SLOVENIA Ljubljana -26.4 37.6 Kocevje -31.5 38 Murska Sobota -31 39.8 Maribor -25.8 38.8 Crnomelj 40.6 Babno-Polje -34.5* * unofficial temperature of -39.6C was recorded nearby in February 1929 Lepa Komna -49.1* * recorded in a frost hollow SOLOMON ISLANDS Honiara 16.6 36.1 Kira Kira 15.6* 35.7* * very dubious Tulaghi 36.1 SOMALIA Mogadishu 15 39.8 Kisimayo 18 37.8 Baidoa 16.1 38.9 Bosaso 45.2 Qardho 6 Berbera (Somaliland)14.4 47.8 Hargeysa (Somaliland)2.8 37 Erigavo (Somaliland)-3.3* 31 * dubious, like taken with not proper instruments SOUTH AFRICA Cape Town Observ. 1.4 40.9 Cape Town Wingfield-2.2 41.3 Pretoria City -6.1 38.2* * 38.4C were also recorded in the Hill Station in 1973 Pretoria Airport -1.4 37.9 Bloemfontein -12.2 39.3 Johannesburg -8.2 35.4 Durban 2.6 41.9 Port Elizabeth -0.5 40.7 Sutherland -16 35.5 Buffelsfontein -18.6 35 Vioolsdrif 48.8 Dunbrody 50* * dubious Marion Island -6.8 23.8 SOUTH KOREA Seoul -24.4 38.4 Incheon Airport -20.9 38.9 Pusan -15 36 Pyongjang-dong -29 37 Taegu -20.2 40 Cheju -5 36 Koryong -30.6 Yangpyong -32.6 SPAIN Madrid Observat. -12.5 44.3 Madrid Airport -14.8 42.2 Barcelona City -6.8* 37.4* * extremes of -10.0C and 39.8C were recorded at the Fabra Hill Observatory Barcelona Airport -8 37.3 Seville -5.8 47 La Coruna -3 39.6 Valencia -8 43.4 Grenada Airport -14.2 42.6 Malaga City -0.9 43.3 Leon -17.4 38.2 Bilbao City -8.6 43.8 Ibiza Island -3 36.6 Albacete Los Llanos -24 42.6 Murcia -6 47.8 Berja 50* * questioned Alhama 50* * questioned Huecija 49* * questioned Moratalla 49* * questioned Dona Ines 48* * questioned Gador 48* * questioned Isla Menor 49* * questioned Manzanares 48* * questioned Arahal 49* * unofficial Lora del Rio 48* * unofficial La Palma del Condado 48* * unofficial Totana 48* * unofficial Utrera 48* * unofficial Montoro 48* * unofficial Estany Gento -32 Ceuta 1.3 37 Monte Hacho (Ceuta)-0.4 38.5 Melilla -0.5 41.8 Sta Cruz de Tenerife(Canary)8.1 42.6 Gran Canaria AP (Canary) 6.5 44.2 Fuerteventura AP (Canary) 5.4 44 La Palma AP (Canary) 9.4 38.4 Lanzarote AP (Canary) 8 43.6 Hierro AP (Canary) 8 34.2 Barranco de Masca (Canary) 47.5 Izana (Canary) -9.8 30.4 Pico de la Teide (Canary) -16.8 25.8 Canada de la Grieta (Canary)-21* * unofficial SRI LANKA Colombo City 15.2 37 Batticaloa 17.1 39 Galle 17.1 36.4 Jaffna 16.2 38.7 Trincomalee 18.2 39.8 Anuradhapura 11.8 39.6 Vavuniya 10.5 40.1 Nuwara Eliya -2.7 27.7 SUDAN Khartoum 5.2 47.7 Port Sudan 10 48.6 Wadi Halfa 1 48.9 Abu Hamed 4.5 49.5 Dongola 2.7 49.7 Zalingei -1.2 42.7 El Fasher 0.6 46 Juba (Sout.Sudan) 11.1 43.8 Raga (Sout.Sudan) 5.9 43.9 Damazine(Sout.Sudan)8.5 47 SURINAME Paramaribo Airport 15.2 37.8 Placers L en F de Jong 17 39.3 Sipaliwini 14.8 SWAZILAND Mbabane -6.1 37.2 Manzini 0 42.5 Sidvokodvo (Dearn) 46.1 SWEDEN Stockholm Observ. -32 36 Stockholm Bromma -32.8 35.3 Goteborg -26.4 34.1 Malmo -28 34 Uppsala -39.5 37.4 Linkoping -32 34.6 Vasteras -36.5 36 Malilla -33.8 38 Ultuna 38 Karesuando -49* 32.5 * an unofficial reading of -54C was recorded in the churchyard of the town Pite -41.5 34.9 Nikkaluokta -49.4 28.5 Vuoggatjalme -52.6 Malgovik -53* * very questioned, recorded with private equipments Buttle (Gotland Is.)-32.8 35.2 Ekerum (Oland Is.) -29.2 Mossen (Oland Is.) 34.5 SWITZERLAND Bern -23.3 37 Geneva -19.9 38.5 Zurich Observat. -24.2 36* * a reading of 37.7C of 1947 have been corrected to 35.8C by Meteo Swiss Zurich Airport -24.8 37.1 Basel -24.1 38.6* * a reading of 39.0C of 1952 have been corrected by Meteo Swiss Roveredo 39.3 Grono -13 41.5* * faulty data, recorded with not proper instruments: highest estimated was 40C Lugano -14 37.1* * a reading of 38.0C of 1945 have been discounted by Meteo Swiss Saentis -32 21 Jungfraujock -35.8 12.7 La Brevine -41.8 33.7 Glattalp -52.5* * unofficial,recorded in a hollow frost SYRIA Damascus Airport -13.5 45.8 Aleppo -12.8* 47 * a dubious -18C also recorded in January 1950 Palmyra -10.4 48.3 Deir El Zor -10.4 47.8 Abukmal 49 Hassakah -11 49.4 Tel Abiadh -16.5 46.1 Sirghaya -18.5 Tel Tamer -22* * dubious TAIWAN Taipei -0.2 38.8 Taitong 7.4 39.7 Chenggong 40.2 Taichung -1 39.3 Alishan -11.5 25.5 Yushan North Peak -18.4 TAJIKISTAN Dushanbe -29 44 Khorog -32 38.2 Murghob -47 33 Shaymak -51.6 27 Eastern Pamir -63* * unofficial Aivadj 47 Nizhniy Pyandzh -27 48* * dubious TANZANIA Dar es Salaam Air. 12.8 35.9 Dodoma 7.6 36.7 Tanga 15.5 35.2 Mbeya -2 32 Shume (Neu Hornow) -2.1 Moshi 8 38.9 Kilimanjaro Airport 6 38.7 Kisauni (Zanzibar) 16 39.4 Wete (Pemba) 15.6 Mount Kilimanjaro -22* * unofficial THAILAND Bangkok 9.9 40.8 Pattaya 14.6 37.3 Phuket Town 16.9 37.8 Koh Samui 18.6 36.5 Surat Thani 12.4 39.8 Narathiwat 17.1 39 Chiang Mai 3.7 42.4 Chiang Rai 1 41.3 Udon Thani 2.5 43.9 Ubon Ratchathani 7.6 42.4 Sakon Nakhon -1.4 42.3 Dan Sai -1.5 Uttaradit 4.5 44.5 Doi Inthanon -8 Mt.Luang Chiang Dao -9* * unofficial TIMOR LESTE Dili 11.8 36.6 Bazar-Tete 16 36 Viqueque 12 38 Baucau 38* * dubious Bobonaro 38* * dubious Barique 39* * dubious Liquica 41.1* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Aileu 8.3 Hato Builico 1 25 TOGO Lome 14.3 37.6 Sokode 10 41.2 Mango 10 43.4 Palime 9.8 TONGA Nuku'Alofa 10 33.1 Fuaamotu 8.7 34 Keppel Island 11.1 34.6 Vava'u 14.1 35 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Port of Spain 15.6 36.5 Tobago Airport 18.5 34 Chaguaramas 37.8* * unofficial, questioned Penal 15 TUNISIA Tunis -3.8 48 Bizerte -2 47.7 Djerba 0 48 El Borma 50.1 Burj al-Hattabah -9 TURKEY Ankara Downtown -24.9 40 Ankara Airport -31.2 41.2 Istanbul -16.1 40.5 Izmir -11.1 43.2 Edirne (Europe) -22.2 44.1 Luleburgaz (Europe)-24.2 Erzurum -40 36.2 Antalya -7.7 45.2 Diyarbakyr -24.2 46.2 Sanliurfa -12.4 46.8 Dalaman 48.5 Cizre 48.6 Agri (Karakose) -45.6 TURKMENISTAN Ashkabad -28 46.7* * unofficial reading of 48C also recorded Krasnovodsk -21.9 44.7 Repetek Reserve -31 50.1 Kerki 51.7* * unofficial, dubious Kushka -33.8 45.5 Chesme -35 49 TUVALU Funafuti 20 34.4 Niulakita 20 34.6 Nui 19.5* 35.2 * suspicious UGANDA Kampala 10 36.2 Kabale 2.8 30 Arua 10 38 Kitgum 39.4 Soroti 40.1* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Rwenzori Range -7.7* * unofficial UKRAINE Kyiv -32.9 39.4 Simferopol -25.2* 39.5 * a record of -30.2C in February 1911 was recorded in other city station Yalta -17.8 39.1 Odessa -29 39.3 Kherson -32.2 41 Voznesensk -29.7 41.3 Lukhansk -41.9 42 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Abu Dhabi 5.4 49.2 Sharjah 2.5 49.2 Dubai 7.4 47.5 Ras al Khaimah 4.4 48.8 Fujairah 10.8 50.2 Liwa 50.3 Al Jazeera 1.3 52.1 Rakhna -1 49.9 Jabal Jais -2.7 36.5 Ra'alat al-Jees -5* * unofficial UNITED KINGDOM Greater London -18.8* 38.1 * - 21.1C also recorded in December 1796 and January 1795 London Greenwich -16.1 37.5 Birmingham -20.8 34.9 Liverpool -14 35 Manchester -17.8* 33.9 * temperatures as low as -24C were recorded during the XVIII century Aberdeen -19.3 30 Glasgow -18.7 31.1 Edinburgh -17.4 31.4 Cardiff -16.7 34.5 Belfast -12.8 30.8* * recorded at Shaw's Bridge Lossiemouth -27 31 Blackadder -31* * unofficial and questioned reading recorded in December 1879 Brogdale (England) 38.5* * questioned Hawarden Bridge (Wales) 35.2 Greycrook (Scotland) 32.9 Knockarevan (N.Ireland) 30.8 Newport (England) -26.1 Braemar (Scotland) -27.2 Altnaharra (Scotland) -27.2 Rhyader (Wales) -23.3 Magherally (N.Ireland) -17.5 Edenfel (N.Ireland) -19.4* * unofficial, recorded under not standard exposure conditions Jersey St Louis -10.3 36 Jersey Airport -10.9 35 St.Aubin (Jersey) -11 Guernsey Airport -7.2 34.3 Saint Peter (Guernsey)-8.4 Isle of Man Airport -9.1 28.9 Douglas (Isle of Man)-11.7 Kirkwall (Orkney) -7.8 25.6 Lerwick (Shetland) -8.9 21.9 Stornoway (Hebridean)-12.2 26.3 St.Mary's (Scilly Is.) -7 27.8 Gibraltar -2.9 40.6 Hamilton (Bermuda) 6.1 34.9 Fort George (Bermuda) 5 Prospect (Bermuda) 3.9* * unofficial, questioned Plymouth (Montserrat) 16.7* 36.1* * extreme temperatures of 15.0C and 36.7C were likely taken under not proper conditions Grand Turk (Turks C.) 15.6 36 Owens Roberts AP(Cayman I.)11.1 34.7 West Bay (Cayman I.) 11.2 34.9 Georgetown Crewe Road(Cayman I.) 35.7* * unofficial, recorded with a private equipment The Valley (Anguilla) 17.9 33.6 Tortola (Virgin Is.) 15.6 35.6 Stanley (Falkland I.)-11.1 26.1 Mount Pleasant (Falkland I.)-10.4 29.2 Pebble Island (Falkland I.) -4.4 20.4 Sea Lion Island (Falkland I.)-8.7 19.9 Weddell Island (Falkland I.) -7.2 21.6 Grytviken (South Georgia) -19.4 23.5 King Edward Point (S.Georgia)-18.9 26.3 South Thule Isl.(S.Georgia) -29.8 15.1 Bird Island (S.Georgia) -11.4 11.2 Jamestown (St Helena) 14.4 33.9 Mount Actaeton (St Helena)8 Wide Awake F.(Ascension)19 32.5 Georgetwon (Ascension) 20 34.9 Residency (Ascension) 14.5 30.8 Tristan da Cunha Is. 2.4 27.6 Gough Island -2.7 28.6 Diego Garcia Island 18.3 37.2 Adamstown (Pitcairn) 10 29.9 Henderson Isl.(Pitcairn) 35 URUGUAY Montevideo -5.6 42.8 Salto -5.3 42.2 Rocha -5.8 41.5 Artigas -5.2 42 Mercedes -8 42.8* * a dubious 44C was also recorded in 1917 Rivera -5 41.5* * a record of 44.0C in 1953 was likely taken with not proper instruments Paysandu -7.4 44 Melo -11 42.8 UZBEKISTAN Tashkent -29.5 44.6 Termez -19.7 47 Tamdy -30.1 48.4 Samarkand -25.4 42.4 Kulkuduk -37 47 Mashikuduk 49.7 Karakalpakiya -39.8 46 VANUATU Port Vila Airport 8.5 36.2 VATICAN CITY* -8.2 40.1 * data from the nearby Collegio Romano station is used VENEZUELA Caracas Downtown 7.1 35.3 Caracas Airport 16.1 37.1 Maracaibo 18 41 Ciudad Bolivar 17.7 40.4 Coro 18* 40.5* * old records of 16.0C and 41.6C were likely affected by overexposure Porlamar (Margarita Is.)17 39 Maracay 10.8 38.5 Merida 9 33.2 Mucubaji -8 22 Mifafi Valley -11* * unofficial VIETNAM Hanoi 2.7 40.4* * an old record of 42.8C at the Gia Lam Airport was taken under not standard exposure conditions Ho Chi Min City 13.8 39.4* * an old record of 41.7C was taken with not proper instruments Vinh 4 40.7 Da Nang 7.2 40 Tay Hieu 43* * questioned Quy Chau 42.5 Tuong Duong 42.7 Na Thrang 14.6 39.5 Sa Pa -3.2 33 Trung Khanh -3 Hoang Lien Son -5.7 24.9 Truong Sa (Spratly)17.4 35.8 YEMEN Sanaa -5.8 34.4 Aden 14.1 43.3 Ryan 13.8 43.9 Seiyoun 46.3 Socotra Island 17 42 ZAMBIA Lusaka 1.1 39.6 Livingstone -3.7 41.1 Mfuwe 42.3 Sesheke -7.1 Nalisa -8 ZIMBABWE Harare -1.2 35.3 Bulawayo -4 38 Beitbridge -1.1 45.6 Kariba 45.6* * very dubious Matopos -9.5 ANTARCTICA Vostok -89.2 -12.2 Amundsen-Scott -82.8 -13.6 Mc Murdo -50.6 13.4 Base Orcadas -44 15.2 Base Marambio -38.3 16.5 Base Esperanza -32.6 15.9 Base San Martin -47 15 Base Belgrano -54 12.1 Luis Carvjal -44 9 Syowa -45.3 10 Vanda Station 15 Mawson -36 10.6 Casey -41 9.2 Davis -41.8 13 Byrd Camp -63.3 5 Signy Island -39.3 19.8 MARS Viking Lander 2 -107 Viking Lander 1 -17.2
-Some old data with not decimal points could have been rounded.
-For some localities ,records have been merged from different stations when there are no significative microclimatic differences. If there are microclimatic differences, data have been separated.
-Data have been checked by daily and hourly (synops/metars) basis for every station, in most cases with extensive quality controls,weather maps, satellite maps, etc.... The best effort has been made during several years of data checking, to remove all faulty records and to include all genuine records recorded in any reliable station. This has been possible with several billion data checked with the help of hundreds of specialists, climatologists, observatories's staff and with the help of National Institutes of Meteorology of over 150 countries.
-In the case of doubt, please contact the editor.
-Many people have helped me by providing information and data for my site. I would like to thank some of them (sorry if i forget somebody, there are really dozens of people who helped me!). Let me know if i missed to include your name in the following list:
Tomi Eronen, Roland Bert, Bob McDavitt, Tucker Barnes, Natalija Curic, Luis Felipe Miguel, Gustavo Zago Basilio, Philippe Rouzaut, Simone Pietrosanti, Giuseppe Caridi, Francisco (of meteored.com), Ross Marsden, Doug McGuinn, Willy De Taddeo, Karel Zverina, Jan Isler, Horacio y Agur (from Bilbao), Ivan Jaramillo, Adam Shaheen, Antonio Joyette, Christopher Burt, Luca Rao, Fiorentino Marco Lubelli, Garth Simpson, Coleen de Villiers, Wang Zhiyong, Ismael Marin, Enzo Giudice, Graham Pearce, Massimiliano Simola, Stefano Zerauschek, Joe Meilak, Wendy (from Pretoria), David Shohami, Ernesto de Lara, Massimo Aceti, Stefano Di Battista, Franco Lopes, Jose Angel Nunez, Marina Zuccoli, Ron Anderson, Witold Mizerski, Andre Eid, Alessandro Mandelli, Raul Rodas, Riedner (from Zambia), Musoni Didace, Rosa Maria Araujo, An Willems, Malehloa (from Lesotho), Pierluigi Randi, B.Pathak (from Mauritius), Pavel Stastny, Bernard Duguay, Kreso Pandzic, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research of New Zealand, Kevin Mc Gill, Howard Rainford, Brandt Maxwell, Joel Caceres, Stuart Burgess, James of the Customer Centre of British Met Office, Harve Beller, Mr.Le Chatran, Radim Tolasz, Martin Rowley, Anthony Pallot, Sam Giloi, Meteorological Services of Andalucia Occidental (Spain), T.C. Lee, Jeff Taylor, Juan Abel Miranda, Leonel Alvarez, Judith Ley Garcia, P.Goolaup, Enrique Davalos Gonzalez, Martin Gustincic, Adams Chavula, Brian Kolts, Sheryl LeBlanc, Thomas Auguste, Alan Olson, Mercedes Bullon Fernandez, Taiwan Meteorological Services, Mark Mc Laughlin, Ahmad Zaki Mohamad Saad, Seccion Climatologia del CMT Canarias Oriental, Anahit Hovsepyan, Sverker Hellstrom, Steve Donahue, Gloria Leon, Cayman Met.Service, Susan Watler, Anselmi Elddy, Manel Cascante Torrella, Halina Lorenc, Stelios Pashiardis, Leandro (from Brazil), Vesselin Alexandrov, Peter Ivanov, Boniface (from Zambia), Kate Strachan, Ismail Gizouli, Willis Mills, Liri Mucaj, Lori-Rae Alleyne, Mariano Gutierrez, John Nicolaou, Inger Marie Nordin, Muhammad Ibrahim, Bruno Renon, Renato Sansone, Simone Lussardi, Nicholas (from Mumbai), Alioune Diagne, Hassab El Dayem, Rikke Sjolin Thomsen, Abdus Salam, Rog (from Madeira), Steven Colwell, Andrew Tait, Mercy (from Vanuatu), Joan Self, Fred Burton, Charlotte McBride, Muwaffaq Freiwan, Dave Connell, Reha Yucememis, Aydin Bektas, Lukasz Szoldra, Torny Axell, Alesch Claude, Espen Ronneberg, Laurier Williams, Lesley (from Australia), Laura Aldeco, Rafat Assi, Ms Smith (from Belize), Ricardo Sanz, Ricardo Herrera Jimenez, Rick Ediger, Adam Macia, Miguel Omar Chavez Marquez, Zeljko Majstorovic, Nicola Del Core, Pamela Turchiarulo, Rajesh Kapadia, Piotr Djakow, Matteo Vinattieri, Romulo Vega Gonzalez, Philip Malsale, Khalid Ibrahim El Fadli, Moustapha Fleyfel, Ion Marinica, Noreen Brennan, Mark Beswick, Heba Al-Fadhel, Nawaf Ahmed Foud, Mohammed Riyaz, Marko Espinoza, Abdualimov (from Tajikistan).
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