Billions of dollars in aid are flowing to developing countries to confront HIV/AIDS but relatively little is known yet about the effectiveness of this aid. The HIV/AIDS Monitor is designed to help fill this knowledge gap by tracking and analyzing key features of the way aid for HIV/AIDS is allocated and disbursed, while identifying lessons relevant to broader questions about the effectiveness of development assistance.
The analysis centers on the three major HIV/AIDS aid initiatives: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); and the World Bank's Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Program (MAP). Despite a common commitment to fighting the epidemic, each donor implements programs in different ways with different targets. Based on global-level analysis and case studies from three African nations, the HIV/AIDS Monitor hopes to contribute to improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of the major aid initiatives. For more information on the HIV/AIDS Monitor project please refer to our Concept Note (PDF).
Projects in Progress
Country-Level Studies on:
Analysis on how HIV/AIDS funding works for women and OVCs
Relationship between funding and performance
Relationship of HIV/AIDS and reproductive health programs
Impact on labor market for health care workers and managerial talent
Global-Level Studies on:
Monitoring and Evaluation
The Relationship Between Funding and Performance
Background Paper assessing the ARV supply chain
Donor Gender Policies
Influence on Policy
The HIV/AIDS Monitor has been tracking the policy changes among PEPFAR, the Global Fund, and the MAP related to the recommendations that have come out of our research. Explore these changes using our interactive Flash tool.
For the past decade, global AIDS donors have responded to HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa as an emergency and have mobilized health workers from weak and understaffed workforces. They must begin to address the long-term problems underlying the shortages and the effects of their efforts on the...
My guest this week is Nandini Oomman, director of the Center for Global Development’s HIV/AIDS Monitor. Her team has just released a new report, Zeroing In: AIDS Donors and Africa’s Health Workforce, which looks at how AIDS programs could be better designed to strengthen the capacity of nurses...
This report focuses on the workforce strengthening strategies of three of the major HIV/AIDS donors—the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund), and the World Bank’s Africa Multi-country HIV/AIDS...
The concept of country ownership has become increasingly visible in donor policy and strategy, yet definitions vary and there is little clarity and great diversity in how this concept is articulated and practiced by donor and recipient countries. Health experts from Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda and...
How can we stem the tide of the HIV epidemic? The impressive scale up of international spending on HIV treatment has led to significant declines in morbidity and mortality from HIV/AIDS. However, as these impressive gains have gone unmatched by corresponding decreases in the incidence of new...
Even as the cost of treating HIV/AIDS has fallen dramatically, the number of people newly infected has remained high. What can be done to reverse this trend and finally defeat this disease? This week on the Wonkcast, I’m joined by Mead Over, a senior fellow here at the Center for Global...
The "Mukta" (meaning "Freedom") Project, as it is locally known, is an initiative of Pathfinder International, a partner of the Gates Foundation/Avahan Project in India. Pathfinder International works in 10 districts of Maharashtra state in India to reduce the prevalence of STIs and HIV/AIDS among...
Billions of dollars have been allocated to fight HIV/AIDS in poor countries over the past decade, yet less than half of those requiring treatment receive it, and for every two people put on treatment, five more become newly infected. Economic pressures and competing global health priorities are...
Billions of dollars have been allocated to fight HIV/AIDS in poor countries over the past decade, yet less than half of those requiring treatment receive it, and for every two people put on treatment, five more become infected. Donors have to do more with available funds. Now is the time to link...
This report examines the use of performance-based funding (PBF) among the big three funders of HIV/AIDS programs in developing countries: the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria, and the World Bank’s Multi-Country...
Director of the Center for Public Leadership at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, editor-at-large at U.S. News & World Report, and a senior political analyst for CNN, David Gergen joined CGD president Nancy Birdsall, and CGD senior fellows who authored essays in our...
This report focuses on the workforce strengthening strategies of three of the major HIV/AIDS donors—the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund), and the World Bank’s Africa Multi-country HIV/AIDS...
For the past decade, global AIDS donors have responded to HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa as an emergency and have mobilized health workers from weak and understaffed workforces. They must begin to address the long-term problems underlying the shortages and the effects of their efforts on the...
Zimbabwe has experienced a precipitous collapse in its economy over the past five years. The government blames its economic problems on external forces and drought. We assess these claims, but find that the economic crisis has cost the government far more in key budget resources than has the donor...
Donor funding for HIV/AIDS has skyrocketed in the last decade: from US$ 300 million in 1996 to US$ 8.9 billion in 2006. Yet, surprisingly little is known about how this money is spent. Following the Funding for HIV/AIDS, by CGD's HIV/AIDS Monitor team, analyzes the policies and practices of the...
Millions Saved: Proven Success in Global Health is about part of that success story: 17 cases in which large-scale efforts to improve health in developing countries have succeeded - saving millions of lives and preserving the livelihoods and social fabric of entire communities.
Making Markets for Vaccines: Ideas to Action presents the proposal from theory to practice, by showing how a commitment can be consistent with ordinary legal and budgetary principles. A draft contract term sheet is included, highlighting the key elements of a credible guarantee.
This report examines the use of performance-based funding (PBF) among the big three funders of HIV/AIDS programs in developing countries: the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria, and the World Bank’s Multi-Country...
U.S. global AIDS spending is helping to prolong the lives of more than a million people, yet this success contains the seeds of a future crisis. Escalating treatment costs coupled with neglected prevention measures mean that AIDS spending is growing so rapidly that it threatens to squeeze out U.S....
The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is the single largest funder of global AIDS relief programs, but it does not regularly release data on how its money is spent. In this report, CGD's HIV/AIDS Monitor Team analyzes a newly available dataset of PEPFAR funding. They find, among...
James Habyarimana joined the center in September 2004 just after completing his doctoral studies in development economics at Harvard University. His main research in graduate school touched on the role of public finance in improving educational outcomes in Zambia, the disease environment as a...
Nandini Oomman, Director, HIV/AIDS Monitor, and Senior Program Associate
Nandini Oomman is the director of the HIV/AIDS Monitor, which tracks the effectiveness of the three main aid responses to the epidemic: PEPFAR, the Global Fund, and the HIV/AIDS programs of the World Bank. She has more than 15 years of policy, programmatic, and public health research experience,...
Mead Over applies economics and statistics in the search for more effective, efficient, and pro-poor health policies in developing countries. Among other topics, he is currently searching for paths the world might take towards a future in which AIDS will no longer be an important part of either...
For the past decade, global AIDS donors have responded to HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa as an emergency and have mobilized health workers from weak and understaffed workforces. They must begin to address the long-term problems underlying the shortages and the effects of their efforts on the...
This report focuses on the workforce strengthening strategies of three of the major HIV/AIDS donors—the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund), and the World Bank’s Africa Multi-country HIV/AIDS...
Billions of dollars have been allocated to fight HIV/AIDS in poor countries over the past decade, yet less than half of those requiring treatment receive it, and for every two people put on treatment, five more become infected. Donors have to do more with available funds. Now is the time to link...
This report examines the use of performance-based funding (PBF) among the big three funders of HIV/AIDS programs in developing countries: the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria, and the World Bank’s Multi-Country...
Few people doubt that gender inequality influences the spread of HIV/AIDS, yet public health efforts tend to focus on changing individual behavior rather than addressing structural factors—social, economic, physical and political—that influence the spread and effects of HIV and AIDS. ...
Gender inequality drives the HIV epidemic, increasing the burden on women and girls and undermining the global response to the disease. A new HIV/AIDS Monitor report finds that despite well-meaning language and admirable broad goals, three of the biggest HIV/AIDS funders have yet to translate...
This dataset compiles selected global variables on AIDS and its treatment and prevention. The data are in the format developed by the Stata statistical software corporation and are intended for use with Over and McCarthy's AIDSCost package for the purpose of projecting the future budgetary cost of...
CGD senior fellow Mead Over and Owen McCarthy offer a users' manual and Stata software to help students and instructors of public health, development economics, or health economics to project the future budgetary cost of AIDS treatment in poor countries and to explore the many factors affecting the...
Senior fellow Mead Over estimates the effect of AIDS on poverty in South Asia and analyzes public policy options to help the region’s predominantly private health care systems meet the challenge of treating AIDS. He finds that South Asian governments should play a larger role in AIDS treatment...
Nandini Oomman, director of CGD's HIV/AIDS Monitor, calls on President-elect Obama to push PEPFAR (the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief)to release official data on obligations to prime partners, subpartners, and program areas to improve transparency and accountability.
Donors spend billions of dollars to fight HIV/AIDS in developing countries, but poor integration between donors and host country health systems risks undermining international efforts to prevent and treat AIDS. In this analysis, CGD’s HIV/AIDS Monitor argues that donors need to pay more...
U.S. global AIDS spending is helping to prolong the lives of more than a million people, yet this success contains the seeds of a future crisis. Escalating treatment costs coupled with neglected prevention measures mean that AIDS spending is growing so rapidly that it threatens to squeeze out U.S....
The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is the single largest funder of global AIDS relief programs, but it does not regularly release data on how its money is spent. In this report, CGD's HIV/AIDS Monitor Team analyzes a newly available dataset of PEPFAR funding. They find, among...
The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) provides more than $5 billion per year to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. Exactly how is that money spent? Donors, recipients, and even PEPFAR staff are often left guessing, because much of the extensive data the U.S. government collects on the...
Donor funding for HIV/AIDS has skyrocketed in the last decade: from US$ 300 million in 1996 to US$ 8.9 billion in 2006. Yet, surprisingly little is known about how this money is spent. Following the Funding for HIV/AIDS, by CGD's HIV/AIDS Monitor team, analyzes the policies and practices of the...
In response to both public health imperative and unprecedented political pressure, aid to fight HIV/AIDS has increased massively in recent years: global funding to combat the disease in low- and middle-income countries has more than tripled since 2001, from $2.1 billion to an estimated $8.9 billion...
In its first four years, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has become one of the most important aid agencies in the world. As the Global Fund undergoes its first leadership transition, this CGD Working Group Report identifies seven tasks for the new Executive Director,...
HIV/AIDS is one of the largest challenges facing the global community. The disease has reduced life expectancy by more than a decade in the hardest hit countries and slashed productivity, making it even harder for poor countries to escape poverty. Global HIV/AIDS and the Developing World, a CGD...
Zimbabwe has experienced a precipitous collapse in its economy over the past five years. The government blames its economic problems on external forces and drought. We assess these claims, but find that the economic crisis has cost the government far more in key budget resources than has the donor...
After decades of neglect the HIV/AIDS epidemic has rightly become one of the highest priorities on the global agenda. Funding pledges from the donors have doubled resource commitments between 2002 and 2004 to over $6 billion. That surge in funding belies the volatile nature of contributions to...
New medicines are usually financed by a mixture of public funding by governments, philanthropic giving, and investment by private firms. Private investment is especially important in paying for and managing the later stages of clinical trials, regulatory approval, and investment in manufacturing...
Making Markets for Vaccines: Ideas to Action presents the proposal from theory to practice, by showing how a commitment can be consistent with ordinary legal and budgetary principles. A draft contract term sheet is included, highlighting the key elements of a credible guarantee.
Millions Saved: Proven Success in Global Health is about part of that success story: 17 cases in which large-scale efforts to improve health in developing countries have succeeded - saving millions of lives and preserving the livelihoods and social fabric of entire communities.
This Brief is based on the CGD book Millions Saved: Proven Successes in Global Health. The book book features 17 success stories. These cases describe some large-scale efforts to improve health in developing countries that have succeeded - saving millions of lives and preserving the livelihoods...
This paper outlines the likely effects of the AIDS pandemic in Africa on the continent's ability to produce education and use it effectively for growth and poverty reduction.
The concept of country ownership has become increasingly visible in donor policy and strategy, yet definitions vary and there is little clarity and great diversity in how this concept is articulated and practiced by donor and recipient countries. Health experts from Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda and...
How can we stem the tide of the HIV epidemic? The impressive scale up of international spending on HIV treatment has led to significant declines in morbidity and mortality from HIV/AIDS. However, as these impressive gains have gone unmatched by corresponding decreases in the incidence of new...
The "Mukta" (meaning "Freedom") Project, as it is locally known, is an initiative of Pathfinder International, a partner of the Gates Foundation/Avahan Project in India. Pathfinder International works in 10 districts of Maharashtra state in India to reduce the prevalence of STIs and HIV/AIDS among...
Billions of dollars have been allocated to fight HIV/AIDS in poor countries over the past decade, yet less than half of those requiring treatment receive it, and for every two people put on treatment, five more become newly infected. Economic pressures and competing global health priorities are...
Haitian girls and young women living in Port-au-Prince are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection, with a much higher HIV prevalence than the general population. Since the early 1980s, the Haitian Study Group on Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO) has provided care for...
Today in sub-Saharan Africa, 61 percent of all people infected with HIV are women, and women age 15-24 are the most vulnerable to infection. Women and girls are at greater risk of HIV infection in part due to power imbalances between women and men that limit the social and economic choices that...
Please join us for a discussion with Dr. Alan Whiteside, where he will examine the origins of AIDS exceptionalism and how it has helped and hindered our response to the epidemic. Whiteside will ask if exceptionalism is still a useful concept in light of our current knowledge about the epidemic, the...
Abstract: HIV is a significant problem in sub-Saharan Africa and while many types of HIV prevention strategies have been adopted, there has been limited success with affecting behavior change. One recent potential HIV prevention strategy is male circumcision. Recent randomized control trials in...
Abstract: Health systems in Mozambique, Uganda and Zambia--as in other African countries--face major challenges that have hampered the provision of health services for decades. But in recent years they have received renewed attention, as large sums of AIDS money flow into the countries from global...
On Thursday, May 8th we will be joined by Steve Rosenzweig, Program Coordinator for the HIV/AIDS Monitor at the Center for Global Development. Rosenzweig will discuss his recent trip to Uganda, where he coordinated a workshop with the Monitor's African research partners from Mozambique, Zambia, and...
How do AIDS donors provide money to countries affected by AIDS? Who receives this funding, and how is it spent? Is funding disbursed quickly and predictably? Does it build capacity? In a new paper from the HIV/AIDS Monitor, Nandini Oomman, Michael Bernstein and Steven Rosenzweig address these...
An innovative model for fighting HIV/AIDS in Africa is being piloted in Botswana through a public-private partnership involving the Government of Botswana, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Merck & Co., Inc. The partnership is intended to help Botswana achieve an "AIDS-Free Generation by...
Five European AIDS ambassadors will discuss lessons learned from global AIDS programs, and opportunities and challenges for European-U.S. collaboration. After their opening presentations, the ambassadors will join audience members in breakout groups on: 1) HIV prevention, 2) Gender and HIV/AIDS,...
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is at an important juncture as Richard Feachem completes his tenure as the first executive director and the Global Fund evolves from an innovative start-up to a mature organization. What are the most critical challenges in this new phase? How...
Thailand and the United States began negotiating a free trade agreement in 2004. Although negotiations are now stalled, the latest version of the FTA would restrict Thailand's ability to produce or import generic AIDS drugs. Limpananont argues that these restrictions could have a significant...
Gender inequality is a widely recognized problem across the world. Its effects can often be deadly, a fact most evident in the greater vulnerability of girls and women to HIV/AIDS. UN Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa, Stephen Lewis, will argue that a new UN agency for women is necessary to...
CGD and Friends of the Global Fight co-hosted this panel discussion on the World Bank and Global Fund HIV/AIDS programs. Speakers included Christoph Benn, Director of External Relations, Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; Jonathan Brown, Operations Advisor, Global HIV/AIDS...
CGD hosted a panel discussion on HIV/AIDS and evaluation. Speakers included Martha Ainsworth, World Bank; Ruth Levine, Center for Global Development; Michele Orza, Institute of Medicine; and Cyril Pervilhac, World Health Organization.
Bekezela Mbakile, director of the Debswana HIV/AIDS program spoke about the development and implementation for the HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programs.
CGD hosted a panel discussion among African ministers of finance, members of the policy and advocacy communities, and senior IMF and World Bank officials on barriers to the disbursement of funds for the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa, offering timely insight into a fiercely controversial set of issues.
On February 15, 2005 CGD hosted the conference, Fighting AIDS, TB, and Malaria: Innovations and Challenges, that brought together leaders from the World Bank, The Global Fund, and the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The conference addressed the challenges associated with...
Shantayanan Devarajan, Chief Economist for South Asia Region at the World Bank presented his paper, The Long-Run Economic Costs of AIDS: New Results for Kenya. The paper discusses the loss in human capital due to HIV/AIDS.
Steven Radelet, Senior Fellow, Center for Global Development, presented the results of his analysis of the Global Fund, examining the Fund’s unique structure as a foreign aid institution, its progress to date, and the major challenges it faces going forward.
My guest this week is Nandini Oomman, director of the Center for Global Development’s HIV/AIDS Monitor. Her team has just released a new report, Zeroing In: AIDS Donors and Africa’s Health Workforce, which looks at how AIDS programs could be better designed to strengthen the capacity of nurses...
Even as the cost of treating HIV/AIDS has fallen dramatically, the number of people newly infected has remained high. What can be done to reverse this trend and finally defeat this disease? This week on the Wonkcast, I’m joined by Mead Over, a senior fellow here at the Center for Global...
At a recent launch event for a new report Beyond Gender as Usual: How HIV/AIDS Donors Can Do More for Women and Girls released by the Center for Global Development and the International Center for Research on Women, director of CGD's HIV/AIDS Monitor Nandini Oomman and HIV/AIDS scientist Kim...
In a presentation delivered at NYU's Aid Watch Conference, CGD president Nancy Birdsall, in a session on accountabilty, spoke about Cash on Delivery Aid, a way for donors to transfer money that could make aid-dependent governments accountable for outcomes to their citizens -- instead of for inputs...
Director of the Center for Public Leadership at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, editor-at-large at U.S. News & World Report, and a senior political analyst for CNN, David Gergen joined CGD president Nancy Birdsall, and CGD senior fellows who authored essays in our...
In this video, CGD senior program associate and director of the HIV/AIDS Monitor Nandini Oomman describes her recent finding from the Seizing the Opportunity on AIDS and Health Systems report and outline Monitors future goals.
CGD’s HIV/AIDS program works with principle investigators in Uganda, Tanzania, and Mozambique. In this video, Dirce Costa, CGD’s principle investigator in Mozambique describes her research.
CGD’s HIV/AIDS program works with principle investigators in Uganda, Tanzania, and Mozambique. In this video, Caesar Cheelo, CGD’s principle investigator in Zambia describes his research.
CGD’s HIV/AIDS program works with principle investigators in Uganda, Tanzania, and Mozambique. In this video, Freddie Ssengooba, CGD’s principle investigator in Uganda describes his research.
Center for Global Development senior program associate and director of the HIV/AIDS Monitor Nandini Oomman discusses HIV/AIDS funding by the world's largest AIDS funders – PEPFAR, the Global Fund, and the World Bank.
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