Though growth is necessary for development, not all growth benefits the poor. CGD’s work on this topic includes exploring strategies to ensure that economic growth is “pro-poor” and that donor organizations and government agencies encourage broad-based, pro-poor growth.
Though growth is necessary for development, not all growth benefits the poor. CGD’s work on this topic includes exploring strategies to ensure that economic growth is “pro-poor” and that donor organizations and government agencies encourage broad-based, pro-poor growth.
Other work contributes to and supplements research on economic growth, including research on encouraging innovative private investment, expanding access to financial services, and reducing global inequality.
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Debt crises in Europe, sluggish growth in the United States, and an overvalued Chinese currency could all spell trouble for developing countries. CGD senior fellow Liliana Rojas-Suarez unpacks three big financial-sector risks for 2011.
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Todd Moss proposes that countries seeking to manage new natural resource wealth should consider distributing income directly to citizens as cash transfers. Beyond serving as a powerful and proven policy intervention, cash transfers may also mitigate the corrosive effect natural resource revenue...
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In this report John Simon and Julia Barmier assess past and current efforts to indicate whether direct development investment is worth promoting as a matter of public policy.
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In this note, CGD fellow Kimberly Ann Elliott discusses how flexible rules of origin can improve trade for the least developed countries.
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In this brief Kimberly Ann Elliott discusses the two main priorities the Obama administration should focus on in order to revive the AGOA program and expand its benefits.
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This essay explores how demographic factors affect infrastructure and the choices policymakers should make concerning infrastructure development.
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Since 1995, 17 African countries have defied expectations and have launched a remarkable, if little-noticed, turnaround. Emerging Africa describes this revitalization and why it is likely to continue.
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In this essay Steven Radelet explains how since the mid 1990s seventeen Sub-Saharan African states have transcended the conflict and dictatorships of decades past to establish themselves as burgeoning world states. Approaching the discussion by delineating between cultural differences across the...
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In this working paper, the authors introduce an MDG Progress Index to assess how on or off track countries are toward MDG targets.
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This paper argues for approaches that increase public understanding of the need for prudent spending of oil revenues in booms, and for comprehensive consideration of a range of options for using rents. Drawing on the experience of a few successful countries, it points to a number of common factors...
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Since 1995, 17 African countries have defied expectations and have launched a remarkable, if little-noticed, turnaround. Emerging Africa describes this revitalization and why it is likely to continue.
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In this report John Simon and Julia Barmier assess past and current efforts to indicate whether direct development investment is worth promoting as a matter of public policy.
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In this essay Steven Radelet explains how since the mid 1990s seventeen Sub-Saharan African states have transcended the conflict and dictatorships of decades past to establish themselves as burgeoning world states. Approaching the discussion by delineating between cultural differences across the...
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In this working paper, the authors introduce an MDG Progress Index to assess how on or off track countries are toward MDG targets.
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Director of the Center for Public Leadership at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, editor-at-large at U.S. News & World Report, and a senior political analyst for CNN, David Gergen joined CGD president Nancy Birdsall, and CGD senior fellows who authored essays in our...
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The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President shows how modest changes in U.S. policies could greatly improve the lives of poor people in developing countries, thus fostering greater stability, security, and prosperity globally and at home. Center for Global...
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This essay explores how demographic factors affect infrastructure and the choices policymakers should make concerning infrastructure development.
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In this note, CGD fellow Kimberly Ann Elliott discusses how flexible rules of origin can improve trade for the least developed countries.
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Debt crises in Europe, sluggish growth in the United States, and an overvalued Chinese currency could all spell trouble for developing countries. CGD senior fellow Liliana Rojas-Suarez unpacks three big financial-sector risks for 2011.
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Nancy Birdsall, Augusto de la Torre, and Felipe Valencia Caicedo analyze the Washington Consensus, from its early beginnings to failure as a reform agenda.
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Pranab Bardhan, Non-Resident Fellow Pranab Bardhan is a non-resident fellow at the Center for Global Development, and has been a professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley since 1977. Before joining the Berkeley faculty, Bardhan was a professor at MIT and the Delhi School of Economics. Bardhan was the Chief...
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Edward Bbaale, Visiting Fellow Edward Bbaale is a Visiting Fellow at CGD coming from the Faculty of Economics and Management, Makerere University in Kampala-Uganda. His focus is on trade economics including work on the analysis of export composition and economic growth and the interaction between firm productivity and exporting....
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Nancy Birdsall, President An internationally recognized expert on the impact of rich-country policies on poor people in developing countries, Nancy Birdsall is the author, co-author, or editor of more than a dozen books and over 100 articles in scholarly journals and monographs, published in English and Spanish. Her most...
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Michael Clemens, Senior Fellow Michael Clemens leads CGD's Migration and Development initiative. His research focuses the potential for migration reform to improve the lives of migrants and the countries they leave behind. Michael holds a PhD in economics from Harvard and has served as an affiliated associate professor of public...
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William R. Cline, Senior Fellow William R. Cline is a senior fellow jointly at the Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics and the Center for Global Development. His research focuses on finance, capital flows, trade and development; currently he is investigating the differential impact of global warming on...
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Alan Gelb, Senior Fellow Alan’s recent research includes aid and development outcomes, the transition from planned to market economies, and the special development challenges of resource-rich countries. He was previously director of development policy at the World Bank and chief economist for the Bank’s Africa region.
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Ricardo Hausmann, Non-Resident Fellow Ricardo Hausmann is Professor of the Practice of Economic Development at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. Previously, he served as the first Chief Economist of the Inter-American Development Bank (1994-2000), where he created the Research Department.
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Ethan Kapstein, Visiting Fellow Ethan Kapstein is a visiting fellow at CGD and Paul Dubrule Professor of Sustainable Development at INSEAD. Prior to this, Kapstein was Stassen Professor of International Peace at the Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs and Dept. of Political Science at the University of Minnesota (1996-2003). He...
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Devesh Kapur, Non-Resident Fellow Devesh Kapur is the Director of the Centre for Advanced Study of India, he holds the Madan Lal Sobti Professorship for the Study of Contemporary India, and he is an associate professor of political science at the University of Pennsylvania. His research examines local-global linkages in political...
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Michael Kremer, Non-Resident Fellow Michael Kremer is the Gates Professor of Developing Societies in the department of economics at Harvard University, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, and non-resident fellow at the Center for Global Development. Kremer’s recent research examines education and health in developing...
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Carol J. Lancaster, Non-Resident Fellow Carol Lancaster is the dean of the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. Before joining the Georgetown faculty in 1996, Professor Lancaster served three years as Deputy Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development.
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Todd Moss, Vice President for Programs and Senior Fellow Todd Moss works on U.S.-Africa relations and financial issues facing sub-Saharan Africa, including policies that affect private capital flows, natural resource management, debt, and aid. He directs The Emerging Africa Project.
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Lant Pritchett, Non-Resident Fellow Lant Pritchett is professor of the Practice of International Development and faculty chair of the Masters in Public Policy in International Development program at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. Prior to returning the Kennedy School, he was lead socio-economist in the social development...
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Steve Radelet, Former Senior Fellow Steve Radelet works on issues related to foreign aid, developing country debt, economic growth, and trade between rich and poor countries. He also leads CGD's Modernizing U.S. Foreign Assistance and MCA Monitor initiatives.
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Paul Romer, Non-Resident Fellow Non-resident fellow Paul Romer is one of the leading growth economists of our time. A senior fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, he has taught at Stanford’s Graduate School of Business, UC–Berkeley, the University of Chicago, and the University of Rochester. His...
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David Roodman, Senior Fellow David Roodman has been architect and project manager of the Commitment to Development Index since the project's inception in 2002. He is writing a book on microfinance.
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John Simon, Visiting Fellow John Simon served on the U.S. National Security Council as special assistant to President George W. Bush and senior director for relief, stabilization, and development. This week, on the Global Prosperity Wonkcast, he expands on his recent article, "Six Important Lessons for Disaster Relief," and...
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Peter Timmer, Non-Resident Fellow Peter Timmer is a leading authority on agriculture and rural development. He has served as a professor at Stanford and Cornell, on three faculties at Harvard, and at the University of California–San Diego, where he was also the dean of the Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific...
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Nicolas van de Walle, Non-Resident Fellow Nicolas van de Walle (Ph.D. Princeton University, 1990) is the John S. Knight Professor of International Studies and the Director of the Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies at Cornell University and is a Non-Resident Fellow at the Center for Global Development.
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Reviving AGOA
- Sep 29, 2010
In this brief Kimberly Ann Elliott discusses the two main priorities the Obama administration should focus on in order to revive the AGOA program and expand its benefits.
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Emerging Africa: How 17 Countries Are Leading the Way
- Sep 16, 2010
Since 1995, 17 African countries have defied expectations and have launched a remarkable, if little-noticed, turnaround. Emerging Africa describes this revitalization and why it is likely to continue.
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Emerging Africa: How 17 Countries Are Leading the Way (brief)
- Sep 9, 2010
In this essay Steven Radelet explains how since the mid 1990s seventeen Sub-Saharan African states have transcended the conflict and dictatorships of decades past to establish themselves as burgeoning world states. Approaching the discussion by delineating between cultural differences across the...
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How Should Oil Exporters Spend Their Rents? - Working Paper 221
- Aug 10, 2010
This paper argues for approaches that increase public understanding of the need for prudent spending of oil revenues in booms, and for comprehensive consideration of a range of options for using rents. Drawing on the experience of a few successful countries, it points to a number of common factors...
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International Economic Development Policy, Georgetown University (Syllabus)
- Aug 9, 2010
This course surveys the literature on the key determinants of economic development. We start by considering some of the factors that drive economic growth, poverty and inequality. The course then moves on to other key topics in international development including international trade,...
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Economic Development and Impact Evaluation, Tufts University (Syllabus)
- Aug 6, 2010
The course will introduce students to a variety of econometric techniques in impact evaluation and a set of analytical skills that will assist them in becoming both consumers and producers of applied empirical research in development. Students will not only learn how to critically analyze...
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Tailored Aid for a Tailored Age?
- Jun 24, 2010
In this short essay, senior fellow David Wheeler compares the world’s foreign assistance architecture to how the rest of the world operates in the digital age. He suggests that multilateral and bilateral transactions from one behemoth to another may be stuck in the past now that technology can...
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Microeconomics of Development, Tufts University (Syllabus)
- Jun 4, 2010
The goal of this course is to better understand the microeconomic foundations of development issues in poor countries, with a particular focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The course will first focus on microeconomic theory as a framework for analyzing households’ and policymakers’ behavior.
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Economics of Developing Countries, Yale University (Syllabus)
- May 31, 2010
This course is an analysis of poverty in developing countries, with an emphasis on the role of economic theory in understanding market failures, and on evaluation of public, social and business policies intended to solve market failures.
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The Political Economy of Development, Cornell University (Syllabus)
- Apr 14, 2010
This class will survey both the major policy issues in the developing world today and the political economy literature. The class seeks to inform students of the historical and contemporary dynamics of economic
development, with a focus on political issues.
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Technologies, Rules, and Progress: The Case for Charter Cities
- Mar 3, 2010
Paul Romer argues that the principal constraint to raising living standards in this century will come neither from scarce resources nor limited technologies; rather, it will come from our limited capacity to discover and implement new rules. He suggests a new type of development policy: chartering...
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Aid, Dutch Disease, and Manufacturing Growth - Working Paper 196
- Dec 18, 2009
Decades of research have been unable to conclusively show either a positive or negative effect of aid on economic growth in poor countries. CGD senior fellow Arvind Subramanian and Raghuram G. Rajan use a new technique in their latest working paper that suggests aid slows the manufacturing sector...
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Growing Pains in Latin America (brief)
- Sep 25, 2009
What policies could help Latin America achieve accelerated, sustained growth that reduces poverty and inequality? CGD senior fellow Liliana Rojas-Suarez describes the framework for growth outlined in the book Growing Pains in Latin America and its practical policy recommendations.
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How the Economic Crisis Is Hurting Africa--And What to Do About It
- May 8, 2009
Senior fellow Todd Moss investigates how the aftershocks of the global economic downturn are affecting Africa. African countries that take the right steps to mitigate the pain will be poised to benefit from the eventual recovery; those that don't will be left behind.
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Integration in the Americas: One Idea for Plan B (Essay)
- Jun 16, 2008
In this CGD Essay, visiting fellow Nancy Lee provides the full details and policy recommendations for a strategy of regional investment integration in the Americas. The essay, excerpted from her chapter in the forthcoming White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S....
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Reviving Economic Growth in Liberia - Working Paper 133
- Nov 26, 2007
In this new CGD working paper, CGD senior fellow Steve Radelet explores the challenges Liberia faces in revitalizing economic growth after 25 years of gross economic mismanagement and 14 years of brutal civil war. He examines the new government's progress, including the major steps it has taken in...
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Helping the Bottom Billion: Is There a Third Way in the Development Debate?
- Sep 10, 2007
Paul Collier's new book, The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It, argues that many developing countries are doing just fine and that the real development challenge is the 58 countries that are economically stagnant and caught in one or more "traps":...
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We Fall Down and Get Up: Carol Lancaster Reports on Elections in Sierra Leone
- Aug 27, 2007
Sierra Leone, where a brutal decade-long civil war finally ended in 2002, has just held remarkably fair, peaceful and well-organized elections. CGD visiting fellow Carol Lancaster, a former deputy administrator of USAID, was there as an election observer. In a new CGD Essay, she reflects on what...
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A Note on the Theme of Too Many Instruments - Working Paper 125
- Aug 13, 2007
*REVISED Version May 2008In development economics, statistical analysis usually begins with data from many observational units--households, companies, or countries--over just a few time periods. Two analysis techniques are becoming popular for studying causal relationships among variables in this...
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Income Distribution: Effects on Growth and Development - Working Paper 118
- Apr 16, 2007
In this new working paper, CGD president Nancy Birdsall reviews a large body of work, primarily of economists, that shows that high levels of inequality in developing countries are likely to inhibit growth. She argues that high income inequality can discourage the evolution of the economic and...
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African Development: Making Sense of the Issues and Actors
- Mar 5, 2007
Bill Easterly calls Moss' new introduction to Africa "compulsively readable and accessible" and "a masterpiece of clear thinking." Each chapter is organized around three fundamental questions: Where are we now? How did we get to this point? What are the current debates? CGD's package of materials...
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Microfinance as Business - Working Paper 101 (Revised November 2006)
- Oct 13, 2006
Microfinance is a widely celebrated strategy for helping poor people in the developing world. Leading microfinance institutions, including the Nobel Peace Prize-winning Grameen Bank, reach millions of clients. CGD research fellow David Roodman and Uzma Qureshi analyze why some microfinance...
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The Investment Climate Facility for Africa: Does it Deserve U.S. Support?
- Aug 21, 2006
The Investment Climate Facility (ICF) for Africa was launched in June to help Africa tackle problems that hinder domestic and foreign investment. It aims to raise $550 million for promotion of property rights and financial markets, anti-corruption efforts, and reform of regulations, taxation, and...
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Development, Democracy, and Mass Killings - Working Paper 93
- Jul 31, 2006
Do development and democracy lead to fewer massacres? By one estimate governments killed more than 170 million civilians in the 20th century – more than twice the number of soldiers killed in the century’s many wars. A new working paper co-authored by CGD non-resident fellow William Easterly...
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A Primer on Foreign Aid - Working Paper 92
- Jul 24, 2006
Controversies about aid effectiveness go back decades. This new working paper by CGD senior fellow Steven Radelet provides an introduction and overview of the basic concepts, data and key debates about foreign aid. It explores the range of views on the relationship between foreign aid and economic...
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A Policymakers' Guide to Dutch Disease - Working Paper 91
- Jul 11, 2006
It is sometimes claimed that big surges in aid might cause Dutch Disease--an appreciation of the real exchange rate which can slow the growth of a country's exports--and that aid increases might thereby harm a country's long-term growth prospects. In this new working paper CGD senior program...
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Privatization: A Summary Assessment - Working Paper 87
- Mar 27, 2006
In this new CGD working paper John Nellis takes stock of fifteen years of privatization in developing and post-communist countries. He finds that a surprisingly large amount of assets remain in state hands. And while technical assessments of the impact of privatization are often positive, public...
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The Economics of Young Democracies: Policies and Performance--Working Paper 85
- Mar 8, 2006
In this new working paper, CGD visiting fellow Ethan Kapstein and Nathan Converse analyze the economic performance of young democracies around the world and find that stagnating economic performance is a good indicator of imminent democratic reversal. The authors also find evidence suggesting that...
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How Countries Get Rich
- Feb 13, 2006
Ever since Adam Smith, economists have debated what conditions are required for nations to become wealthy. In a new CGD brief, senior fellow Peter Timmer argues that the "Smithian conditions" – low taxes, good government, and peace – are necessary but far from sufficient. He shows how...
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What's Wrong with the Millennium Development Goals?
- Sep 12, 2005
Many poor countries, especially in Africa, will miss the MDGs by a large margin. But neither African inaction nor a lack of aid will necessarily be the reason. Instead, responsibility for near-certain ‘failure’ lies with the overly-ambitious goals themselves and unrealistic expectations placed...
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Agriculture and Pro-Poor Growth: An Asian Perspective - Working Paper 63
- Jul 21, 2005
After two decades of neglect, interest in agriculture is on the rise. This new working paper by one of the leading thinkers in rural development argues that the reach and efficiency of rural infrastructure, coupled with effective investment in agricultural research and extension, hold the key to...
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Costs and Causes of Zimbabwe's Crisis
- Jul 20, 2005
Zimbabwe has experienced a precipitous collapse in its economy over the past five years. The government blames its economic problems on external forces and drought. We assess these claims, but find that the economic crisis has cost the government far more in key budget resources than has the donor...
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Ten Myths of the International Finance Facility - Working Paper 60
- May 24, 2005
The British proposal to create an International Finance Facility in order to 'frontload' $50 billion in aid per year until 2015 has generated a lot of attention and will likely be a major topic at the G8 meeting this July. But the IFF has also been shrouded in confusion and misconceptions. This...
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Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Development?
- May 9, 2005
Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Development?, gathers together the cutting edge of new research on FDI and host country economic performance and presents the most sophisticated critiques of current and past inquiries.
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Connecting the Poor to Economic Growth: Eight Key Questions
- Apr 26, 2005
It has long been understood that economic growth is the essential foundation for poverty reduction. The key to income growth is the expansion of jobs that pay sustainable remunerative wages, and the two keys areas of production in this vein have almost always been agriculture and labor-intensive...
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Big Sugar and the Political Economy of US Agricultural Policy
- Apr 1, 2005
Sugar is a prototypical case of a policy that favors the few at the expense of the many. Thanks to a government policy that supports prices by sharply restricting imports, a small number of American sugar cane and beet growers are enriched at the expense of US consumers and of more efficient...
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Gold for Debt: What's New and What Next?
- Apr 1, 2005
This new CGD Note by Center for Global Development President Nancy Birdsall and Institute for International Economics Senior Fellow John Williamson argues that sale of a portion of IMF gold makes sense as a way to create a more transparent institution and use a global resource for debt relief for...
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Overcoming Stagnation in Aid-Dependent Countries - Brief
- Mar 23, 2005
Traditional economic theory predicts that capital mobility and international trade will push the world's national economies to one income level. As poorer nations race ahead, richer ones should slow down. Eventually, theory says, national economies would reach equilibrium. The reality of the last...
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Double Standards on IDA and Debt: The Case for Reclassifying Nigeria
- Mar 1, 2005
Although nearly all poor countries are classified by the World Bank as IDA-only, Nigeria stands out as a notable exception. Indeed, Africa’s most populous country is the poorest country in the world that is not classified as IDA-only. Under the World Bank’s own criteria, however, Nigeria has a...
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A Better Globalization: Legitimacy, Governance, and Reform
- Mar 1, 2005
A Better Globalization: Legitimacy, Governance, and Reform by Kemal Dervis is a reformist manifesto that argues that gradual institutional change can produce beneficial results if it is driven by an ambitious long-term vision and by a determination to continually widen the limits of the possible.
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A Better Globalization: Legitimacy, Governance, and Reform (Brief)
- Feb 1, 2005
This brief summarizes five key recommendations from the CGD book A Better Globalization: Legitimacy, Governance, and Reform by Kemal Dervis. It presses for reform on a broad front with a renewed, more legitimate, and more effective United Nations as the overarching framework for global governance...
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Financing Development: The Power of Regionalism
- Oct 1, 2004
The historic 2002 United Nations Conference on Financing for Development in Monterrey, Mexico, overlooked a crucial question: regionalism. Financing Development: The Power of Regionalism is designed to correct this omission.
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Anarchy of Numbers data set
- Jul 1, 2004
CGD working paper 32, "The Anarchy of Numbers: Aid, Development, and Cross-country Empirics" submits seven aid-growth studies to robustness testing and finds that most are fragile. The data used in the paper are in Excel (data set) and Stata formats (4-year and 5-year aggregates). Full results...
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An Index of Donor Performance - Working Paper 42
- Jun 22, 2004
The Commitment to Development Index of the Center for Global Development rates 21 rich countries on the “development-friendliness” of their policies. It is revised and updated annually. In the 2004 edition, the component on foreign assistance combines quantitative and qualitative measures of...
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Trade Policy and Global Poverty
- Jun 1, 2004
Trade Policy and Global Poverty by William Cline examines how changes in trade policies in the United States and other industrial countries could help reduce poverty in developing countries. Cline first reviews the extent of global poverty and its relationship to trade and growth. He then examines...
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National Policies and Economic Growth: A Reappraisal - Working Paper 27
- May 1, 2003
National economic policies' effects on growth were over-emphasized in the early literature on endogenous economic growth. Most of the early theoretical models of the new growth literature (and even their new neoclassical counterparts) predicted large policy effects, which was followed by empirical...
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Aid, Policies, and Growth data set
- Feb 27, 2003
CGD working paper 26, "New Data, New Doubts: Revisiting "Aid, Policies, and Growth" by CGD non-resident fellow William Easterly, research fellow David Roodman, and Ross Levine (also published as "Aid, Policies, and Growth: Comment" in the American Economic Review, June 2004), concludes that the...
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New Data, New Doubts: Revisiting "Aid, Policies, and Growth" - Working Paper 26
- Feb 27, 2003
The Burnside and Dollar (2000) finding that aid raises growth in a good policy environment has had an important influence on policy and academic debates. We conduct a data gathering exercise that updates their data from 1970-93 to 1970-97, as well as filling in missing data for the original period...
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An Identity Crisis? Testing IMF Financial Programming - Working Paper 9
- Aug 1, 2002
The IMF uses its well-known "financial programming" model to derive monetary and fiscal programs to achieve desired macroeconomic targets in countries undergoing crises or receiving debt relief. Financial programming is based on monetary, balance of payments, and fiscal accounting identities. This...
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Delivering on Debt Relief
- Apr 1, 2002
Over the last several years, the United States and other major donor countries have supported a historic initiative to write down the official debts of a group of heavily indebted poor countries, or HIPCs. Donor countries had two primary goals in supporting debt relief: to reduce countries' debt...
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Washington Contentious: Economic Policies for Social Equity in Latin America
- Jan 1, 2001
At the end of the 1990s the future of Latin America seemed grim in the face of four devastating problems—slow and unsteady economic growth, persistent poverty, social injustice, and personal insecurity. For 10 years Latin America had pursued—with considerable vigor—the 10 economic policies...
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2010 Commitment to Development Index
What Is the CDI? Rich and poor countries are linked in many ways--by foreign aid, commerce, migration, the environment, and military affairs. The Commitment to Development Index (CDI) rates 22 rich countries on how much they help poor countries build prosperity, good government, and security. Each...
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