Resolution on Iran seems remote

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Mohamed ElBaradei talks with Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
As Mohamed ElBaradei, the U.N. atomic energy agency’s outgoing chief, tries to rescue a deal that would transfer much of Iran’s enriched uranium stockpile, the agency has issued a new report on Iran's nuclear program that demonstrates how hard it will be to find any near-term resolution. AP Photo

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As Mohamed ElBaradei, the U.N. atomic energy agency’s outgoing chief, tries to rescue a deal that would transfer much of Iran’s enriched uranium stockpile, the agency has issued a new report on Iran’s nuclear program that demonstrates how hard it will be to find any near-term resolution.

In an analysis accompanying the International Atomic Energy Agency report, David Albright and Jacqueline Shire of the Institute for Science and International Security describe a somewhat conflicting picture of the Iranian situation. 

On the one hand, Iran is not using the full number of centrifuges it has to enrich uranium, keeping the rate of low-enriched uranium at a steady rate of 2.8 kg per day, which could amount to a kind of undeclared gesture of moderation to the West, though there could be technical reasons or a shortage of uranium hexafluoride preventing Iran from using all the centrifuges it has at Natanz. On the other hand, the report cites evidence for continuing concern about Iran’s lack of transparency and past deceptions about its nuclear program. 

ElBaradei, the IAEA director, has been spearheading international efforts to rescue a deal between Iran and the West that would make way for Iran’s own stockpile of LEU to be processed abroad for Iranian nuclear medical use. 

When announced after a meeting between Iran and international powers in Geneva last month, the Tehran Research Reactor deal, as it’s known, was seen as a way to put time back on the clock for negotiations to proceed with Iran, since it would remove about 70 percent of Iran’s known stockpile of LEU for several months and thus delay the near-term prospect of it acquiring a breakout capacity for a nuclear weapon. 

But prospects for the deal have been cast into doubt by recent Iranian requests that it simultaneously receive nuclear medical fuel rods when it transfers its LEU for the project. ElBaradei has been trying to work out a possible compromise, under which Iran could transfer its LEU stockpile to a country it trusts while the processing is occurring, but according to recent reports, Iran has rejected a bunch of possibilities, including Turkey and South Africa. 

Beset by continued internal strife and infighting, Iran does not seem capable of returning a definitive answer on the deal. And with ElBaradei set to retire at the end of the month, its most aggressive advocate and mediator will soon be out of the job. 

“Iran can’t yet take ‘yes’ for an answer,” says former weapons inspector George Perkovich of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. The “Iranians also should understand that ElBaradei has helped them, this is his deal, and he’s leaving. ... So I suspect they will soon say, ‘yes, but not quite this,’ and prolong more.” 

“I think there’s a significant constituency in Tehran that opposes this deal and does want to close it off,” Carnegie’s James Acton said. “But, more importantly, Tehran just seems incapable of making decisions right now. Without a positive decision to proceed, it doesn’t happen.” 

The fact that Iran is holding back on its enrichment capacity gives experts some reason for optimism. 

“My hunch, and it is just a hunch, is that Iran is comfortable maintaining an LEU output that holds steady at about 2.75-2.8 kg ... per day,” ISIS’s Shire told POLITICO. “This is how it has been for at least the last six months, maybe longer. ... If they started enriching with the other centrifuges [they have], LEU output could increase dramatically, putting them under greater diplomatic pressure.” 

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