Follow the latest protest updates on The Times’s news blog.
A wave of unrest has swept across the Arab world and beyond. The suicide of a street vendor in Tunisia led to a revolt that ousted that country's autocratic ruler, and less than a month later, Egypt's ruler was gone. The agitation continues in many lands; here is a summary of the latest major developments:
BAHRAIN Feb. 19: Thousands of jubilant protesters surged back into Pearl Square, the symbolic heart of Bahrain, after the government withdrew its security forces, calling for calm after days of violent crackdowns. The shift was at least a temporary victory for the Shiite protesters, who had rejected a call to negotiate from Bahrain’s Sunni monarch until the authorities pulled the military off the streets. A review of administration statements shows that American officials overlooked recent complaints about human rights abuses in the strategically important kingdom.
LIBYA Feb. 19: Protests continued against the regime of Col. Muammar Qaddafi, as the government moved to shut down the Internet. Human rights observers put the death toll in Libya after three days of government crackdowns against protesters at 84.
YEMEN Feb. 19: Antigovernment marches in the impoverished nation of Yemen took a violent turn as pro-government supporters dressed in civilian clothes opened fire on a group opposing President Ali Abdullah Saleh, wounding at least four people.
ALGERIA Feb. 19: Hundreds of police in Algeria’s capital used clubs to overwhelm a small group of antigovernment demonstrators. The government has combined tough police action with promises of concessions in the wake of the turbulence that has swept the region, accelerating vows to lift a years-old state of emergency and speaking of new jobs and housing.
EGYPT Feb. 18: Sheik Yusuf al-Qaradawi, an influential Sunni cleric who is banned from the United States and Britain for supporting violence against Israel and American forces in Iraq, delivered his first public sermon in the country in 50 years, emerging as a powerful voice in the struggle to shape what kind of Egyptian state emerges from the uprising. He addressed a crowd of more than one million who gathered in Tahrir Square to mourn those who died in the protests. Meanwhile, the military warned restive workers that it would stop what it declared were illegal strikes crippling Egypt’s economy, declaring “it will confront them and take the legal measures needed to protect the nation’s security.”
IRAQ Feb. 18: Unrest continued to spread in Iraq, with new protests erupting in several cities and reports from law enforcement officials that private security guards in a city in Kurdistan fired on a group of protesters who tried to storm the political offices of the region’s leader. Protest leaders said they would go ahead with plans for a Saturday march in Baghdad, despite a second day of violence marring demonstrations elsewhere in the country.
JORDAN Feb. 18: A protest turned violent in the Jordanian capital as government supporters clashed with demonstrators calling for political change, injuring several. Antigovernment protests have become routine on Fridays in the past weeks, but this was the first time that one ended in confrontation.
IRAN Feb. 18: A leading opposition figure, Mir Hussein Moussavi, was reported missing, raising fears that he had been detained in connection with this week’s anti-government rallies. The marches, the largest since the 2009 disputed elections, were put down by Iranian security and paramilitary forces.
WASHINGTON Feb. 18: The United States said it strongly opposed the use of violence in Bahrain. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton called Bahrain’s foreign minister to convey “deep concern about the actions of the security forces.” President Obama did not publicly address the crackdown, but his press secretary, Jay Carney, said that the White House was urging Bahrain to use restraint in responding to “peaceful protests.”
TUNISIA Feb. 14: After the revolution opened the doors, a flotilla of would-be migrants has set out from Tunisia, creating a humanitarian crisis and stirring a political furor in Italy.
Background
On Dec. 17, 2010, in the impoverished Tunisian town of Sidi Bouzid, a street vendor who had been slapped in the face by a policewoman confiscating his wares set himself on fire outside of a government building. The desperate act of the vendor, Mohamed Bouazizi, led to protests in the town, which were recorded in video clips posted on YouTube. By the time he died on Jan. 4, 2011, protests that started over Mr. Bouazizi’s treatment in Sidi Bouzid had spread to cities throughout the country.
On Jan. 14, the president, Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, fled the country he had ruled with an iron hand for 23 years. Less than a month later, Hosni Mubarak, perhaps the most powerful figure in the region, president for 29 years of the largest Arab country, was forced to step down after 18 days of massive demonstrations cost him the support of the military and the United States. And the unrest spread from Algeria to Iran, with rulers making significant concessions in Yemen and Jordan.
For the past 30 years much of the Arab world had seemed stuck in a time warp, with economic growth lagging other regions and a largely autocratic set of governments allowing little political engagement or debate. In many countries, Islamicist groups provided the only meaningful opposition.
The unrest set in motion by what the Tunisians called their Jasmine Revolution seemed to come out of nowhere. But the region has one of the world's youngest populations, already high levels of unemployment had risen since the global recession of 2008 and the tools of the Internet -- Facebook, Twitter, YouTube -- gave a core of tech-savvy organizers a means outside of their rulers' control to spread the word.
ARTICLES ABOUT MIDDLE EAST PROTESTS (2010-11)
Libyan Forces Again Fire on Residents at Funerals
Residents of Libya’s second-largest city were attending funerals Sunday when they were attacked on a fifth day of protests against Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi’s rule.
February 20, 2011Funerals in Libya for Dozens Killed in Protests
Residents of Libya’s second-largest city streamed to funerals Sunday, setting the stage for a fifth day of protests against Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi’s rule.
February 20, 2011Cycle of Suppression Rises in Libya and Elsewhere
A deadly cycle has emerged: Security forces fire on funeral marches, killing people, creating more funerals.
February 19, 2011Will Egypt Be a Partner in Peace?
Israel welcomes change, but the Camp David pact must hold.
February 19, 2011Oil Flows, but High Prices Jangle Nerves
The oil markets are nervous with the possibility of disruptions in the Middle East and North Africa, which account for some 35 percent of production.
February 19, 2011Protesters Take Bahrain Square as Forces Leave
Protesters surged back into the square, and the monarchy called for peace after two days of violent crackdowns.
February 19, 2011The Legacy of 18 Days in Tahrir Square
Barriers between classes and religions fell, and Egyptians who gathered for change found that they had changed themselves.
February 19, 2011Saudi Arabia Feels Insecure Amid Mideast Unrest
The rulers are feeling more isolated and worried that the United States may no longer be a reliable backer.
February 19, 2011When Armies Decide an Uprising’s Fate
In uprisings against police states, the outcome often rests on one calculation: What’s in it for the military?
February 19, 2011Yemen Protesters Face Off for 8th Day
Pro-government demonstrators armed with sticks ran down rivals calling for the ouster of President Ali Abdullah Saleh on Friday.
February 18, 2011U.S. Offered Rosy View of Bahrain Before Crackdown
The U.S. government has overlooked recent complaints about human-rights abuses in Bahrain.
February 18, 2011Clashes in Libya Worsen as Army Crushes Dissent
As in Bahrain and Iran, the police and army in Libya have moved quickly to crush the escalating unrest.
February 18, 2011A Glimpse of Tehran's Crackdown
A media blackout in Iran meant that the world did not see its uprising the way they saw Egypt’s. For that and other reasons, Tehran was able to act with impunity.
February 18, 2011Feb. 18 Updates on Middle East Protests
On Friday, The Lede continues to follow protest movements in Bahrain, Libya, Yemen, Iran, Iraq and Egypt.
February 18, 2011Internet Use in Bahrain Restricted, Data Shows
The data suggests that as protests have erupted, Bahrain has severely restricted the Internet access of its citizens.
February 18, 2011Violence Erupts at Jordan Protest
Several people were injured at a protest in the capital, Amman, when government supporters clashed with demonstrators calling for political change.
February 18, 2011After Long Exile, Sunni Cleric Takes Role in Egypt
Sheik Yusuf al-Qaradawi delivered his first sermon in Cairo in 50 years, emerging as a powerful voice in Egypt.
February 18, 2011Message to Egypt From Qaeda’s No. 2
Al Qaeda’s Egyptian-born second in command attacked secular rule in Egypt in an audio lecture, but the message appeared to have been recorded before President Hosni Mubarak stepped down last week.
February 18, 2011Egyptians in U.S. Ponder Their Return
After watching events unfold thousands of miles away, Egyptians living in America traded joy for questions about their native land.
February 18, 2011Boxing Here, but Focusing on Egypt
A man who walked away from the Egyptian national boxing team and settled in New York watches events unfold in his homeland.
February 18, 2011Security Forces in Bahrain Open Fire on Protesters
Both sides held fast as the country’s king showed his increasing willingness to use lethal force.
February 18, 2011Battle Lines Harden Across the Mideast as Rulers Dig In
The battle lines between protesters and governments hardened on Friday, as unrest continued in Libya, Yemen and Bahrain, and Algerians and Iranians planned rallies.
February 18, 2011Phone Cameras Credited With Helping the World See Protests in Middle East
The cellphone camera has become a vital tool for protesters to document the government response to document the unrest.
February 18, 2011Algeria Stays Relatively Calm as Neighbors Revolt
Even as North African neighbors have smoldered, Algeria has kept a sullen calm in the wake of a stifled protest march here last week, with the regional upheaval, for now, not catching on.
February 18, 2011Battle Lines Harden Across the Mideast as Rulers Dig In
The battle lines between protesters and governments hardened on Friday, as unrest continued in Libya, Yemen and Bahrain, and Algerians and Iranians planned rallies.
February 18, 2011SEARCH 284 ARTICLES ABOUT MIDDLE EAST PROTESTS (2010-11):
Multimedia
Protests Continue to Surge
Thousands of jubilant Bahrainis returned on Saturday to Manama’s Pearl Square, the focal point of bloody anti-regime demonstrations, after police and troops withdrew in an apparent conciliatory move
Algeria Mostly Calm, but Dissent Is Present
The type of violence that has plagued other Middle Eastern countries has only erupted a few times lately in Algeria, where an older, oil-rich generation holds sway and younger protesters have been kept under control so far.
Abdul Hakim Nasser Speaks
In the midst of the 18-day revolution in Egypt, the son of a former president visited the square renamed after Egypt's last revolution that lifted his father to power.
Israel and a New Egypt
Hisham Hellyer, left, of the University of Warwick and Shadi Hamid of the Brookings Institution discuss Israel and Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood.
Egypt's Upheaval Inspires New Protests
Demonstrations continued in Yemen, police officers were deployed in Tehran and skirmishes broke out in Bahrain, as the ouster of Hosni Mubarak ignited protesters across the Middle East.
Unrest Spreads Across the Mideast
Antigovernment demonstrations appeared in Iran, Yemen and Bahrain Monday.
Cairo’s Protest Signs Address a Despot, and the World
Employing Internet jargon and foreign languages, protesters aimed their messages at an international audience.
After Mubarak, What Next?
As Egyptians celebrate President Hosni Mubarak's departure, questions of a new government remain unanswered.
Cleaning Up Tahrir Square
Demonstrators tried to bring the square back to normal after Hosni Mubarak's resignation.
Cleanup Begins After Mubarak Steps Aside
Protesters turned from toppling a president to rebuilding a country they feel is once again theirs and cleaning up Tahrir Square where many vowed they would stay to hold their new army rulers to account.
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