Jeff Tuttle/Associated Press

Lazare Kobagaya, 84, is on trial in Federal District Court, accused of lying about his activities in Rwanda 17 years ago.

In Kansas Courtroom, Echoes of Rwanda Genocide

By JAMES C. McKINLEY Jr.

Federal jurors have been asked to decide whether Lazare Kobagaya helped plan massacres in Rwanda 17 years ago.

A Scattering of Protests Honoring Bin Laden

By DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK

About 200 demonstrators gathered outside the United States Embassy Friday to protest manifestations of what they called American hostility to Muslims.

Land Mines Descend on Misurata’s Port, Endangering Libyan City’s Supply Route

By C. J. CHIVERS

Forces loyal to Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi scattered land mines on the city’s port, threatening once more to close the only route for evacuation and supplies.

France Expels 14 Libyan Officials

By SCOTT SAYARE and ALAN COWELL

France said on Friday that it has given 14 Libyan officials 48 hours to leave the country, a day after a similar action by Britain.

Morocco Bomb Suspect Wore ‘Hippie’ Disguise, Official Says

By REUTERS

The disguised suspect planted two bombs that killed at least 17 people at a cafe.

U.S. Seeks to Aid Libyan Rebels With Seized Assets

By STEVEN LEE MYERS and RACHEL DONADIO

The United States announced Thursday that it would try to release some of the more than $30 billion in assets seized from Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi, to help the Libyan people.

Misurata Journal

The Lives at the End of the Rockets’ Arc

By C. J. CHIVERS

The four corpses on the floor of a clinic were migrants from Nigeria, trapped in another country’s war. When they died, they were minutes from escape.

Photographs

Recent Features on Africa

Julius Malema, left, and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela outside court during Mr. Malema’s hate-speech trial, which has been broadcast live on television.

Separating Free Speech From Hate in South Africa

By CELIA W. DUGGER

Julius Malema, the leader of the governing party’s youth wing, is defending his right to sing a song with the seemingly bloodthirsty line “Shoot the Boer!”

Video: Free Speech Controversy in South Africa

President Jacob Zuma in China last week at his first meeting of BRICS. The other parts of the acronym are Brazil, Russia, India and China.

South Africa Exults Abroad but Frets at Home

By CELIA W. DUGGER

South Africa has joined an elite group of emerging powers, but at home, it faces an erosion of confidence in the government.

Phonetic Clues Hint Language Is Africa-Born

By NICHOLAS WADE

An analysis implies that modern language originated only once, in southern Africa, a surprising finding.

The United Nations controls Somalia’s air traffic and collects its flyover fees, leaving little, Somalis say, to repair the decrepit airport in Mogadishu.

Somalia, Wobbly on Ground, Seeks Control of Its Airspace

By JEFFREY GETTLEMAN

The country hopes to collect millions of dollars in flyover fees if it regains authority over traffic in its airspace, which the United Nations has controlled since 1996.

Some supporters of President Robert Mugabe, above, fear that his health may be ebbing, so they want Zimbabwe to hold an election soon.

Allies of Zimbabwe’s President Push for Quick Vote

By CELIA W. DUGGER

With no credible successor to unite the quarrelsome factions that threaten to splinter the country’s ruling party, Zimbabwe hurtles into another violent political season.

Dr. Grace Phiri, at the pediatric ward of the Queen Elizabeth hospital, Maseru, has been the sole pediatrician in Lesotho’s government service for most of the past 17 years.

Doctors Go Far Afield to Battle Epidemics

By CELIA W. DUGGER

A rise in programs sending doctors to some of the world’s poorest countries has met with an outpouring of enthusiasm from many recent graduates.

Video: Battling H.I.V. in Lesotho

Fliers urging support for Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi of Libya make the rounds in Bamako, Mali.

Libyan Oil Buys Allies for Qaddafi

By JEFFREY GETTLEMAN

Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi has sprinkled billions of dollars around Africa, helping him recruit mercenaries and blunt criticism.

An oil drum littered a road in Bodo. Some $22 billion in federal funds remain largely unaccounted for, analysts and good-government groups say.

Riches Flow Into Nigeria, but Are Lost After Arrival

By ADAM NOSSITER

Oil money has brought more questions than calm to the Niger Delta.

Kenny Kunene, center, a convicted swindler whose business dealings have gained him access to South Africa’s elite, has raised eyebrows with his lifestyle.

Partying Amid Poverty Stirs South Africa Debate

By CELIA W. DUGGER

The exploits of a convicted swindler turned businessman have set off an animated conversation about the privileges of the black elite.

The Saturday Profile

The Hawa Abdi school near Mogadishu, Somalia, has 800 students and only eight classrooms.

Under Siege in War-Torn Somalia, a Doctor Holds Her Ground

By MOHAMMED IBRAHIM and JEFFREY GETTLEMAN

Dr. Hawa Abdi helps nearly 100,000 people at her medical facility, persevering despite an attack by militants in May.

As a World Heritage site, Djenné, Mali, must preserve its mud-brick buildings, from the Great Mosque, in the background, to individual homes.

Mali City Rankled by Rules for Life in Spotlight

By NEIL MacFARQUHAR

Residents of Djenné, Mali, a Unesco World Heritage site, complain that the guidelines to maintain that designation are too restrictive.

Beyond Fossil Fuels

Thanks to this solar panel, Sara Ruto no longer takes a three-hour taxi ride to a town with electricity to recharge her cellphone.

African Huts Far From the Grid Glow With Renewable Power

By ELISABETH ROSENTHAL

As small-scale renewable energy becomes cheaper and more reliable, it is providing the first drops of modern power to people far from electricity grids and fuel pipelines.

In Beldenadji, Mali, a canal has been extended to irrigate land, part of an American aid initiative.

African Farmers Displaced as Investors Move In

By NEIL MacFARQUHAR

Across Africa and the developing world, a new global land rush is gobbling up large expanses of arable land.

People seeking health care in Chidamoyo, Zimbabwe, arrive with goods to barter for treatment.

Zimbabwe Health Care, Paid With Peanuts

By CELIA W. DUGGER

For many rural people, cash is so scarce that the 85-bed Chidamoyo Christian Hospital allows bartering.

Video: Providing Medical Services for Peanuts

More News

Arab World Unrest

Photographs

Battle for Libya

The latest images after Western intervention in Libya.

A New Arab Generation Finds Its Voice

Video interviews with more than two dozen people under 30, from Libya to the West Bank, talking about their generation’s moment in history and prospects for the future.

From Opinion

Op-Ed Contributor

The Many Qaddafis

By DIRK VANDEWALLE

Over the 42 years of iron-fisted rule, Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi has taken on many roles.

On the Ground

Answering Your Sudan Questions, Round 3

By NICHOLAS KRISTOF

Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Nicholas D. Kristof address a third and final batch of readers’ questions.

On the Ground

Answering Your Sudan Questions, Take 2

By NICHOLAS KRISTOF

Former President Jimmy Carter and Nicholas Kristof answer a second round of readers' questions about Sudan.

Nicholas D. Kristof Blog

Answering Your Sudan Questions, Take 1

By NICHOLAS KRISTOF

President Carter and I answer a first batch of reader questions about Sudan.

Send Your Question

Sara Ruto’s children have improved their grades now that there is light to study by, powered by a solar panel on their hut in Kenya.

Slide Show

On a Small Scale, Sustainable Energy Transforms Lives

Tiny renewable energy systems that light just one home at a time are playing an epic, transformative role in the lives of poor people in developing countries who live far the electricity grid.