LOCATION ORANGEBURG GA+AL AR FL LA NC SC VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Orangeburg loamy sand--cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)
BA--7 to 12 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; sand grains bridged and coated with clay; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
Bt1--12 to 54 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; many fine pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--54 to 72 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of relic iron accumulation; very strongly acid. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 52 to 70 inches or more)
TYPE LOCATION: Dougherty County, Georgia; 0.6 mile west on Antioch Road from intersection with Gravel Hill Road; 660 yards north in cultivated field. (USGS Quadrangle, Putney, GA. (1974); lat. 31 degrees 29 minutes 07 seconds N., long. 84 degrees 04 minutes 20 seconds W.)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness typically is 72 to 96 inches and ranges from 70 to 120 inches. Ironstone nodules range from 0 to 10 percent throughout the solum. Reaction of the A and Bt1 horizons is very strongly acid to moderately acid, and the Bt2 and underlying horizons are very strongly acid or strongly acid.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 2 through 6. Texture is sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam.
The E horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 through 6. It is loamy sand or sand.
The BA or BE horizon, where present, has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 4 through 6 and chroma of 4 through 8. Texture is sandy loam or fine sandy loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 or 8, however, hues of 7.5YR are allowed within the upper 10 inches, and 10R hues are allowed in the lower Bt. The upper part of the Bt horizon is sandy clay loam and the lower part is sandy clay loam or sandy clay with less than 45 percent clay.
The lower Bt horizon has none to common brownish masses of iron accumulation which are relic redoximorphic features. Clay content of the upper 20 inches of the Bt horizon ranges from 20 to 35 percent and silt content is less than 20 percent.
The BC horizon, where present, has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 or 8. In some pedons, there are few to many mottles are in shades of brown. It is sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Norfolk series of the same family and the Addielou, Allen, Avilla, Bama, Etowah, Holston, Leesburg, Minvale, Nella, Noboco, Octavia, Pikeville, Ruston, and Warnock series of closely related families. Norfolk soils have Bt horizons dominantly in hue of 7.5YR or yellower. None of the other competing series have a kandic horizon. In addition, Addielou soils have about 10 to 15 percent of pockets and seams of sand and silt in the lower Bt horizon; Allen, Bama, Etowah, Pikeville, and Ruston soils have more than 20 percent silt in the B horizon; Avilla, Leesburg, Minvale, Nella and Octavia soils have coarse fragments throughout the solum; Holston and Noboco have Bt horizons dominantly in hue of 7.5YR or yellower; and Warnock soils have a Bx horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Orangeburg soils are on nearly level to strongly sloping uplands of the Coastal Plain. Slopes range from 0 to 25 percent. Mean annual temperature varies from 63 to 68 degrees F., the frost-free days ranges from 215 to 270, and the mean annual precipitation varies from 42 to 53 inches. Elevation ranges from 170 to 500 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Norfolk series and the Americus, Dothan, Eustis, Faceville, Fuquay, Grady, Greenville, Lucy, Red Bay, Tifton, Vaucluse, and Wagram series. All of these series, except Grady and Vaucluse occur on similar landscape positions. Americus and Eustis soils are sandy and somewhat excessively well drained. In addition, Americus soils have dark red Bt horizons. Dothan, Fuquay, and Tifton soils have horizons containing 5 percent or more plinthite in the subsoil. Faceville and Greenville soils are clayey. Grady soils are clayey, poorly drained, and in depressions on uplands or along shallow drainageways. Lucy and Wagram soils have a 20 to 40 inch thick sandy surface layer. Red Bay soils have dark red colors in all subhorizons of the Bt horizon. Vaucluse soils are on upland slope breaks and have the upper boundary of a brittle layer within 36 inches of the soil surface.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium runoff, slow runoff in level areas with sandy surface layer; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly used for growing cotton, corn, tobacco, and peanuts. Some areas are in pasture and forest. Forest species are longleaf pine, shortleaf pine, loblolly pine, and some oaks, hickory, and dogwood.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia. The series is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Auburn, Alabama
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Darlington Area, South Carolina; 1902.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to approximately 7 inches (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon - the zone from approximately 7 to 72 inches (BA, Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
Kandic horizon - the zone from approximately 7 to 72 inches with low activity clay in most of the upper 40 horizon (BA, Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
Revised 11/94
SIR = GA0029, GA0082
MLRA = 133A, 133B, 137, 153A