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Sudan – Complex Emergency

Situation Report #10, - (FY) August 20, 2010

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Key Developments

• On August 16, humanitarian agencies participating in an assessment gained access to Kalma internally displaced persons (IDP) camp for the first time since fighting commenced in the South Darfur camp during late July. Between July 24 and August 2, armed conflict among Kalma camp residents supportive of the Doha peace negotiations and those opposed, killed approximately 10 people and injured an estimated 25 others, according to the U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). The recent conflict and insecurity have displaced an unknown number of residents, according to USAID/OFDA field staff. OCHA reports that the displaced populations have moved to other areas within the camp or fled to areas outside the camp.
• On August 14, unidentified assailants kidnapped two African UnionˇVU.N. Hybrid Operations in Darfur (UNAMID) peacekeepers near their residence in Nyala, South Darfur. According to international media reports, the kidnappers freed the peacekeepers on August 17, following negotiations. On July 27, unidentified assailants released two German nationals working for the relief agency Technisches Hilfswerk who had been abducted from the organizationˇ¦s compound in Nyala, South Darfur, on June 22. A Samaritanˇ¦s Purse international staff member kidnapped outside Nyala on May 18 remains in captivity.
• On August 14, international media sources reported that West Darfur authorities informed five U.N. and International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) senior staff in West Darfur that their safety could no longer be assured and suggested that the staff members depart Darfur. Subsequent international media reports indicated that authorities did not issue a formal expulsion order and that discussions related to access and staff presence remain ongoing. On July 15, Sudanese authorities ordered the departure of senior expatriate staff of the International Organization for Migration (IOM), according to an IOM press statement.
• USAID/OFDA continues to monitor increasing inter-ethnic conflict and Lordˇ¦s Resistance Army (LRA) attacks in Southern Sudan and prepares to respond to potential insecurity surrounding the January 2011 referenda in Southern Sudan and Abyei and popular consultations in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile States. During August, USAID/OFDA awarded a 12-month, $4 million cooperative agreement to IOM to manage a multi-sector rapid response fund (RRF) for Southern Sudan and Abyei. The RRF will allow IOM to rapidly disburse funds to competent organizations to provide life-saving assistance, including the distribution of emergency relief supplies and logistics support, to people in Southern Sudan and Abyei affected by insecurity or natural disasters, such as severe flooding.

Context

• Since 2003, a complex emergency in Darfur has affected more than 4.7 million people, including as many as 2.7 million IDPs, according to U.N. agencies.
• The National Congress Party and the southern-based Sudan Peopleˇ¦s Liberation Movement continue to implement the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement through the Government of National Unity (GNU). The formation of the GNU officially ended more than two decades of northˇVsouth conflict. During the conflict, famine, fighting, and disease killed more than 2 million people, forced an estimated 500,000 Sudanese to seek refuge in neighboring countries, and displaced 4 million people within Sudan. Since 2005, approximately 2 million people have returned to Southern Sudan and the Three Areas of Southern Kordofan, Blue Nile, and Abyei, straining scarce resources and weak infrastructure, according to IOM.
• On October 1, 2009, U.S. Charge dˇ¦Affaires, a.i., Mark L. Asquino renewed the disaster declaration for the complex emergency in Sudan for FY 2010. The U.S. Mission in Sudan has declared disasters due to the complex emergency annually since 1987. USAID continues to work with other U.S. Government agencies, the U.N., and humanitarian agencies to closely monitor the humanitarian situation in advance of the January 2011 referenda in Southern Sudan and Abyei area and popular consultations in Blue Nile and Southern Kordofan states.

CURRENT SITUATION IN DARFUR

Security and Humanitarian Access

• On August 16, a team comprising staff from three NGOs and three U.N. agencies visited all sectors of Kalma IDP camp as well as neighboring Bielel IDP campˇXwhere OCHA reported some of the 82,000 Kalma residents had taken refuge. Relief agencies remain uncertain if the assessment represents permanent or temporary access to the camp.
• On August 16, a spokesperson for the U.N. Secretary-General noted appreciation for the restoration of some humanitarian access to Kalma camp and called on the Sudanese government to apprehend and bring to justice those who attack U.N. staff and humanitarian workers and to take all possible measures to ensure that humanitarian access to all Sudanese people remains open. The August 16 statement followed an August 13 U.N. press release appealing for the resumption of full humanitarian access to Kalma camp.
• On August 5, Sudanese authorities lifted restrictions on all U.N. flights to Muhajeria, Ed Daein, and Shearia towns in South Darfur. Authorities imposed the flight restrictions on May 30 due to insecurity resulting from January and February clashes between Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Justice and Equality Movement armed opposition group. However, authorities continue to issue daily flight cancellations to other areas due to security concerns.
• Humanitarian agencies continue to experience restricted access to the eastern Jebel Marra region of Darfur. Sudanese authorities have restricted access to the area since February and March clashes between the SAF and Sudan Liberation Army/Abdul Wahid armed opposition group due to security concerns.

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)

• During the August 16 assessment at Kalma camp, relief agencies transported fuel sufficient to run 17 submersible water pumps for two days, as well as medicine and other medical supplies to replenish medical clinics and nutrition centers in the camp.
• To date in FY 2010, USAID/OFDA is providing more than $11.4 million to 11 grantees to support WASH interventions, including hygiene promotion activities and latrine construction, among IDPs and host populations throughout Darfur.

Food Security and Emergency Food Assistance

• According to the USAID-funded Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), approximately 4 million people are moderately or highly food-insecure in Darfur due to ongoing insecurity and a poor 2009/2010 harvest.
• During the second quarter of 2010, the cost of the minimum food basketˇXthe amount and type of food required to satisfy basic nutritional needsˇXincreased by 38 percent, 35 percent, and 14 percent in North Darfur, South Darfur, and West Darfur, respectively, according to WFP. Households in Darfur spend between 65 and 75 percent of total income on food items.
• The rapid expansion of emergency food aid provision to meet increased requirements in Southern Sudan has decreased resources in other regions of the country, including Darfur. WFP plans to reduce the food aid ration for IDPs in Darfur from 72 to 50 percent of the standard ration of approximately 2,100 calories per day during the July to September lean seasonˇXwhen prices peak and households deplete food stocksˇXpotentially reducing food availability and increasing food prices. However, WFP continues to prioritize life-saving activities and notes that many IDPs in Darfur have developed income-generating livelihoods, reducing dependence on emergency food assistance.
• FEWS NET anticipates that food security may deteriorate until the October harvest; however, IDPs and communities with limited access to cultivation will likely remain dependent on food assistance following the harvest. WFP plans to closely monitor the impacts of food ration cuts and will vary the ration for IDPs based on the fluctuation of food prices and the availability of income-generating activities.
• To date in FY 2010, USAID/OFDA is providing nearly $3.9 million to five grantees implementing agriculture and food security interventions, including seed and tool voucher programs, throughout Darfur.

CURRENT SITUATION IN SUDAN, EXCLUDING DARFUR

Security and Humanitarian Access

• On July 29, suspected LRA members ambushed two vehicles traveling along the YambioˇVDiabio road near Nagasi settlement in Western Equatoria State, killing two individuals and injuring four others. On July 24, suspected LRA members attacked Yabulu village in Western Bahr el Ghazal State, killing one person and abducting four others, according to U.N. agencies.
• On July 31, Medecins Sans Frontieres/Belgium (MSF/B) temporarily suspended all humanitarian activities in Gumuruk payam, Jonglei State, following three significant security incidents in July. Prior to the suspensions, MSF/Bˇ¦s remote clinic provided basic medical care for more than 30,000 people in Gumuruk, according to MSF/B.
• Conflict in Southern Sudan killed approximately 690 people and displaced more than 130,000 others between January 1 and late June 2010, according to OCHA. States most affected by conflict included Eastern Equatoria, Jonglei, Lakes, Unity, Warab, and Western Equatoria.

Population Movement

• According to the July Government of Southern Sudan (GOSS) return tracking report, between February 2007 and July 2009 IOM tracked nearly 1.1 million spontaneous returnees to Southern Sudan and more than 298,000 returns to Southern Kordofan.
• On July 17, Western Equatoria State officials reported that LRA attacks had resulted in additional IDPs in Yambio and Tambura counties, including James Diko and Rimenze settlements in Yambio County and Tambura and Diabio settlements in Tambura County. In response, the GOSS deployed Sudan Peopleˇ¦s Liberation Army forces to Makpandu settlement site in Yambio County to protect IDPs and refugees.

Food Security and Emergency Food Assistance

• In July, FEWS NET reported that moderate and highly food-insecure populations in Southern Sudan remained concentrated in Eastern Equatoria, Jonglei, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, and Warab states, with extreme food insecurity in Akobo County, Jonglei State. Shortages during the July/August lean season, as well as continued inter-ethnic conflict, cattle raids, and subsequent population displacements, continue to contribute to food insecurity.
• Most of the approximately 40,000 people displaced to Akobo during 2009 returned to areas of origin between May and June 2010. However, FEWS NET expects few returnee households to cultivate crops during the June to September crop season, resulting in increased food shortages through the October to December post-harvest season.
• FEWS NET reports that displaced populations in Nagero, Nzara, Ezo, Ibba, and Mvolo payams and Yambio and Maridi counties in Western Equatoria State did not cultivate land throughout the April to July cropping season. Continued LRA attacks and displacement may prevent cultivation from August to December, further increasing food insecurity.
• To date in FY 2010, USAID/OFDA is providing more than $7.4 million to support seven grantees implementing agriculture and food security activities, including training programs for small-scale farmers and seed fairs, throughout Southern Sudan and Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states.

USAID Sudan Strategy Statement (pdf,469kb)

USAID Monthly Update - September 2010 (pdf,623kb)