DFR : The Tragedy of the Commons

The Tragedy of the Commons

Garrett Hardin
Science, Vol. 162, No. 3859 (Dec. 13, 1968), pp. 1243-1248

Published by: American Association for the Advancement of Science
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1724745
Subjects: law, performingarts
Keyterms: common, population, tragedy, conscience, coercion, problem, freedom, solution, world, herdsman, morality, technical, pollution, optimum, property, inheritance, nation, anxiety, calorie, system, rational, responsibility, breed, parking, parenthood
CiteRank: 9
Times cited by articles in JSTOR: 944

Top Words

Word	Count
the	476
of	280
to	192
is	169
a	144
in	109
that	103
we	99
and	91
it	83
as	61
not	61
be	61
for	54
are	45

Top Bigrams

Bigram	Count
### ###	97
of the	78
# ###	73
### #	66
### the	43
# the	41
the ###	38
it is	38
of ###	34
in the	33
the commons	30
### and	26
## #	26
### but	22
that the	21

Top Trigrams

Trigram	Count
of the commons	20
### ### ###	19
# ## #	13
### ### #	12
the commons #	10
### ## ###	10
tragedy of the	10
# it is	10
# ### the	8
## ### #	8
of the ###	8
# ### ###	8
the tragedy of	8
### ### the	8
of ### #	7

Top Quadgrams

Quadgram	Count
tragedy of the commons	9
of the commons #	8
the tragedy of the	8
### p ## #	6
### ## ### #	6
### ### ### ###	6
# ### ## ###	6
### ### p ##	5
### no ### no	4
### new ### ###	4
the commons as a	4
of the tragedy of	3
### ### ### #	3
## december ## ##	3
no ### no ###	3

Top Keyterms

Keyterm	Weight
common	1.0
population	0.333
tragedy	0.296
conscience	0.259
coercion	0.213
problem	0.212
freedom	0.196
solution	0.183
world	0.178
herdsman	0.177
morality	0.154
technical	0.149
pollution	0.143
optimum	0.143
property	0.135

References

J. B. Wiesner an1 R. F. York, Sci. Amer. 211 (No. 4), 27 (1964).

G. Hardin, J. Hered.50, 68 (1959)

S von Hoernor, Science137, 18 (1962).

J. von Neumann and 0. Morgenstern, Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N.J., 1947), p. 11.

J. H. Fremlin, New Sci., No. 415 (1964), p. 285.

A. Smith, The Wealth of Nations (Modern, Library, New York, 1937), p. 423,

W. F. Lloyd, Two Lectures on the Checks to Population (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, Eng- land, 1833)

Population, Evolution, and Birth Control, G. Hardin, Ed. (Freeman, San Francisco, 1964), p. 37.

A, N. Whitehead, Science and the Modern World (Mentor, New York, 1948), p. 17.

G. Hardin, Ed. Population, Evolution, and Birth Control (Freeman, San Francisco, 1964), p. 56.

S. McVay, Sci. Amer.216 (No. 8), 13 (1966).

J. Fletcher, Situation Ethics (Westminster, Philadelphia, 1966).

D. Lack, The Natural Regulation of Animal Numbers (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1954)e

H. Girvetz, From Wealth to Welfare (Stan-, ford Univ. Press, Stanford, Calif., 1950).

G. Hardin, Perspec. Biol. Med.6, 366 (1963).

U. Thant, Int. Planned Parenthood News, No. 168 (February 1968) , p. 3.

K. Davis, Science158, 730 (1967).

S. Tax, Ed., Evolution after Darwin (Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1960), vol. 2, p. 469.

G. Bateson, D. D. Jackson, J. Haley, J. Weak- land, Behav. Sci.1, 251 (1956).

P. Goodman, New York Rev. Books10(8), 22 (23 May 1968).

A. Comfort, The Anxiety Makers (Nelson. London, 1967).

C. Frankel, The Case for Modern Man (Has. per, New York, 1955), p. 203.

J. D. Roslansky, Genetics and the Future of Man (Appleton-Century-Crofts. New York, 1966), p. 177.

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The Tragedy of the Commons

References

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