Languages of Croatia
Croatia. 4,551,000. National or official languages: Croatian, Italian. Literacy rate: 97%. Immigrant languages: Bulgarian (330), Czech (10,500), Hungarian (16,600), Macedonian (4,270), Polish (570), Romanian (480), Russian (910), Rusyn (2,340), Serbian (202,000), Sinte Romani (131,000), Slovak (4,710), Slovene (22,800), Standard German (2,900), Tosk Albanian (15,100), Ukrainian (1,980). Information mainly from B. Comrie 1987. The number of individual languages listed for Croatia is 7. Of those, all are living languages.
| Bosnian | [bos]
20,800 in Croatia (2001 census).
Dialects: Ijekavían, Ikavian.
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western
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| Croatia Sign Language | [csq]
Classification: Deaf sign language
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| Croatian | [hrv]
3,980,000 in Croatia (2001 census). Population total all countries: 5,546,590. Also in Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, United States.
Alternate names: Hrvatski.
Dialects: Kaykavski, Chakavski, Shtokavski (Ijekavski). Shtokavski official dialect, but others recognized as valid dialects, with much literature. Chakavski in western and northern Croatia, Dalmatian coast, and Adriatic Islands; Kaykavski in northeastern Croatia and Zagreb; dialects in other countries, like Burgenland Croatian in Austria, less intelligible.
Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western
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| Istriot | [ist]
1,000 (2000 T. Salminen). Istrian Peninsula west coast, Rovinj (Rovigno) and Vodnjan (Dignano) towns.
Dialects: Reportedly an archaic Romance language, often confused with Istro-Rumanian. Perhaps more similar to Friulian or Dalmatian than to Istro-Rumanian.
Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Italo-Dalmatian
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| Italian | [ita]
19,600 in Croatia (2001 census). Ethnic population: 30,000 (1998). Istria, Iatarska County.
Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Italo-Dalmatian
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| Romanian, Istro | [ruo]
560 (1994). Northeast Istrian Peninsula, Zejane village, some villages south.
Alternate names: Istro-Romanian.
Dialects: Structurally a separate language from Romanian [ron] (1984 F. Agard). Split from the other 3 Romanian languages between 500 and 1000 A.D. Different from Istriot [ist].
Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern
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| Venetian | [vec]
50,000 in Croatia (1994 T. Salminen). Istrian Peninsula and Dalmatia.
Dialects: Istrian, Tretine, Venetian Proper.
Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Italian
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