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The Coup: 1953, The CIA, and The Roots of Modern U.S.-Iranian Relations [Hardcover]

Ervand Abrahamian
5.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)

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Book Description

February 5, 2013
In August 1953, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency orchestrated the swift overthrow of Iran’s democratically elected leader and installed Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi in his place. Over the next twenty-six years, the United States backed the unpopular, authoritarian shah and his secret police; in exchange, it reaped a share of Iran’s oil wealth and became a key player in this volatile region.

The blowback was almost inevitable, as this new and revealing history of the coup and its consequences shows. When the 1979 Iranian Revolution deposed the shah and replaced his puppet government with a radical Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the shift reverberated throughout the Middle East and the world, casting a long, dark shadow over U.S.-Iran relations that extends to the present day.

In this authoritative new history of the coup and its aftermath, noted Iran scholar Ervand Abrahamian uncovers little-known documents that challenge conventional interpretations and also sheds new light on how the American role in the coup influenced U.S.-Iranian relations, both past and present. Drawing from the hitherto closed archives of British Petroleum, the Foreign Office, and the U.S. State Department, as well as from Iranian memoirs and published interviews, Abrahamian’s riveting account of this key historical event will change America’s understanding of a crucial turning point in modern U.S.-Iranian relations.

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Editorial Reviews

Review

“The CIA-sponsored coup in 1953 that deposed Muhammad Mossadeq, Iran's popular prime minister, is often noted as a failure of interventionist foreign policy. In this slim, readable volume, Iran scholar Abrahamian (A History of Modern Iran) delves into the genesis and aftermath of that operation, challenging the idea that Mossadeq's intransigence made the putsch inevitable. Making extensive use of recently declassified diplomatic cables and the archives of multinational oil companies—especially the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, now BP—the author makes the case that the U.K. and the U.S., unwilling ‘to back down over the hard issue of nationalization [of the oil industry]... were the main stumbling blocks’ in the relationship between Iran and the West. . . . his primer skillfully weaves together primary sources to tell an engaging tale of the machinations, intrigues, and personalities at the heart of the crisis.”
Publishers Weekly

"Abrahamian has done for Iran what de Tocqueville did for France."
—Edward Mortimer, author of Faith and Power: The Politics of Islam, on Ervand Abrahamian’s A History of Modern Iran

"A relevant, readable study of the foreign-engineered 1953 Iranian coup reminds us of the cause that won’t go away: oil."
Kirkus

"In this thorough, well–researched work, Abrahamian (Iranian & Middle Eastern history & politics, CUNY) breaks down the generally accepted understanding of the details behind the 1953 CIA–run coup that ousted Iran’s prime minister, Muhammad Mossadeq, and supported the shah. The author reveals some of the primary motivations behind the current Iranian hostility toward the United States and other Western governments. Through his well–documented research, Abrahamian paints a picture of the coup in the context of British and U.S. oil interests, contrasting these motivations with the desire to curb the spread of Soviet influences. In his examination of information recently made available from the British Foreign Office, the U.S. Department of State, the Anglo–Iranian Oil Company (now BP), and other government documents, Abrahamian pieces together the intricacies of the relationships among these parties and provides a sound argument for the control of oil resources as the dominating issue behind the coup. VERDICT This latest research from Abrahamian is a must read for anyone wanting a clearer understanding of the history behind current U.S.–Iranian relations. Recommended for Middle East–history enthusiasts and specialists, as well as those seeking a full understanding of current international affairs."
Library Journal

About the Author

Ervand Abrahamian is the author of several books, including Tortured Confessions, Khomeinism, Iran Between Two Revolutions, and A History of Modern Iran. He is Distinguished Professor of Iranian and Middle Eastern History and Politics at the City University of New York. He lives in Brooklyn.

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 304 pages
  • Publisher: New Press, The (February 5, 2013)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 1595588264
  • ISBN-13: 978-1595588265
  • Product Dimensions: 8.2 x 5.7 x 1.2 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 15.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 5.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #12,986 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Format:Hardcover
This book could not have come out at a better time, as the neo-conservatives continue to try to inspire confrontation with Iran, using the same methods that Dick Cheney used -- in his case 935 now documented lies -- to invade Iraq.

I was drawn to this book by Leon Hadar's review (he is the author of Sandstorm: Policy Failure in the Middle East in Reason.com, "Our Man in Iran: How the CIA and MI6 installed the Shad." I am a former CIA clandestine case officer, and today an arch-critic of expensive ignorant secret sources and methods, while also being a champion for open source everything and multinational information-sharing and sense-making -- the anti-thesis of all that CIA represents.

Please do look up the Hadar review online, he writes from a geopolitical perspective. As an intelligence professional myself, and as someone who cares deeply about achieving intelligence with integrity in the public interest, my own comments focus on how vital this book is as a means of exposing information pathologies -- below are a few books about such pathologies, all of which are illiminated by this book on UK-US perfidy and CIA "success" that is actually an ignominious denial of history, reality, and morality.

Lost History: Contras, Cocaine, the Press & 'Project Truth'
Fog Facts: Searching for Truth in the Land of Spin
Weapons of Mass Deception
The Age of Missing Information

We are at a turning point in modern human history -- the Earth will survive us, but if we are to survive and prosper, we must confront the stark reality that with a few exceptions (Iceland, Nordics, BENELUX) all Western governments are corrupt to the bone. In the USA, the two-party tyranny whores itself to Wall Street, and there is no difference between the high crimes and misdemeanors of the Cheney Regime (Bush Senior led the CIA team that assassinated JFK, see for example Dark Legacy, Bush Junior was nothing more than a well-intentioned idiot whose Dad and assorted criminal allies bought him the Presidency (and Al Gore's playing dead)) and the Obama Regime with its drones and special forces teams doing extrajudicial killings all over the world, and the Department of Justice making torture and rendition and execution of US citizens "OK" while telling the Court they have a right to lie to the Court in case of national security. America gone mad, indeed.

It is in that context -- and in the context of a new Secretary of State and a new Secretary of Defense -- that we must ask the question this book answers: what price integrity? what price truth? Are we really to stand idly by while the Joint Chiefs of Staff lie to the Congress (and to the President), and we suffer the twin threat of Pentecostal and Jewish crazies in the US military bent on Armageddon on the one hand, and on the other, craven corrupt flag officers and senior executive officers who will tell any lie to protect their budget share irrespective of the FACT that they are overseeing both documented 40% waste across all acquisition programs AND a hollow military that is slowing to a crawl because it has been broken on the rocks of Afghanistan and sandstorms of Iraq?

I have reviewed over 1800 non-fiction books here at Amazon, and my two master lists as well as my list of over 300 intelligence reviews can be found by looking online for the following three as they are written, with all reviews leading back to their respective Amazon pages:

Worth a Look: Book Review Lists (Positive Future-Oriented)

Worth a Look: Book Review Lists (Negative Status-Quo)

Worth a Look: Book Reviews on Intelligence (Most)

Here with my four remaining links, one of the best features Amazon offers (see also Inside the Book above), I want to focus on the COST of secrecy in so far as secrecy enables lies to the public and war that is assuredly NOT in the public interest:

None So Blind: A Personal Account of the Intelligence Failure in Vietnam
War Is A Racket
Legacy of Ashes
The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic (The American Empire Project)

Imagine a book like this for every country the USA has harmed with its virtual colonialism, predatory capitalism, and and unilateral militarism -- all at a cost to the publics both in the USA and in the encumbered countries -- and all for the profit of a few whose crimes have actually been legalized by corrupt politicians thirsting for their 5% kick-backs. We need many more such books, but we also need for every reader to raise their voice and in emulatiion of the Egyptian meme, shout it out: ENOUGH!

For 20 years, after turning my back on spying and recognizing that what we do with secret intelligence is corrupt, a crime against humanity, very expensive, and of no value at all to the public interest, I have been trying to get an Open Source Agency adopted. One of my like-minded colleagues finally got a little box on pages 23 and 413 of the 9/11 Commission, and he was successful in part because Lee Hamilton watched me smash the secret world in an overnight benchmark exercise on Burundi for the Aspin-Brown Commission. Such an agency would have councils of multinational wise men and women for every country, every topic, every event, and it's mantra would be, as mine is, "the truth at any cost reduces all other costs."

This book, at this time, is a line in the sand. Bravo.

Robert David Steele
ON INTELLIGENCE: Spies and Secrecy in an Open World
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1 of 2 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Informative and comprehensive February 16, 2013
Format:Hardcover
Abrahamian's latest book explores the facts behind the CIA coup that overthrew the elected leader of Iran in 1953. Unlike other texts on the subject, this book takes a comprehensive look at the nations and corporations behind the coup, while framing the Iranian people in terms that show their patriotism and hatred of foreign interference. He has access to materials not previously available which help prove his point even more. An essential read for those who really want to understand Iran.
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