Gmail

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about Google's email service. For other uses, see Gmail (disambiguation).
Gmail
Gmail's logo
Gmail screenshot
A screenshot of a Gmail inbox in June 2012
URL mail.google.com
Commercial? yes
Type of site Webmail
Registration Required
Available language(s) 57 languages[1]
Users 425 million (June 2012)[2]
Content license Proprietary
Written in Java and JavaScript[3][4]
Owner Google
Created by Paul Buchheit
Launched 1 April 2004; 9 years ago (2004-04-01)
Current status Online

Gmail is a free, advertising-supported email service provided by Google.[5] Users may access Gmail as secure webmail,[6] as well as via POP3 or IMAP4 protocols.[7][8] Gmail was launched as an invitation-only beta release on April 1, 2004[9] and it became available to the general public on February 7, 2007, though still in beta status at that time.[10] The service was upgraded from beta status on July 7, 2009, along with the rest of the Google Apps suite.[11][12]

With an initial storage capacity offer of 1 GB per user, Gmail significantly increased the webmail standard for free storage from the 2 to 4 MB its competitors such as Hotmail offered at that time.[13] Individual Gmail messages, including attachments, may be up to 25 MB,[14] which is larger than many other mail services support. Gmail has a search-oriented interface and a "conversation view" similar to an Internet forum. Gmail is noted by web developers for its pioneering use of Ajax.[15] Gmail runs on Google GFE/2.0 on Linux.[16][17][18] As of June 2012, it is the most widely used web-based email provider with over 425 million active users worldwide.[2][19]

Contents

[edit] Features

[edit] Storage

Gmail's log-in page (September 2011)

The Gmail service currently provides more than 10 GB of free storage per account.[20][21] Users can rent additional storage (shared between Picasa Web Albums, Google Drive and Gmail) from 25 GB (US$2.49/month) to 16 TB (US$799.99/month), but only 15 GB of this additional storage will apply to Gmail, in effect limiting Gmail storage to 25 GB total.[22] On April 1, 2005, the first anniversary of Gmail, Google announced an increase from 1 GB. Georges Harik, the product management director for Gmail, stated that Google would "keep giving people more space forever."[23]

On April 24, 2012, Gmail announced the increase of free storage in Gmail from 7.5 GB to 10 GB ("and counting") as part of the launch of Google Drive.[24] At the same time, Gmail users became unable to upgrade the size of their e-mail inbox beyond a 30GB limit, irrespective of their price plan.[citation needed]

[edit] Gmail Labs

The Gmail Labs feature, introduced on June 5, 2008,[25] allows users to test new or experimental features of Gmail, such as bookmarking of important email messages or custom keyboard shortcuts. Users can enable or disable Labs features selectively and provide feedback about each of them. This allows Gmail engineers to obtain user input about new features to improve them and also to assess their popularity and whether they merit developing into regular Gmail features. All Labs features are experimental and are subject to termination at any time.[26]

[edit] Spam filter

Gmail's spam filtering features a community-driven system: when any user marks an email as spam, this provides information to help the system identify similar future messages for all Gmail users.[27][28] Users may tune the system to allow mail marked as spam to be handled in particular ways.[27]

[edit] Gmail Mobile

Gmail Mobile is a version of Google's Gmail email service. It is a free service, developed to provide access to Gmail from mobile devices such as cell phones, or smartphones. Gmail Mobile offers many of the features as Gmail delivered effectively to smaller, mobile screens. Users have the ability to compose, read, archive, reply, forward, mark unread, add a star, add custom labels or trash email messages.[29] On September 22, 2009 Google brought Push Mail support to its Gmail service using Google Sync for iPhone and iPod Touch platforms.[30]

In order to use the service a user will need a Gmail account and a mobile device that meets the following requirements:

Gmail Mobile was released on December 16, 2005, and is available in more than 40 languages.[32]

[edit] Social networking

Main articles: Google+ and Google Buzz

On February 9, 2010, Google commenced their new service, Google Buzz, which integrated with Gmail allowing users to share links and media, as well as status updates.[33] Buzz was launched with an automatic opt-in, causing an uproar in the Gmail community which led Google to quickly undo its initial moves.[34] Buzz was discontinued in December 2011 in favor of Google+.

Google+, which was launched on June 28, 2011 as Google's most recent foray into social networking, integrates further into Gmail than Google Buzz, with Google+ profile icons appearing in the headers of emails received in Gmail and Google+ circles appearing in sortings of Gmail contacts. As of August 2012, Gmail's video chat is replaced with Google+ Hangouts for multi-user videoconferencing.

[edit] Google Voice in Gmail chat

Main article: Google Voice

In August 2010, Google released a plugin that provides integrated telephone service within Gmail's Google Chat interface. This service initially lacked an official name, with Google referring to it as "Google Voice in Gmail chat" and also "Call Phones in Gmail",[35][36][37] but is now called Google Video and Voice Chat. The service allows people to make free calls from their Gmail account to U.S. and Canada, at least through the end of 2012.[38] Gmail account users can also call other countries on a fee basis. The service logged over 1 million calls in 24 hours on 26 August 2010.[39]

Google Voice multi-way videoconferencing (with support for document sharing) is now integrated with Google+ Hangouts.[40]

[edit] Offline Google Mail

On August 31, 2011, it was announced on the Official Gmail Blog that Offline Google Mail was launched as a Chrome web app at the Google Chrome Web Store. This HTML5-powered app is based on the Gmail web app on tablets.

On April 11, 2011, Google engineer Sundar Pichai revealed that Google employees had been testing the app together with offline versions of Google Docs and Google Calendar for months and that the apps would be launched in the summer of 2011.[41]

[edit] Gmail Search

Gmail has an integrated search function that resembles Google Search but only searches a user's Gmail account. On May 21, 2012, Gmail improved their search functionality to include autocomplete predictions from the user's email content.[42] As with a web search, Gmail's search functionality cannot search for word fragments, although it does perform partial-string stemming (e.g. searching for 'month' will turn up an email that includes the term 'months').[citation needed]

[edit] Extra security features

When creating a Gmail account, users are asked to provide a recovery email address—to allow them to reset their password if they have forgotten it, or if their account is hacked. In some countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, or India, Google may also require one-time use of a mobile phone number to send an account validation code by SMS text messaging or voice message when creating a new account.[43][44] This requirement to associate a unique recovery email and/or phone number with an account makes it difficult for would-be spammers to set up multiple accounts.[citation needed]

Google also offers a 2-step verification option—for extra security against hacking—that requests a validation code each time the user logs in to their Google account. The code is either generated by an application ("Google Authenticator") or received from Google as an SMS text message, a voice message, or an email to another account.[45] Trusted devices can be "marked" to skip this 2-step log-on authentication.[46] When this feature is switched on, software that cannot provide the validation code (e.g. IMAP and POP3 clients) must use a unique 16-character alphanumeric password generated by Google instead of the user's normal password.[47][48]

[edit] Security Warnings

On June 5, 2012, a new security feature was introduced to protect users from state-sponsored attacks. Whenever Google analyses indicate that a government has attempted to compromise an account, Gmail will display a notice that reads "Warning: We believe state-sponsored attackers may be trying to compromise your account or computer".[49][50]

[edit] Interface

Main article: Gmail interface

The Gmail user interface differs from other Webmail systems with its focus on search and its "conversation view" of email, grouping several replies onto a single page. Gmail's user-experience designer, Kevin Fox, intended users to feel as if they were always on one page and just changing things on that page, rather than having to navigate to other places.[51]

[edit] History

Main article: History of Gmail

The idea for Gmail was pitched by Rajen Sheth during an interview with Google,[52] and went on to be developed by Paul Buchheit several years before it was announced to the public. Initially the email client was available for use only by Google employees internally. Google announced Gmail to the public on April 1, 2004.[53] IMAP support was added on October 24, 2007.[7]

[edit] Domain name history

As of June 22, 2005 (2005-06-22), Gmail's canonical URI changed from http://gmail.google.com/gmail/ to http://mail.google.com/mail/.[54] As of December 2012, those who typed in the former URI were redirected to the latter.

[edit] Gmail hoaxes

See also: Google's hoaxes

[edit] Gmail Paper hoax

On April Fools' Day 2007, Google made fun of paper-based archiving by introducing "Gmail Paper", where a user could click a button and Gmail would purportedly mail an ad-supported paper copy email archive for free.[55]

[edit] Gmail Custom Time hoax

On April Fools' Day 2008, Google introduced a fake service, "Gmail Custom Time", which would allegedly allow a user to send up to ten emails per year with forged timestamps. The hoax stated that by bending spacetime on the Google servers, the emails actually get routed through the fourth dimension of time itself before reaching their intended recipient.[56][57]

[edit] Gmail Autopilot hoax

On April Fools' Day 2009, Google introduced a service called Gmail Autopilot by CADIE.[58] According to Google, the service purported to automatically read and respond to emails for the user. It appeared to work by analyzing messages for the emotions expressed in the message and either providing advice to the user or automatically responding to the message.

[edit] Gmail Motion hoax

On April Fools' Day 2011, Google introduced a service called Gmail Motion which allowed users to navigate emails, send and even dictate messages through the user's physical actions using webcams. For example, to send an email, the user would perform the action of licking a stamp, and posting it. After the user signed up, they would be directed to an "April Fools'" message.[59][60]

[edit] Gmail Tap hoax

On April Fools' Day 2012, Google introduced a service called Gmail Tap, an application for Android and iOS which claimed to double typing speed with a revolutionary new keyboard.[61] The system involves a keyboard with three keys: Morse code "dash" and "dot", and a spacebar (along with backspace). Shortly before midnight, on March 31, 2012 Gmail Tap was added, an Android Application utilizing Morse Code instead of the onscreen keyboard. Selecting Download App for Your Phone produced the message: "Oops! Gmail Tap is a bit too popular right now. We suggest you try downloading it again on April 2nd."[62][63]

[edit] Code changes

Gmail's interface was rewritten in the middle of 2007 and was released to users starting on October 29, 2007. The new version had a redesigned contacts section, quick contacts box and chat popups, which were added to names in the message list as well as the contact list. The contacts application is integrated into other Google services, such as Google Docs. Users granted access to the new version were given a link at the top-right corner which read "Newer Version". As of December 2007, most new registrations in English (US) along with most pre-existing accounts are given the new interface by default when supported.[64][65][3][66]

These coding changes mean that only users of Internet Explorer 7, Firefox 2, Google Chrome and Safari 3.0 (or more recent versions) are officially supported by Gmail and can fully use the new code. Opera 9.5 and more recent versions are not officially tested but are expected to "work with all of Gmail's features". Internet Explorer 5.5+, Netscape 7.1+, Mozilla 1.4+, Firefox 0.8, Safari 1.3 and some other browsers will give limited functionality. Other browsers may be redirected to the basic-HTML-only version of Gmail.[3][67][68][69][70]

During the week of January 18, 2008, Google released an update that changed the way Gmail loads JavaScript. This caused the failure of some third-party extensions.[71]

On December 12, 2008, Gmail added support for faster PDF viewing within the browser.[72]

After Internet Explorer 10 launches for several months, Google Apps no longer supports for Internet Explorer 8 or even older versions.[73]

Gmail was one of the first Google projects to begin using Closure Library, part of Closure Tools, which were later open sourced. Much of the core library was developed concurrently with the 2008 update. [74]

[edit] Criticism

[edit] Privacy

Google automatically scans emails to add context-sensitive advertisements to them and to filter SPAM. Privacy advocates raised concerns that the plan involved scanning their personal, private emails and that this was a security problem. Allowing email content to be read, even by a computer, raises the risk that the expectation of privacy in email will be reduced. Furthermore, email that non-subscribers choose to send to Gmail accounts is scanned by Gmail as well, even though those senders never agreed to Gmail's terms of service or privacy policy. Google can change its privacy policy unilaterally and Google is technically able to cross-reference cookies across its information-rich product line to make dossiers on individuals. However, most email systems make use of server-side content scanning in order to check for spam.[75][76][77]

In 2004, privacy advocates also regard the lack of disclosed data retention and correlation policies as problematic. Google has the ability to combine information contained in a person's email messages with information from Internet searches. Google has not confirmed how long such information is kept or how it can be used. One of the concerns is that it could be of interest to law enforcement agencies. More than 30 privacy and civil liberties organizations have urged Google to suspend Gmail service until these issues are resolved.[78]

Gmail's privacy policy used to contain the clause: "residual copies of deleted messages and accounts may take up to 60 days to be deleted from our active servers and may remain in our offline backup systems". However, this statement does not appear in Gmail's current privacy policy. Less specifically, Google have stated that they will "make reasonable efforts to remove deleted information from our systems as quickly as is practical."[79][80]

Google defends its position by citing their use of email-scanning to the user's benefit. Google states that Gmail refrains from displaying ads next to potentially sensitive messages such as those that mention tragedy, catastrophe, or death.[81]

Gmail accounts of human rights activists in China were hacked in sophisticated attacks — thought to use phishing and exploit a vulnerability in Internet Explorer[82][83][84] — in late 2009. Any (web mail or other) mail system which stores and retains user's email contents is an attractive target for such attacks, but Gmail is popular with security-conscious users because of its early HTTPS secure (encrypted) connection support, and its more-recent HTTPS-only default setting.[6][85]

The launch of Google Buzz as an opt-out social network immediately drew criticism for violating user privacy because it automatically allowed Gmail users' contacts to view their other contacts. Buzz was discontinued in December 2011.[86][87]

In July 2012, some California residents filed a lawsuit against Google and Yahoo! claiming that they illegally intercept emails sent by individual non-Gmail and non-subscribers to Gmail and Yahoo! subscribers without their knowledge, consent or permission.[88]

[edit] Technical limitations

Gmail does not allow users to send or receive executable files or archives containing executable files if it recognizes the file extension as one used for executable files or archives.[89][90]

By design, Gmail does not deliver all of a user's emails. When downloading mail through POP or IMAP access, Gmail fails to deliver messages that users have sent to themselves if the client has a copy of it already.[91] It also does not deliver to a user's inbox (via any access interface) those messages that users have sent to mailing lists and which they might expect to receive back via the mailing list.[92]

Gmail normally sorts email only by conversations (threads), which can be a problem for large conversations. For example, if a user sends a query to a large group of people, all of the responses are stored in a single conversation that is impossible to break apart. There is no way to search for responses from one user without getting the entire conversation. While deletion of individual emails is possible, most operations, such as archiving and labeling, can be performed only on whole conversations. Conversations cannot be split up or combined. As a result of complaints from some users, Google made conversation view optional starting September 29, 2010, but there is currently no method to split individual conversations.

[edit] Outages

Gmail has been unavailable on several occasions. On February 24, 2009, the Gmail service was offline for 2 hours and 30 minutes, preventing millions of users from accessing their accounts. People who rely entirely on Gmail for business purposes complained about these outages.[93][94] Another outage occurred on September 1, 2009. Later that day, a Google vice president, Ben Treynor, explained that the problem, which ultimately resulted in about 100 minutes of outage, was caused by overloaded routers, triggered by a routine configuration change which added more router load than expected. Treynor wrote, "Gmail remains more than 99.9% available to all users, and we're committed to keeping events like today's notable for their rarity."[95][96]

In 2009, Google continued to experience outages across its network, leaving users without access to their email, calendars, and virtual files.[97] Gmail faced another downtime on March 2, 2013 before Noon Time for many of its users. It took 16 minutes for Google to resume this outage. Gmail on mobile and Google's Apps Status Dashboard were the other two experienced the same issue during the time.[98]

Key outage dates include:

Date Outage details Affected users
April 17, 2012 Gmail outage[99] 5.25 million[100]
February 27/28, 2011 Gmail outage. Gmail users after signing in found their Gmail inbox, contact empty.[101] 1.5 million[102]
September 24, 2009 Gmail outage. Gmail accounts were unavailable, users could not access their accounts.[103] Gmail did not mention exact number, in their blog they posted a 'small subset of users' were affected with this outage.[103]
September 1, 2009 Gmail outage[97]
May 14, 2009 Google network outage. For some users Gmail became extremely slow. In some cases, Google services were reported to have completely stopped working.[104]
March 9, 2009 Gmail outage[97]
August 7, 2008 Gmail and Google Apps outage. Accounts affected by a 502 error on login.[105]

[edit] Twenty-four hour lockdowns

If an algorithm detects what Google calls "abnormal usage that may indicate that your account has been compromised", the account can be automatically locked down for between one minute and 24 hours, depending on the type of activity detected. Listed reasons for a lock-down include:[106]

  • "Receiving, deleting, or downloading large amounts of mail via POP or IMAP in a short period of time. If you're getting the error message, 'Lockdown in Sector 4,' you should be able to access Gmail again after waiting 24 hours."[106]
  • "Sending a large number of undeliverable messages (messages that bounce back)."[106]
  • "Using file-sharing or file-storage software, browser extensions, or third party software that automatically logs into your account."[106]
  • "Leaving multiple instances of Gmail open."[106]
  • "Browser-related issues. Please note that if you find your browser continually reloading while attempting to access your Inbox, it's probably a browser issue, and it may be necessary to clear your browser's cache and cookies."[106]

[edit] On behalf of

Prior to July 2009, any email sent through the Gmail interface included the Gmail.com address as the "sender", even if it was sent with a custom email address as "from". For example, an email sent with an external "from" address using Gmail could be displayed to a receiving email client user as From user@gmail.com on behalf of user@OtherDomainEmailAddress.com (the display used by versions of Microsoft Outlook). By exposing the Gmail address, Google claimed that this would "help prevent mail from being marked as spam".[107] A number of Gmail users complained that this implementation was both a privacy concern and a professionalism problem.[108]

On July 30, 2009, Gmail announced an update to resolve this issue.[109] The updated custom 'From:' feature allows users to send messages from Gmail using a custom SMTP server, instead of Gmail's.[110] However, the issue is still present for users whose custom email address is a second Gmail account, rather than an account on a separate domain.[111]

[edit] Reception

[edit] Awards

Gmail was ranked second in PC World's "100 Best Products of 2005", behind Mozilla Firefox. Gmail also won 'Honorable Mention' in the Bottom Line Design Awards 2005.[112][113] In September 2006, Forbes magazine declared Gmail as the best webmail.[114] In November 2006, Gmail received PC World's 4 star rating.[115]

[edit] Trademark disputes

[edit] Germany

The former Google Mail logo
The present Google Mail logo

On July 4, 2005 Google announced that Gmail Deutschland would be rebranded as Google Mail. The domain gmail.com became unavailable in Germany due to trademark disputes, in which cases users must use the domain googlemail.com.[116] From that point forward, visitors originating from an IP address determined to be in Germany would be forwarded to googlemail.com where they could obtain an email address containing the new domain.[117]

The domains are interchangeable so users obliged to use the googlemail.com domain are unable to select addresses already chosen by gmail.com users.[117] Inbound emails sent to either googlemail.com or gmail.com addresses will reach the user. When registering for an online service, Google Mail users must use the googlemail.com form of their email address to ensure that any administrative emails they send to the service, such as confirmation messages, are recognized.[117]

The German naming issue is due to a trademark dispute between Google and Daniel Giersch, who owns a German company called "G-mail" which provides the service of printing out email from senders and sending the print-out via postal mail to the intended recipients. On January 30, 2007, the EU's Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market ruled in favor of Giersch.[118]

Google spoofed "offering" the same service in the Gmail Paper April Fool's Day joke in 2007.[119]

On April 13, 2012, Google received the right to the Gmail trademark in Germany. On this day the gmail.de domain and the Gmail trademark were transferred to Google.[120]

[edit] Poland

In February 2007 Google filed legal action against the owners of gmail.pl, a poet group known in full as Grupa Młodych Artystów i Literatów abbreviated GMAiL (literally, "Group of Young Artists and Writers").[121] This lawsuit was lost but the website no longer exists.[122]

[edit] Russian Federation

A Russian paid mail redirect service called gmail.ru owns the "Gmail" trademark in the Russian Federation.[123]

The gmail.ru domain name dates from January 27, 2003.[124]

[edit] United Kingdom

On October 19, 2005, Google voluntarily converted the United Kingdom version of Gmail to Google Mail because of a dispute with the UK company Independent International Investment Research.[125][126]

Users who registered before the switch to Google Mail were able to keep their Gmail address, although the Gmail logo was replaced with a Google Mail logo. Users who signed up after the name change receive a googlemail.com address, although a reverse of either in the sent email will still deliver it to the same place.

In September 2009 Google began to change the branding of UK accounts back to Gmail following the resolution of the trademark dispute.[127]

On May 3, 2010, Google announced that they would start to phase out the googlemail.com domain in the UK. Existing users will get the option to switch to gmail.com, while new users will be given a gmail.com address by default.[128] This also required Android phone users to perform a factory reset (requiring a back-up to prevent data loss) to restore phone functionality.[129]

[edit] Competition

See also: Comparison of webmail providers

After Gmail's initial development and launch, many existing web mail services quickly increased their storage capacity.[130]

For example, Hotmail increased space for some users from 2 MB to 25 MB, with 250 MB after 30 days, and 2 GB for Hotmail Plus accounts. Yahoo! Mail went from 4 MB to 100 MB and 2 GB for Yahoo! Mail Plus accounts. Yahoo! Mail storage then increased to 250 MB and in late April 2005 to 1 GB. Yahoo! Mail announced that it would be providing "unlimited" storage to all its users in March 2007 and began providing it in May 2007.[131]

These were all seen as moves to stop existing users from switching to Gmail and to capitalize on the newly rekindled public interest in web mail services. The desire to catch up was especially noted in the case of MSN's Hotmail, which upgraded its email storage from 250 MB to the new Windows Live Hotmail which includes 5 GB of storage that expands if necessary. In November 2006, MSN Hotmail upgraded all free accounts to 1 GB of storage.[132]

In June 2005, AOL started providing all AIM screen names with their own email accounts with 2 GB of storage.[133]

Google may terminate a Gmail account after nine months of inactivity.[134] Other webmail services have different, often shorter, times for marking an account as inactive. Yahoo! Mail deactivates dormant accounts after four months.[135][136]

As well as increasing storage limits following the launch of Gmail, Yahoo! Mail and Hotmail also enhanced their email interfaces. During 2005, Yahoo! Mail and Hotmail matched Gmail's attachment size of 10 MB. Following the footsteps of Gmail, Yahoo! launched the Yahoo! Mail Beta service and Microsoft launched Windows Live Hotmail, both incorporating Ajax interfaces. Google increased the maximum attachment size to 20 MB in May 2007[137] and to 25 MB in June 2009.[138]

[edit] See also

[edit] Third party software

[edit] References

  1. ^ "Available interface languages - Gmail Help". Support.google.com. 2012-04-13. Retrieved 2012-08-18. 
  2. ^ a b D'Orazio, Dante (28 June 2012). "Gmail now has 425 million total users". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved 28 June 2012. 
  3. ^ a b c Dan Pupius (2007-10-29). "Code changes to prepare Gmail for the future". Official Gmail Blog. Retrieved 2008-06-01. "So recently the Gmail team has been working on a structural code change that we'll be rolling out to Firefox 2 and IE 7 users over the coming weeks (with other browsers to follow)." 
  4. ^ "The Key To Gmail: Sh*t Umbrellas". TechCrunch. 2010-04-13. Retrieved March 14th, 2010. 
  5. ^ Teeter, Ryan; Karl Barksdale (2011-02-09). Google Apps For Dummies. p. 364 Extra |pages= or |at= (help). ISBN 1-118-05240-4. 
  6. ^ a b Gmail HTTPS-only default setting. Gmail Help Center.
  7. ^ a b "Gmail Now Has IMAP Support". Information Week. 2007-10-24. 
  8. ^ "How do I enable POP?". Google. 2007-09-03. Retrieved 2008-06-01. "You can retrieve your Gmail messages with a client or device that supports POP, like Microsoft Outlook or Netscape Mail." 
  9. ^ "Google Gets the Message, Launches Gmail". Google. April 1, 2004. Retrieved April 21, 2010. 
  10. ^ Matthew Glotzbach, Director, Product Management, Google Enterprise (July 2009). "Google Apps is out of beta (yes, really)". Official Google Blog. Google. Retrieved 2010-06-19. 
  11. ^ Coleman, Keith (July 2009). "Gmail leaves beta, launches "Back to Beta" Labs feature". Retrieved 2009-07-07. 
  12. ^ Vanacore, Andrew (July 2009). "Gmail drops 'beta' label to woo business customer". Retrieved 2009-07-07. [dead link]
  13. ^ Craddock, Dirk (5 January 2010). "A short history of Hotmail". Inside SkyDrive, Hotmail, and Messenger. Microsoft. Retrieved 27 August 2010. 
  14. ^ "Gmail Help Center". Mail.google.com. 2011-03-20. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  15. ^ Wei, Coach K. "AJAX: Asynchronous Java + XML?". www.developer.com. Retrieved 2008-11-13. "In fact, the developer community was jazzed about the technical approach that Google used. In February 2005, AdapativePath's Jesse James Garrett coined the phrase "AJAX" as "Asynchronous JavaScript + XML" to describe this approach." 
  16. ^ "WHOIS for Gmail.com". domaintools.com. 
  17. ^ "Netcraft "What's this site running?" report". Netcraft. 
  18. ^ "OpenGSE Released". Google Open Source Blog. 2009-01-27. 
  19. ^ "Google finally blows past Hotmail to become the world's largest email service". 28 June 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012. 
  20. ^ Gmail homepage. Retrieved October 6, 2008.
  21. ^ "Gmail storage limit". Google. Retrieved 24 March 2012. 
  22. ^ "Old storage plans vs. new storage plans". Gmail. Retrieved April 26, 2012. 
  23. ^ Endless Gmail Storage. Retrieved 30 June 2006.
  24. ^ "Gmail, now with 10 GB of storage (and counting)". Gmail Blog. Retrieved 24 April 2012. 
  25. ^ Keith Coleman (6). "Introducing Gmail Labs Gmail Official Blog". Gmail. Retrieved 1 April 2012. 
  26. ^ Google (March 2011). "About Labs". Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  27. ^ a b "Why messages are marked as Spam". Gmail. Retrieved 1 April 2012. 
  28. ^ Chitu, Alex (2007-10-29). "How Gmail Blocks Spam". Google Operating System: Unofficial news and tips about Google. Retrieved 2009-02-12. "Gmail's filters are constantly improving and an important ingredient of their effectiveness is the use of community signals. Every time you click on the "Mark as spam" button, Gmail uses that information to block similar future messages not only for you, but for all Gmail users also." 
  29. ^ "A new mobile Gmail experience for iPhone and Android". Official Gmail Blog. 7 April 2009. 
  30. ^ "Official Gmail push comes to iPhone, Windows Mobile". cnet. 2009-09-22. Retrieved 2009-09-25. 
  31. ^ Gmail Help Center[dead link]
  32. ^ "你好, नमस्ते and bonjour to better mobile web Gmail". Google Mobile Blog. 13 December 2010. 
  33. ^ Guynn, Jessica (2010-02-09). "Google aims to take on Facebook with new social feature called "Buzz"". LA Times. Retrieved 9 February 2010. 
  34. ^ "The End Of The Road For Google Buzz?| date-2011-2-2". Android Guys. Retrieved 15 February 2011. 
  35. ^ Calore, Michael, "Gmail Gets Dialed Up a Notch With New Calling Feature", Wired Magazine, August 25, 2010
  36. ^ Nowak, Peter (August 2010). "Google launches free voice calls from Gmail". CBC News. Retrieved 26 August 2010. 
  37. ^ "Google announces via Twitter: 1,000,000 Gmail calls in 24 Hours". New York: Nydailynews.com. 2010-08-27. Retrieved 2011-08-12. [dead link]
  38. ^ Newman, Jared (2011-12-13). "Gmail Calling Stays Free Through 2012". Pcworld.com. Retrieved 2012-02-03. 
  39. ^ "Google: 1 Million Gmail Calls On First Day". CNN. 2010-08-26. 
  40. ^ "Google+ Hangouts (Videoconferencing)". Retrieved July 16, 2012. 
  41. ^ MG Siegler. "Coming This Summer: Fully Offline Gmail, Google Calendar, And Google Docs". Retrieved 5 September 2011. 
  42. ^ "Improved Search in Gmail". Official Gmail Blog. Retrieved 21 May 2012. 
  43. ^ "Gmail sign up procedure". LatestCrunch.in. 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-17. 
  44. ^ Google (2009). "I don't have a mobile phone, can I sign up?". Retrieved 2009-07-08. 
  45. ^ "2-step verification : How it works". Google. 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-17. 
  46. ^ "More on 2-step verification". Google. 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-17. 
  47. ^ "Please Turn On Two-Factor Authentication". LifeHacker. Aug 8, 2012 7:10 AM. Retrieved 14 August 2012. 
  48. ^ "9 Google Apps Security Secrets For Business". informationweek.com. Retrieved 14 August 2012. 
  49. ^ "Google Online Security Blog". Official Gmail Blog. Retrieved 5 June 2012. 
  50. ^ CBC News (6 June 2012). "Google to warn users of 'state-sponsored attacks'". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 6 June 2012. 
  51. ^ Lenssen, Philipp. "Kevin Fox of Gmail & FriendFeed on User Experience Design — Google Blogoscoped". blogoscoped.com. Retrieved 2009-05-29. 
  52. ^ Metz, Cade (2011-10-07). "Chromebook: 'Father of Google Apps' Raises Second Child | Wired Enterprise". Wired.com. Retrieved 2011-10-08. 
  53. ^ Sullivan, Danny. "Google Launches Gmail, Free Email Service — Search Engine Watch". searchenginewatch.com. Retrieved 2008-03-12. 
  54. ^ Mathias Bynens (2005-06-25). "Google goes 301". Archived from the original on 2007-08-11. Retrieved 2007-11-25. 
  55. ^ Google (2007-04-01). "Welcome to Gmail (introducing Google Paper)". Retrieved 2008-06-01. 
  56. ^ "Gmail: Google's approach to email". Mail.google.com. 2004-04-01. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  57. ^ McCarthy, Caroline (2008-04-01). "Google does April Fools': 'Custom time' and a Mars trip | The Social". News.cnet.com. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  58. ^ "Gmail Autopilot by CADIE". Mail.google.com. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  59. ^ McDonald, Paul (April 2011). "Introducing Gmail Motion". Gmail Blog. Retrieved 1 April 2011. 
  60. ^ McDonald, Paul (April 2011). "Gmail Motion — A new way to communicate". Retrieved 1 April 2011. 
  61. ^ "Introducing Gmail Tap". Gmail Blog. Google, Inc. 2012-04-01. Retrieved 2012-04-01. 
  62. ^ "Introducing Gmail Tap". Mail.google.com. Retrieved 2012-04-12. 
  63. ^ "Gmail Tap". Mail.google.com. Retrieved 2012-04-12. 
  64. ^ "Google Apps". Google.com. Retrieved 2008-03-12. "Google Docs is integrated with your Gmail contacts list so it's easy to invite people to view or edit your files." 
  65. ^ Philipp Lenssen (2007-10-29). "Gmail 2.0 Screenshots". Google Blogoscoped. Retrieved 2008-06-01. 
  66. ^ Garett Rogers (2007-10-29). "New version of Gmail starting to roll out". ZDNet. Retrieved 2008-06-01. 
  67. ^ "It pays to upgrade your browser". Gmail Help Center. Google. 2007-12-03. Retrieved 2008-06-01. "We've added some great new features to Gmail. To check them out, please upgrade your browser to either Mozilla Firefox 2.0, Safari 3.0 or Internet Explorer 7 (with Google Toolbar)." 
  68. ^ "About AIM in Gmail". Gmail Help Center. Google. 2007-12-07. Retrieved 2008-06-01. [dead link]
  69. ^ "Editing labels". Gmail Help Center. Google. 2007-12-07. Retrieved 2008-06-01. 
  70. ^ Google (April 2010). "Gmail — Supported browsers". Retrieved 2010-04-06. 
  71. ^ Pupius, Dan (2008-01-29). "Gmail/Greasemonkey API issue". Official Gmail Blog. Retrieved 2008-06-01. 
  72. ^ Miller, Marc (2008-12-12). "Official Gmail Blog: Fast PDF viewing right in your browser". Gmailblog.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2009-07-31. 
  73. ^ Google to drop support for IE8 on Nov. 15 - Computerworld
  74. ^ "Closure: The Definitive Guide". Retrieved 4 April 2013. 
  75. ^ "Gmail Privacy Page". Electronic Privacy Information Center. 2004-07-18. Retrieved 2008-06-01. 
  76. ^ Rasch, Mark (June 2004). "Google's Gmail: spook heaven?". Retrieved 2008-11-24. 
  77. ^ "GOOG v China Highlights Security Risk Of Wiretapping Systems — SVW". Siliconvalleywatcher.com. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  78. ^ "Thirty-One Privacy and Civil Liberties Organizations Urge Google to Suspend Gmail". Privacy Rights Clearinghouse. 2004-04-19. Retrieved 2008-06-01. 
  79. ^ Google. "Gmail Privacy Policy". Retrieved 2008-06-01. 
  80. ^ "More on Gmail and privacy". Google. 2007-01-01. Retrieved 2008-03-02. 
  81. ^ "About Gmail: More on Gmail and privacy". Google. 2007-01-01. Retrieved 2009-01-06. "Gmail's filters also block ads from running next to messages about catastrophic events or tragedies, erring on the side of not displaying an ad if the content is questionable." 
  82. ^ Drummond, David. "Google on Blogspot.com: A new approach to China". Googleblog.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  83. ^ "Google on phishing". Googleblog.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  84. ^ Zetter, Kim (2010-01-14). "on Google hack attack". Wired.com. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  85. ^ "Gmail goes "HTTPS-only" by default". Threatpost.com. 2010-01-13. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  86. ^ SkyNews (February 2010). "Google Buzz Has Serious Privacy Flaws". Fox News. Retrieved 2010-02-13. 
  87. ^ Mansfield, Roddy (February 2010). "Google's Buzz 'Has Serious Privacy Flaws'". Retrieved 2010-02-13. 
  88. ^ "Lawsuit: Gmail, Yahoo Email Invade Privacy, Even Non-Users'". ABC News. July 2, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2012. 
  89. ^ Google (2008). "Some file types are blocked". Retrieved 2009-03-01. 
  90. ^ "Title Gmail: Help Center — Can I send or receive an executable file?". Google. 2005-10-14. Retrieved 2008-06-01. "Gmail does not allow users to receive executable files" 
  91. ^ "Some mail was not downloaded". Gmail Help. Google. Retrieved 2009-01-15. "[...] Gmail doesn't download copies of messages sent from within your client, or messages already available in your client." 
  92. ^ "Messages sent to mailing lists don't show in my inbox — Help Center". Mail.google.com. 2011-03-20. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  93. ^ "Where were you during the great Gmail outage of February 2009?". VentureBeat. 2009-02-24. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  94. ^ "The Gfail Whale: Gmail’s Google Gears integration can’t come soon enough". VentureBeat. 2008-08-11. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  95. ^ Singel, Ryan (2009-01-04). "Google Explains Why You Didn’t Have Gmail | Epicenter". Wired.com. Retrieved 2009-09-02. 
  96. ^ Treynor, Ben (2009-09-01). "Official Gmail Blog: More on today's Gmail issue". Official Gmail Blog. Google. Retrieved 2009-09-02. 
  97. ^ a b c "Google Outages Damage Cloud Credibility". 2009-09-24. Retrieved 2009-09-25. 
  98. ^ "Gmail down for users in India since morning - 502 Error!". Retrieved March 2, 2013. 
  99. ^ Needleman, Rafe (2011-10-28). "Gmail users reporting outage | Internet & Media - CNET News". News.cnet.com. Retrieved 2012-04-17. 
  100. ^ "Google Fixes Gmail Outage That Affected Millions of Users". www.pcworld.com/. Retrieved 17 April 2012. 
  101. ^ "Gmail back soon for everyone". The Official Gmail Blog. 28 February 2011. 
  102. ^ Charlie White (28). "Google Glitch Disables 150,000 Gmail Accounts". Mashable. Retrieved 17 April 2012. 
  103. ^ a b Stephen Shankland. "Gmail outage hits 'small subset of users'". cnet News. Retrieved 17 April 2012. 
  104. ^ "Google down!". Computer World (computerworld.com). Retrieved 17 April 2012. 
  105. ^ Dave Burdick (2008-08-11). "Gmail Outage: Internet Resorts To 140-Character Complaints As Email Site Goes Down". http://www.huffingtonpost.com/. Retrieved 17 April 2012. 
  106. ^ a b c d e f Google (2010). "My account has been locked". Retrieved 23 March 2010. 
  107. ^ "Adding a custom 'From' address — Gmail Help". Mail.google.com. Retrieved 2009-07-31. 
  108. ^ Manjoo, Farhad (2009-05-04). "Maintaining A True Universal Inbox on Gmail Remains Elusive — Gadgetwise Blog — NYTimes.com". Gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2009-07-31. 
  109. ^ "Update: New way to "send mail as" without "on behalf of" — Gmail Help". Google.com. Retrieved 2009-07-31. 
  110. ^ Google (July 2009). "Adding a custom 'From' address". Retrieved 2009-07-30. 
  111. ^ "Multiple Gmail accounts showing "on behalf of"". Google Help. Retrieved 2010-02-18. 
  112. ^ PCWorld.com — The 100 Best Products of 2005, retrieved 14 May 2006
  113. ^ Bottom Line Design Awards Honorable Mentions. Retrieved 14 February 2007.
  114. ^ "Google Awards". [dead link]
  115. ^ "Google Award". [dead link]
  116. ^ Juan Carlos Perez (2007-07-05). "Gmail Germany Trademark dispute". Retrieved 2011-01-26. 
  117. ^ a b c "Google Mail vs. Gmail". Retrieved 2011-01-26. 
  118. ^ Anderson, Nate. "Google can't use "Gmail" name in Europe". arstechnica.com. Retrieved 2008-03-12. 
  119. ^ Google (2008). "Introducing Gmail Paper". Retrieved 2008-11-23. 
  120. ^ Frederic Lardinois (April 2012). "Google Finally Gets Right To Gmail Trademark In Germany". http://techcrunch.com/. Retrieved 15 April 2012. 
  121. ^ Schwartz, Barry. "Google Sues Group Of Polish Poets Over Gmail.pl Name". searchengineland.com. Retrieved 2009-02-10. 
  122. ^ "Former GMAiL Website". Retrieved 02-03-2012. 
  123. ^ "Зарегистрированный Товарный Знак". Archived from the original on 2008-02-12. Retrieved 2008-06-01. 
  124. ^ "NIC.ru and RIPN WHOIS Server". 
  125. ^ Google Mail in the UK, retrieved 14 May 2006
  126. ^ Weber, Tim (2005-10-19). "Google drops Gmail address in UK". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-04-18. 
  127. ^ Bradshaw, Tim (September 2009). "The curious case of the UK’s missing Gmail". Retrieved 14 May 2010. 
  128. ^ Bullock, Greg (May 2010). "Google Mail is becoming Gmail in the UK". Retrieved 4 May 2010. 
  129. ^ Dawson, Andy (2010-05-08). "Googlemail changes to Gmail but snarls up Android phones". Bitterwallet.com. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  130. ^ Glauser, Stephen. "Should you switch to Gmail?". Too Real. Retrieved 2008-06-01. [dead link]
  131. ^ Mills, Elinor. "Yahoo Mail to offer unlimited storage | CNET News.com". News.cnet.com. Retrieved 2009-07-31. 
  132. ^ "1 GB Hotmail mailboxes". Mailcall.spaces.live.com. 2006-11-27. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  133. ^ Saalfield, Peter (2005-06-07). "AOL launches free Web mail service". NetworkWorld. Retrieved 2009-07-13. 
  134. ^ "Gmail — Program Policies". Google.com. 2008-09-12. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  135. ^ Yahoo! (2009). "Do you close accounts due to inactivity?". Retrieved 2009-04-26. [dead link]
  136. ^ Microsoft (undated). "About your e-mail service". Retrieved 2009-04-26. 
  137. ^ "Gmail Doubles Maximum Attachment Size to 20 MB". Googlesystem.blogspot.com. 2007-05-22. Retrieved 2011-08-12. 
  138. ^ "Gmail Increases Maximum Attachment Size to 25 MB". Google. Retrieved 2009-06-07. 

[edit] External links

Find more about Gmail at Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions and translations from Wiktionary
Media from Commons
Learning resources from Wikiversity
News stories from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Source texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Travel information from Wikivoyage
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gmail&oldid=550869378"