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Hodeida

 

The city of Hodeida   is located on the Red Sea coast, and away from the capital Sana'a, a distance of up to about (226) kilometers.

The population of the Bride of the Red Sea represents  almost  (11%) of the total population of the republic , and it  ranks the  second in terms of population after the province of Taiz . The number of province districts is (26) districts, and the centre of the province is  Hodeida  city . Agriculture is the main activity of the population of the province, where it occupies the first rank  among the governorates in the production of some crops with up to (26%) of the total production, and the most important agricultural crops are  vegetables, fruits and fodder, as well as fishing  activity as a result  of the province overlooks a Long coastline rich in fish and marine livings  in quantity and quality. The  commercial activity in Hodeida   is privileged through the processes of (import and export) to the second main port of the Republic of Yemen, as there are in the province many industrial facilities  the most important are Cement Bajel factory , food industry and soft drinks. The most important minerals in the province land  are: granite, black sand, pigments, ceramics, rock salt, gypsum and some other clay minerals.

The  tourism attractions in the Hodeida  province are variety in addition to its historical landmarks , the most important Islamic ruins in the historic city of Zabid,as  the great mosque  and AL-Asha'er  mosque  in Beit al-Faqih and the coastal city of Koka , natural bath. The temperature average in Hodeida  during the days of the year up to (29) degrees Celsius.

Location:

Hodeida   province is located  in the western part of the Republic of Yemen and stretching on the west coastline overlooking the Red Sea coast between longitudes (42-43) east Greenwich and between latitudes (14-16) north of the equator. It's away from the capital Sana'a  up to about (226) kilometers. It  relates to parts of the provinces of Ibb , Dhamar, Sana'a, Rayma, Mahweet,  Haja from the east, Haja  province from the north, the province of Taiz from the south and  the Red Sea to the west.

Area:
The area of ​​the province is about (117,145) square kilometers. It is distributed in twenty-six districts.  

Population: it ranks the second in terms of population after the province of Taiz, since  the population of the province of Hodeida  , according to the results of the general census of population, housing and establishments for the year 2004 ,is (2,157,552) and the population is growing at a rate of (3.25%).

 

District

Area-K2

No of Housings

No of families

NO of males

NO of females

Total

Zuhra

776

23178

23037

70408

67625

138045

Luhaia

1299

18293

17991

54319

51363

105682

Kamaran

107

665

496

1269

1179

2465

Saleef

154

1042

930

3359

2984

6343

Monira

640

6265

6059

19134

18049

37183

Qanaws

378

12723

12028

37057

35279

72336

Zaidia

500

16760

16085

49155

45885

95048

Miklaf

170

6693

6553

20196

19234

39436

Dhuha

246

8686

8477

27916

26583

54503

Bajil

1645

29737

28021

86526

83317

169884

Hajila

104

1828

1701

4802

4885

9694

Bura

242

7454

7614

21246

23870

45116

Marawa

746

22903

21740

65706

63816

129527

Duraihimi

659

10679

10129

28504

26509

55013

Sukhna

379

11312

10511

30079

29573

59652

Mansuria

194

8143

7672

22597

22145

44744

Bait AL-Faqi

1529

40192

39211

124600

116686

241300

Jabal Rass

410

8684

8047

21326

13348

44674

Haiss

262

7490

6964

22338

23093

45436

Kuka

557

5261

5064

17252

16512

33764

Howk

62

23896

22630

83490

71787

155369

Mina

17

14640

13654

49842

41771

91843

Hali

102

26201

24909

89436

78564

168071

Zabid

585

16795

24060

79092

76403

155585

Jarahi

628

16464

14913

44191

44969

89163

Taita

813

11765

10811

35082

32578

67660

Others

 

 

2

8

8

16

 Terrain: Hodeida consists generally of  flat plain with a little slope towards the sea, and its surface is curled  simply in a shape of transverse sequential waves, its bottoms are occupied with the valleys  tributaries  flow into the sea,   but its tops are consist mostly of  either from some sand dunes low-rise or some remnants blocs retreating inward, and it is known geology that this coastal plain is part of the groove of the Red Sea covered  with the recent  precipitations   can be divided into two parts that it's  difficult to trace their borders or to separate them . In the part near to the Red Sea coast , the precipitations  are set up of sea creations   belong to  the ends of  the third and fourth times  covered with modern air   sandy  precipitations  ,and  the part near to the  mountains foots is composed of delta precipitations  some are rough like  in the big gravel and   rock fragments, and others consists of fine particles of rocks crumbs that held   with valleys descending from the mountains, and these rough delta precipitations disappear  gradually under the  sandy precipitations  where some springs with fresh water appear on the boundary between them and from  the above Hodeida province can be divided in terms of the surface into three sections:
 

A - Coastal plains.             B - Highlands.                   C - Group of islands.

A - coastal plains:  most lands of  Hodeida  province are located in the steppe region to the coast of Tehama, and this plain extends from Luhaia  in the north to Kuka in the south with length of about (300 km) and width between (60 - 150 km), and this plain is  penetrated  with many valleys that are the mouths of the floods and rain water that comes from the interior highlands to the province and from the  hills and mountains of the provinces of Ibb , Dhamar, Sana'a , Mahweet and Haja until it snaps in the Red Sea . The most important valleys in Hodeida  province plain are as follows:

1 - Moore valley: comes from the west of Hashid country and Yazid  mountain  and west of  Dulaa mountain  and Tawila and from the  north of  Mahweet and Khabt   and from Maswar , Haja , Khahlan m Saqeen and Khashr mountain  and meets  in Waeethat  and water Zuhra then  flow into  the Red Sea to the  south of Luhaia . It  is one of the largest valleys in the Tihama.

2 - Surdd valley:  comes from Ahjur to the  west of  Sana'a ,  Dulaa Kawkaban , west and north of Shoaib mountain  and  Malhan  then  meets  Khamis Bani Saad, and passes there in the strait of a large valley  Wadi with  perennial water flow  but lost under the sands and irrigates cities of Al-Muhjm which is a historic city  was left only ruins, including the Lighthouse of the city mosque , Dhuhaa  and Zaidi and flows into the Red Sea to the south of Zaidi.

3 – Siham valley : comes from the outskirts of the western high Khawlan , Wallan , Samik , Aafish and Gharish  Ans  and includes the flood of north Ans, south of  Bani Matar , south of  Al-Haima , south of  Haraz and north of Raima mountains  then  passes the northern Bura  mountain   to irrigates  Marawaa and Qatee lands  and flow  into the Red Sea to the south of Hodeida .

4 – Rimaa valley: comes from Dhuran Ans ,  Ali  bath  , north of Utma  mountains , north of Wsab  and south of Raima   and gets down to Bani Sawada and Mishrafa  then Haruba and Husainia  and flows into the Red Sea.

5 - Palm Valley: comes from North Sharhab and South Odain and passes Lakes and irrigates a country Aldobla North Red Nectarine sea is.

6 - Zabid valley and its branches: comes from Odain and Anna valley ,  Sohol valley  descending from the north of Ibb and Badan valleys ,Ghrban and Manar,  and Hobeish mountain  valleys,  Nagari ,  Makhadr,  Barkin valley ,  She'an  valley , Jwar AL-Nazleen from Bani Muslim to the west of Yarim, Kafr valleys descending from Otma  and Maghreb Ans and valleys descending from east of Wsabine and meet  in the strait between the Jabal Rass  and Wsab then  irrigate Zabid and go down to the Red Sea in  Fara coast.

7 -  Tbab valley in  Qanawis:  descends from north of Malhan  mountain and  Al-Dhahr mountain that belong to Khabt  and irrigates Qanawis lands and gets down to Ibn Abbas in the Red Sea.

8 - Alogh valley: descends  from Kusma and Jaafarih mountain  and passes the khaya valley to  Al-Gah.

9 – Lawia  valley: comes from the western mountains of Raima to the Rimal and Al-Duraihmi from  Zaranik.

There are many other small valleys that spread in the plains of the province.


B - Highlands: the most important highlands in the  province of Hodeida  are :

- Jabal Rass : Located in the districts of Jabal Rass, in the south-east of Zabid . It overlooks from the northern side  Zabid valley , and from the  south to Palm valley, and it rises of sea level by about (2000 meters).

- Bura mountain : Located in the districts of  Bura  and rises of sea level by about (2400 meters)

- Dabas mountain  and Mastour mountain  : located in districts of Haiss.


- Rukab mountain: Located in the districts of Zabid.

- Dhamr  mountains: a mountain range lies to the east of the Bagil and extends from the north of Bura to the east of  Bagel.

-Dumn mountains : a mountain range located to the  west of Dhamr mountain range intermediated  with a large plain known Dumn plain  extends  from Siham  to Bajil.

- Wahna mountains: a  mountain range  stretching from east to west of  north Bagil and overlooks to the north  Surdd valley and from the south to Bagil and a plain  known as Azzan valley separated  between them .

- Sharif mountain : located in the south of  Bagil city.  There is a castle  called Sharif Mountain Castle.

- Summit mountain : Located in the east of  Salif city  (25 kilometers). It has  salt mines.

C - Islands group: in the Red Sea there is  a group of Yemeni islands before the coast of  Hodeida  province .They are  up to more than (40 Island) some of them are  small and the most important  are the following islands:

1 - Kamaran: it's a  populated island and away from the port of Salif about (7 nautical miles) and its  area (35 square miles) . It has a strategic importance .The Egyptians Mamlik have  came to it  led by "Hussein Kurdish" in (921 AH) and then it  remained under Ottoman control until it occupied by  Britain in  (1867 AD), and used as a quarantined for pilgrims, and there is  a Yemeni military base there to protect the Yemeni coasts and islands, and now there is  a diving club  exploits for tourist.

2 - Tagfash (Antovic)  Island: it  is one of the largest islands in the face of Luhaia port with  an area (28 km 2),it's shape is  almost rectangular  and rises  about (36 feet) above sea level . It  is considered one of the islands that has a  strategic and economic importance, and currently has a diving club exploits for  tourist.

3 - Great Hanish Island: its  north-eastern tip is away  from  the coast at about (28 nautical miles), and its  area is  
​​about (67 km 2). It is located at latitude (44.13) in the north and  longitude (45.42) in the east. It's  a rocky island that has a  mountain range over its length and the highest elevation of this mountain range is (1335 feet) .  In  (1981 ) , the  general association  for Yemeni ports has built a lighthouse to guide ships and service the  international shipping.

4 - Lesser Hanish Island: it's  away from the coast at about (25 nautical miles), its  area is
​​
about (10 km 2) . It's a rocky volcanic island . Its highest elevation is (627 feet) .  In (1981) the  general association  for Yemeni ports has built a lighthouse to guide ships and service the  international shipping.

Climate:
Hodeida  climate is influenced by all conditions that affect in the climate of Yemen generally and lead to various manifestations . The  rain on the inner highlands  or most of them may find their way  to tributaries and valleys take it to the Red Sea, or it  may find their way through the layers to Tihama plain  on the Red sea . Hodeida  climate is characterized by long  hot summer and short warm winter , and the following are the most important climatic elements:

A - Temperature:
The monthly average of the maximum temperature in summer is up to  (37.5 degrees Celsius) and the low to (19.6 degrees Celsius), while in winter the monthly average of the maximum temperature is  up to (24 Celsius) and the low to (14 ° C).

B - Relative humidity and the sea:

The humidity average is considered high  because the average of the relative humidity is between (70 - 85 C), and the evaporation rate is high and more than the rainfall rate.

C - Rain:
Rainfall amounts is vary in the province from one region to another, where the falling rates  increased   to the eastern parts and  the highlands. While it's little or  sometimes missing  on the coastal strip in general.
Generally, the rainfall in the province is usually in the spring season and at the end of  summer and autumn, but the  rainfall amounts are usually more in the summer and autumn.

* Where the amount of monthly rainfall (in millimeter ) to the main monitoring stations during 2004 was  128,803 mm in the province of Hodeida .

Vegetation:
Vegetation is varies in the province since there are many  old trees as well as grasses and small plants in the plains and uncultivated sand dunes.
Palm , many plants and different types of old trees  spread at the end of the valleys and plains as well as  some of the old trees.
Vegetation is missing in the rocky parts and the coastal areas except  some Dom palm trees that abound in different parts of the coastal strip.

* Rare and wild animals and birds available in the province:

There are different types of untamed animals either  wild or  pets were spreading  in the past  in Tihama plains but  with the passage of time, they  vanished and many of them became extinct except some of them that their presence concentrated in the eastern parts and near the mountain heights free of the population such as hyenas, foxes, tigers, rabbits, hyraxes  but in small and rare numbers .
For birds , they are exist  in  Tihama  plain  including hawks, punishment,  Bee-eater , stork, owls, wild pigeons, seagull  and  hoopoe.

Sources:
Yemen Facts and Figures-  National Information Center.
Field and office operations report in the province of Hodeida .
Final results of the General Census of Population, Housing and Establishments 2004.
Tourist Guide to the province of Hodeida .
Agricultural Statistics Book 2009.
Public administration of local councils Fourth Conference of the local councils in 2006.

Tourism survey results in the period (1996-1999 AD).



 

 

 

 

   
       

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