The city of Hodeida is located on the Red Sea coast, and away from the capital Sana'a, a distance of up to about (226) kilometers.
The population of the Bride of the Red Sea represents almost (11%) of the total population of the republic , and it ranks the second in terms of population after the province of Taiz . The number of province districts is (26) districts, and the centre of the province is Hodeida city . Agriculture is the main activity of the population of the province, where it occupies the first rank among the governorates in the production of some crops with up to (26%) of the total production, and the most important agricultural crops are vegetables, fruits and fodder, as well as fishing activity as a result of the province overlooks a Long coastline rich in fish and marine livings in quantity and quality. The commercial activity in Hodeida is privileged through the processes of (import and export) to the second main port of the Republic of Yemen, as there are in the province many industrial facilities the most important are Cement Bajel factory , food industry and soft drinks. The most important minerals in the province land are: granite, black sand, pigments, ceramics, rock salt, gypsum and some other clay minerals.
The tourism attractions in the Hodeida province are variety in addition to its historical landmarks , the most important Islamic ruins in the historic city of Zabid,as the great mosque and AL-Asha'er mosque in Beit al-Faqih and the coastal city of Koka , natural bath. The temperature average in Hodeida during the days of the year up to (29) degrees Celsius.
Location:
Hodeida province is located in the western part of the Republic of Yemen and stretching on the west coastline overlooking the Red Sea coast between longitudes (42-43) east Greenwich and between latitudes (14-16) north of the equator. It's away from the capital Sana'a up to about (226) kilometers. It relates to parts of the provinces of Ibb , Dhamar, Sana'a, Rayma, Mahweet, Haja from the east, Haja province from the north, the province of Taiz from the south and the Red Sea to the west.
Area: The area of the province is about (117,145) square kilometers. It is distributed in twenty-six districts.
Population: it ranks the second in terms of population after the province of Taiz, since the population of the province of Hodeida , according to the results of the general census of population, housing and establishments for the year 2004 ,is (2,157,552) and the population is growing at a rate of (3.25%).
District |
Area-K2 |
No of Housings |
No of families |
NO of males |
NO of females |
Total |
Zuhra |
776 |
23178 |
23037 |
70408 |
67625 |
138045 |
Luhaia |
1299 |
18293 |
17991 |
54319 |
51363 |
105682 |
Kamaran |
107 |
665 |
496 |
1269 |
1179 |
2465 |
Saleef |
154 |
1042 |
930 |
3359 |
2984 |
6343 |
Monira |
640 |
6265 |
6059 |
19134 |
18049 |
37183 |
Qanaws |
378 |
12723 |
12028 |
37057 |
35279 |
72336 |
Zaidia |
500 |
16760 |
16085 |
49155 |
45885 |
95048 |
Miklaf |
170 |
6693 |
6553 |
20196 |
19234 |
39436 |
Dhuha |
246 |
8686 |
8477 |
27916 |
26583 |
54503 |
Bajil |
1645 |
29737 |
28021 |
86526 |
83317 |
169884 |
Hajila |
104 |
1828 |
1701 |
4802 |
4885 |
9694 |
Bura |
242 |
7454 |
7614 |
21246 |
23870 |
45116 |
Marawa |
746 |
22903 |
21740 |
65706 |
63816 |
129527 |
Duraihimi |
659 |
10679 |
10129 |
28504 |
26509 |
55013 |
Sukhna |
379 |
11312 |
10511 |
30079 |
29573 |
59652 |
Mansuria |
194 |
8143 |
7672 |
22597 |
22145 |
44744 |
Bait AL-Faqi |
1529 |
40192 |
39211 |
124600 |
116686 |
241300 |
Jabal Rass |
410 |
8684 |
8047 |
21326 |
13348 |
44674 |
Haiss |
262 |
7490 |
6964 |
22338 |
23093 |
45436 |
Kuka |
557 |
5261 |
5064 |
17252 |
16512 |
33764 |
Howk |
62 |
23896 |
22630 |
83490 |
71787 |
155369 |
Mina |
17 |
14640 |
13654 |
49842 |
41771 |
91843 |
Hali |
102 |
26201 |
24909 |
89436 |
78564 |
168071 |
Zabid |
585 |
16795 |
24060 |
79092 |
76403 |
155585 |
Jarahi |
628 |
16464 |
14913 |
44191 |
44969 |
89163 |
Taita |
813 |
11765 |
10811 |
35082 |
32578 |
67660 |
Others |
|
|
2 |
8 |
8 |
16 |
Terrain: Hodeida consists generally of flat plain with a little slope towards the sea, and its surface is curled simply in a shape of transverse sequential waves, its bottoms are occupied with the valleys tributaries flow into the sea, but its tops are consist mostly of either from some sand dunes low-rise or some remnants blocs retreating inward, and it is known geology that this coastal plain is part of the groove of the Red Sea covered with the recent precipitations can be divided into two parts that it's difficult to trace their borders or to separate them . In the part near to the Red Sea coast , the precipitations are set up of sea creations belong to the ends of the third and fourth times covered with modern air sandy precipitations ,and the part near to the mountains foots is composed of delta precipitations some are rough like in the big gravel and rock fragments, and others consists of fine particles of rocks crumbs that held with valleys descending from the mountains, and these rough delta precipitations disappear gradually under the sandy precipitations where some springs with fresh water appear on the boundary between them and from the above Hodeida province can be divided in terms of the surface into three sections:
A - Coastal plains. B - Highlands. C - Group of islands.
A - coastal plains: most lands of Hodeida province are located in the steppe region to the coast of Tehama, and this plain extends from Luhaia in the north to Kuka in the south with length of about (300 km) and width between (60 - 150 km), and this plain is penetrated with many valleys that are the mouths of the floods and rain water that comes from the interior highlands to the province and from the hills and mountains of the provinces of Ibb , Dhamar, Sana'a , Mahweet and Haja until it snaps in the Red Sea . The most important valleys in Hodeida province plain are as follows:
1 - Moore valley: comes from the west of Hashid country and Yazid mountain and west of Dulaa mountain and Tawila and from the north of Mahweet and Khabt and from Maswar , Haja , Khahlan m Saqeen and Khashr mountain and meets in Waeethat and water Zuhra then flow into the Red Sea to the south of Luhaia . It is one of the largest valleys in the Tihama.
2 - Surdd valley: comes from Ahjur to the west of Sana'a , Dulaa Kawkaban , west and north of Shoaib mountain and Malhan then meets Khamis Bani Saad, and passes there in the strait of a large valley Wadi with perennial water flow but lost under the sands and irrigates cities of Al-Muhjm which is a historic city was left only ruins, including the Lighthouse of the city mosque , Dhuhaa and Zaidi and flows into the Red Sea to the south of Zaidi.
3 – Siham valley : comes from the outskirts of the western high Khawlan , Wallan , Samik , Aafish and Gharish Ans and includes the flood of north Ans, south of Bani Matar , south of Al-Haima , south of Haraz and north of Raima mountains then passes the northern Bura mountain to irrigates Marawaa and Qatee lands and flow into the Red Sea to the south of Hodeida .
4 – Rimaa valley: comes from Dhuran Ans , Ali bath , north of Utma mountains , north of Wsab and south of Raima and gets down to Bani Sawada and Mishrafa then Haruba and Husainia and flows into the Red Sea.
5 - Palm Valley: comes from North Sharhab and South Odain and passes Lakes and irrigates a country Aldobla North Red Nectarine sea is.
6 - Zabid valley and its branches: comes from Odain and Anna valley , Sohol valley descending from the north of Ibb and Badan valleys ,Ghrban and Manar, and Hobeish mountain valleys, Nagari , Makhadr, Barkin valley , She'an valley , Jwar AL-Nazleen from Bani Muslim to the west of Yarim, Kafr valleys descending from Otma and Maghreb Ans and valleys descending from east of Wsabine and meet in the strait between the Jabal Rass and Wsab then irrigate Zabid and go down to the Red Sea in Fara coast.
7 - Tbab valley in Qanawis: descends from north of Malhan mountain and Al-Dhahr mountain that belong to Khabt and irrigates Qanawis lands and gets down to Ibn Abbas in the Red Sea.
8 - Alogh valley: descends from Kusma and Jaafarih mountain and passes the khaya valley to Al-Gah.
9 – Lawia valley: comes from the western mountains of Raima to the Rimal and Al-Duraihmi from Zaranik.
There are many other small valleys that spread in the plains of the province.
B - Highlands: the most important highlands in the province of Hodeida are :
- Jabal Rass : Located in the districts of Jabal Rass, in the south-east of Zabid . It overlooks from the northern side Zabid valley , and from the south to Palm valley, and it rises of sea level by about (2000 meters).
- Bura mountain : Located in the districts of Bura and rises of sea level by about (2400 meters)
- Dabas mountain and Mastour mountain : located in districts of Haiss.
- Rukab mountain: Located in the districts of Zabid.
- Dhamr mountains: a mountain range lies to the east of the Bagil and extends from the north of Bura to the east of Bagel.
-Dumn mountains : a mountain range located to the west of Dhamr mountain range intermediated with a large plain known Dumn plain extends from Siham to Bajil.
- Wahna mountains: a mountain range stretching from east to west of north Bagil and overlooks to the north Surdd valley and from the south to Bagil and a plain known as Azzan valley separated between them .
- Sharif mountain : located in the south of Bagil city. There is a castle called Sharif Mountain Castle.
- Summit mountain : Located in the east of Salif city (25 kilometers). It has salt mines.
C - Islands group: in the Red Sea there is a group of Yemeni islands before the coast of Hodeida province .They are up to more than (40 Island) some of them are small and the most important are the following islands:
1 - Kamaran: it's a populated island and away from the port of Salif about (7 nautical miles) and its area (35 square miles) . It has a strategic importance .The Egyptians Mamlik have came to it led by "Hussein Kurdish" in (921 AH) and then it remained under Ottoman control until it occupied by Britain in (1867 AD), and used as a quarantined for pilgrims, and there is a Yemeni military base there to protect the Yemeni coasts and islands, and now there is a diving club exploits for tourist.
2 - Tagfash (Antovic) Island: it is one of the largest islands in the face of Luhaia port with an area (28 km 2),it's shape is almost rectangular and rises about (36 feet) above sea level . It is considered one of the islands that has a strategic and economic importance, and currently has a diving club exploits for tourist.
3 - Great Hanish Island: its north-eastern tip is away from the coast at about (28 nautical miles), and its area is about (67 km 2). It is located at latitude (44.13) in the north and longitude (45.42) in the east. It's a rocky island that has a mountain range over its length and the highest elevation of this mountain range is (1335 feet) . In (1981 ) , the general association for Yemeni ports has built a lighthouse to guide ships and service the international shipping.
4 - Lesser Hanish Island: it's away from the coast at about (25 nautical miles), its area is about (10 km 2) . It's a rocky volcanic island . Its highest elevation is (627 feet) . In (1981) the general association for Yemeni ports has built a lighthouse to guide ships and service the international shipping.
Climate: Hodeida climate is influenced by all conditions that affect in the climate of Yemen generally and lead to various manifestations . The rain on the inner highlands or most of them may find their way to tributaries and valleys take it to the Red Sea, or it may find their way through the layers to Tihama plain on the Red sea . Hodeida climate is characterized by long hot summer and short warm winter , and the following are the most important climatic elements:
A - Temperature: The monthly average of the maximum temperature in summer is up to (37.5 degrees Celsius) and the low to (19.6 degrees Celsius), while in winter the monthly average of the maximum temperature is up to (24 Celsius) and the low to (14 ° C).
B - Relative humidity and the sea:
The humidity average is considered high because the average of the relative humidity is between (70 - 85 C), and the evaporation rate is high and more than the rainfall rate.
C - Rain: Rainfall amounts is vary in the province from one region to another, where the falling rates increased to the eastern parts and the highlands. While it's little or sometimes missing on the coastal strip in general. Generally, the rainfall in the province is usually in the spring season and at the end of summer and autumn, but the rainfall amounts are usually more in the summer and autumn.
* Where the amount of monthly rainfall (in millimeter ) to the main monitoring stations during 2004 was 128,803 mm in the province of Hodeida .
Vegetation: Vegetation is varies in the province since there are many old trees as well as grasses and small plants in the plains and uncultivated sand dunes. Palm , many plants and different types of old trees spread at the end of the valleys and plains as well as some of the old trees. Vegetation is missing in the rocky parts and the coastal areas except some Dom palm trees that abound in different parts of the coastal strip.
* Rare and wild animals and birds available in the province:
There are different types of untamed animals either wild or pets were spreading in the past in Tihama plains but with the passage of time, they vanished and many of them became extinct except some of them that their presence concentrated in the eastern parts and near the mountain heights free of the population such as hyenas, foxes, tigers, rabbits, hyraxes but in small and rare numbers . For birds , they are exist in Tihama plain including hawks, punishment, Bee-eater , stork, owls, wild pigeons, seagull and hoopoe.
Sources: Yemen Facts and Figures- National Information Center. Field and office operations report in the province of Hodeida . Final results of the General Census of Population, Housing and Establishments 2004. Tourist Guide to the province of Hodeida . Agricultural Statistics Book 2009. Public administration of local councils Fourth Conference of the local councils in 2006.
Tourism survey results in the period (1996-1999 AD).
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