PARIS — Two hundred years after his death, the Marquis de Sade, dark philosopher of libertines and sexual freedom, is making a comeback as a muse for art exhibitions, a video game and an unlikely museum trailer.
On Tuesday, the Musée d’Orsay opened its exhibition “Sade: Attacking the Sun,” promoting it with a tribute to the French aristocrat’s radical vision of the 18th century with a brief video trailer of writhing nude men and women. Soon after, YouTube posted a warning, “For Viewers Under 18,” on the 53-second video.
It was rather tame stuff by comparison to the artistic mayhem in the Musée d’Orsay’s exhibition of artists influenced by Sade’s views that challenged limits and desires. There are works by Goya exploring cannibals preparing their victims for slaughter, the rape of the Sabines by Pablo Picasso and Paul Cézanne’s haunting portrait of a strangled woman.
For the Musée d’Orsay, the show is just its latest step to push the limits. Earlier, under the leadership of its president, Guy Cogeval, it organized an exhibition on crime and punishment that included an original French guillotine. More recently it created a show on male nudes that broke audience records and also prompted Facebook to also issue warnings about a museum trailer that featured some frontal nudity.
The Sade show, which ends Jan. 25, coincides with the 200th anniversary of the death of Donatien Alphonse François de Sade, who penned his provocative novel, “The 120 Days of Sodom,” while imprisoned in 1785 in the Bastille. He was held there on a royal order — pressed by his mother-in-law — in connection with charges against him for sodomy and poisoning prostitutes.
The exhibition is one of two in the French capital exploring the influence of the man, whose reach has extended to the films of Luis Buñuel and John Waters, for example. The 18th-century philosopher is also poised to make an appearance in a video game to be released by Ubisoft in France in November — a sequel to the “Assassin’s Creed” series that is set in the French Revolution.
Until Jan. 18, the Museum of Letters and Manuscripts in Paris is also presenting an exhibition of Sade’s letters and books, including his manuscript for “The 120 Days of Sodom,” a tale of four wealthy libertines who settle in a remote medieval castle with young victims who are abused and tortured.
The Marquis de Sade wrote this work on pages assembled into a 39-foot-long roll that he hid between two stones in his prison cell in the Bastille. The museum of letters is also displaying his handwritten letters to his wife, stepmother, lawyer and an actress.