Earth Sciences

The 1811-1812 New Madrid series of earthquakes were the largest in magnitude (estimated to be M8.0 or greater) in the continental North America in the history. Other major historic earthquakes in the same region also occurred during major solar minimums, or “solar hibernations.” From a tectonic viewpoint, the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) is situated on the axis of the N-S American Geanticline or Super Anticline which is Archean in origin. It has been subject to repeated magmatic and tectonic activities in Proterozoic and Phanerozoic – the Caribbean dome (now oceanized to form the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico) has been the site for rising thermal energy from the outer core since the Mesozoic. Energy transmigrates northward along the anticlinal axis (or surge channel) and is trapped at the embayment bounded by less permeable Precambrian-Paleozoic basement highs in the north of the New Madrid area. The arrival of a major, prolonged solar low period or “hibernation” in the coming 30 years, which are considered comparable to the Dalton or even Maunder Minimum (1645-1715), increases the likelihood of repeating the 1811-12 class seismic events. Heightened awareness, monitoring of precursory signals, and disaster mitigation planning are required.

Coastal SST measurements and images derived from Meteosat Satellit TIR channel are used to studv the spatio- temporal evolution of the minor upwelling off Côte-d'Ivoire. The TIR images derived from Meteosat provide a comprehensive view of the spatial dynamics of the upwelling off Côte-d'Ivoire. The cooling water was detected by Meteosat sensors because there is generally a clear sky situation

We elaborated the sismic regional forecast for the planet earth, using AI and solar system, main bodies and minor bodies data.
This is a preliminary work, suitable only for research porpuse and could contain various errors.
We ask the collaboration of many people and researchers.

Herbicide use is increasing worldwide both in agriculture and private gardens. However, our knowledge of potential side-effects on non-target soil organisms, even on such eminent ones as earthworms, is still very scarce. In a greenhouse experiment, we assessed the impact of the most widely used glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup on two earthworm species with different feeding strategies. We demonstrate, that the surface casting activity of vertically burrowing earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) almost ceased three weeks after herbicide application, while the activity of soil dwelling earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa) was not affected. Reproduction of the soil dwellers was reduced by 56% within three months after herbicide application. Herbicide application led to increased soil concentrations of nitrate by 1592% and phosphate by 127%, pointing to potential risks for nutrient leaching into streams, lakes, or groundwater aquifers. These sizeable herbicide-induced impacts on agroecosystems are particularly worrisome because these herbicides have been globally used for decades.

The International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering (IJEE) focus on Earth sciences and Engineering with emphasis on earth sciences and engineering. Applications of interdisciplinary topics such as engineering geology, geo-instrumentation, geotechnical and geo-environmental engineering, mining engineering, rock engineering, blasting engineering, petroleum engineering, off shore and marine geo-technology, geothermal energy, resource engineering, water resources and engineering, groundwater, geochemical engineering, environmental engineering, atmospheric Sciences, Climate Change, and oceanography. Specific topics covered include earth sciences and engineering applications, RS, GIS, GPS applications in earth sciences and engineering, geo-hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, tsunami, debris flows and subsidence, rock/soil improvements and development of models validations using field, laboratory measurements.
Professors / Academicians / Engineers / Researchers / Students can send their papers directly to: chiefeditor_ijee@yahoo.com

Seismic Activity - Indian Scenario
Authored by
B RAMALINGESWARA RAO
Reviewed by
P R REDDY
CSIR – National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), Hyderabad-500 007, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
Publishers: Buddha Publisher, Hyderabad, India, P.P. 1 - 642, Price: ₹2700

Si rileva in Calabria un alto tasso di dispersione scolastica, soprattutto nel passaggio dalla scuola secondaria di primo grado alla scuola secondaria di secondo grado. Si attiva una azione di didattica inclusiva, innovativa, laboratoriale e di formazione degli insegnanti al fine di intraprendere una decisa azione di contrasto contro le bocciature nel primo anno di scuola secondaria superiore mediante piani di studio più flessibili e personalizzati, rendere più efficace l'orientamento nella scuola secondaria attraverso una azione azione di continuità didattico-metodologica nel passaggio dal primo al secondo grado, rafforzare il collegamento tra scuola e mondo del lavoro, tra scuola e terzo grado di istruzione.

Models with wave dynamics and oscillations  in the solar system are presented. A solitonial solution (Korteweg-de Vries), for a density field, is related to the formations of planets. A new nonlinear equation for a solitonial, will be derived, and denoted ‘J-T equation’. The linearized version has solutions, which are small vibrations with eigen frequency proportional to the parameters describing the solitonial wave, around a constant level, which is 2/3 of the maximum solitonial density. The location and orbital motion of Mercury and Venus are compared with wave dynamics. The tidal effect for Earth is analysed in terms of dynamics. Related phenomena for other planetary objects are discussed in conjunction with assuming a Roche limit.

An explanation of the recent financial crisis and why on earth economists failed to anticipate it.
How economics could look if we were to solve the problems we face today, and why the same mistakes in perpetuity have led us to where we are.
Whose views count? Whose narratives count? A discussion of inequality, monopoly and power elites.
De-jargonising technical terms: dissolving the information gap.
What sort of output do we really want from our economy?
The Bank of England and other ‘Too Big To Fail’ banks as both cause and cure.
How vested interests have diverted a useful science into an ideological minefield.
Some alternative literature: a whistle-stop tour of relevant, socially conscious papers and their authors.
Modern economic tools and theories: are we using them to their full potential? For their intended benefit? Ought we to discard centuries of detrimental developments, embrace them, or iteratively change our methodology over time?
Reinventing economics for the 21st and 31st centuries.
Whose economy is it anyway?













An explanation of the recent financial crisis and why on earth economists failed to anticipate it.
How economics could look if we were to solve the problems we face today, and why the same mistakes in perpetuity have led us to where we are.
Whose views count? Whose narratives count? A discussion of inequality, monopoly and power elites.
De-jargonising technical terms: dissolving the information gap.
What sort of output do we really want from our economy?
The Bank of England and other ‘Too Big To Fail’ banks as both cause and cure.
How vested interests have diverted a useful science into an ideological minefield.
Some alternative literature: a whistle-stop tour of relevant, socially conscious papers and their authors.
Modern economic tools and theories: are we using them to their full potential? For their intended benefit? Ought we to discard centuries of detrimental developments, embrace them, or iteratively change our methodology over time?
Reinventing economics for the 21st and 31st centuries.
Whose economy is it anyway?

The Dongjiu–Milin shear zone located on the northwest flank of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, southeast Tibet, separates Indian and Asian plate rocks. It is characterized by a thick sequence of highly strained and ductilely deformed mylonite (sensu stricto and sensu lato) bound between a pair of sub-parallel transtensive brittle normal faults. An integrated geochronological, petrographic, and thermobarometric study of three samples of pelitic and semi-pelitic mylonite (sensu lato) from the shear zone provides new insights into its thermal and structural evolution, and hence the tectonic processes operating in the region since the India–Asia collision. U–Th–Pb in-situ dating of monazite, garnet–ilmenite thermometry, and textural relationships show that mylonitization and peak-thermal staurolite-grade metamorphism occurred at 23.4 ± 0.7 Ma at a temperature of at least ~ 610 ± 30 °C. Cooling of these units through 420–500 °C occurred at c. 11–8 Ma, as constrained by the retrograde breakdown of allanite to form monazite. These data show that the cooling history of mylonite (sensu lato) in the shear zone and the tectonic evolution of the syntaxis region can be divided into two distinct stages. Slow cooling at a rate of 6–12 °C/Myr during c. 23–8 Ma is attributed to exhumation during ductile deformation and mylonitization caused by the ongoing India–Asia collision. This was followed by a period of significantly faster cooling at a minimum rate of 57 °C/Myr since c. 8 Ma, most likely associated with brittle normal faulting that facilitated the final stages of excavation to the surface. These new thermochronological data provide evidence of deep-seated exhumation-related cooling processes occurring in a convergent margin orogenic setting.